Abstract
Land-use intensification (LUI) and biological invasions are two of the most important global change pressures driving biodiversity loss. However, their combined impacts on biological communities have been seldom explored, which may result in misleading ecological assessments or mitigation actions. Based on an extensive field survey of 445 paired invaded and control plots of coastal vegetation in SW Spain, we explored the joint effects of LUI (agricultural and urban intensification) and invasion on the taxonomic and functional richness, mean plant height and leaf area of native plants. Our survey covered five invasive species with contrasting functional similarity and competitive ability in relation to the native community. We modeled the response of native communities for the overall and invader-specific datasets, and determined if invader-native functional differences could influence the combined impacts of LUI and invasion. Overall, we found that urban intensification reduced taxonomic richness more strongly at invaded plots (synergistic interactive effects). In contrast, functional richness loss caused by urban intensification was less pronounced at invaded plots (antagonistic interactive effects). Overall models showed also that urban intensification led to reduced mean leaf area, while agriculture was linked to higher mean plant height. When exploring invader-specific models, we observed that the combined effects of agricultural and urban intensification with invasion were heterogeneous. At invaded plots, invader-native functional differences accounted for part of this variability. Our findings demonstrate the importance of considering the interactive effects of global change pressures for a better assessment and management of ecosystems.
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We thank E. Manzano and J. L. Espinar for their contribution in the field survey. We are grateful to K. Gross, Y.-L. Feng and the three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments to previous versions of the manuscript. This study was supported by the project IMPLANTIN (CGL2015-65346-R) of the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) and POII10˗0179˗4700 of the Junta de Comunidades de Castilla˗La Mancha (Spain). CG-C is supported by a “Juan de la Cierva-Formación” research contract (MINECO, FJCI-2015-25785) and by the European Regional Development Fund (COMPETE2020 and PT2020) and the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), through the Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA) strategic program UID/BIA/04050/2019 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007569) and the STREAMECO project (Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning under climate change: from the gene to the stream, PTDC/CTA-AMB/31245/2017). DS-F is supported by a post-doctoral contract funded by Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha and the European Social Fund (ESF). PGM was supported by CABI Development Fund, with contributions from Department for International Development (DFID, UK), Australian Center for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR, Australia) and Directorate for International Cooperation (DGIS, Netherlands), and by a “Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación” contract (MINECO, IJCI-2017-31733). MV acknowledges support through the Junta de Andalucía projects RNM-4031 (Spain) and the Spanish Severo Ochoa Program for Centers of Excellence in R+D+I (SEV-2012-0262).
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CG-C, DS-F, PG-M, PC-D and MV conceived the ideas and designed methodology; PG-M and MV collected the data; CG-C, DS-F and EM-N compiled and codified trait data with critical inputs from the rest of authors; CG-C analysed the data with assistance of PG-M; CG-C led the writing of the manuscript. All authors contributed critically to data interpretation and manuscript reviewing and gave final approval for publication.
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Communicated by Yu-Long Feng.
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Gutiérrez-Cánovas, C., Sánchez-Fernández, D., González-Moreno, P. et al. Combined effects of land-use intensification and plant invasion on native communities. Oecologia 192, 823–836 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-020-04603-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-020-04603-1