Multifunctional character of revived double perovskite for device applications

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.122690Get rights and content

Highlights

  • The material is ‘Sr’ doped lead reducing double perovskite prepared by inexpensive solid solution casting method.

  • Structural and micro structural study reveals single phase, high symmetry and highly dense compound.

  • Dielectric and polarization study infers it can be useful for multilayer capacitor and memory devices.

  • Optical properties of the material reflect it can be useful for photovoltaic/solar cell and blue white LED devices.

Abstract

The materials having multifunctional behavior are in the form of single crystal or poly crystalline. The present reports belong to polycrystalline samples of lead reducing double perovskite vanadates of Pb2-xSrxBiVO6 (0.5 ≤ x ≤ 1.5) oxide ceramics. To synthesize the present samples cost effective solid solution casting technique has been adopted. Their formation, density, phase identification as well as purity were verified through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier transmission Infra-red (FTIR) and RAMAN spectroscopy. The optical properties of the materials have been investigated by utilizing room temperature UV–Vis and photo luminescence (PL) spectroscopic analysis. It is observed the band gap of the materials were found to be in the range of 2.68–2.23eV from UV–Vis study which suggest materials can be useful for photo catalytic devices whereas PL emission spectra confirms they are may be useful as blue white LED devices. Presence of ferroelectricity in the materials was confirmed from dielectric as well as polarization study which allows their utility for multi-layer capacitor and memory devices. Transport and leakage characteristics of the materials were studied from loss tangent, impedance spectroscopy as well as modulus spectroscopy recorded at different conditions of frequency and temperature which may be useful for microelectronics.

Introduction

The smart materials having multifunctional behavior are usually in the form of single crystal or in polycrystalline. The structure of above form of materials are in the form of perovskite and their derivatives such as, double perovskite, tungsten bronze or pyrochlore types. The first ABO3 type mineral is CaTiO3 usually known as perovskite which is named after Russian mineralogist Leo Perovski. In this context a number of ABO3 type materials having multifunctional behavior have been reported by different material scientist. The discovery of ferroelectricity in BaTiO3 by Goodman attracted much to the mineralogist to accelerate the study in this direction. Although lots of lead free and lead based perovskites are reported by different material scientist. Among the reports lead based minerals are dominated because of its better device applications. Although lead free materials are under the replacement lead based minerals still today complete replacement is quite difficult.

The elemental modification in compounds with perovskite structure and its derivatives becomes more ideal for exploration for new multi-functionalized materials. The unique properties of these materials are piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, ferroelectricity, colossal magneto-resistance, superconductivity, spin polarized semi-metallic electrical conductivity [[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]]; ionic conductivity [7], magnetic orderings ranging from anti-ferromagnetic to ferri- and ferromagnetic [8], catalytic properties [9] and multiferroicity [10]. As a result, perovskite and double perovskite materials are of generous mechanical enthusiasm, with a wide scope of potential applications, for example, components for solar cells [11], electrode and electrolyte materials for fuel cells [12], dielectrics or piezoelectrics in electronic devices and sensors [13], magnetic memory devices [6]. So far literature reports reveals. Lead based multifunctional materials are found to be potential candidates for possible device fabrications [[15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23]] like thermally stabilized ceramic capacitors, radio communication filters, microwave devices, piezoelectric transducers, MEMS, IC devices, memory devices like FRAM and pyroelectric detector devices. In addition to the above bismuth and vanadium doped multifunctional materials are other potential candidates for device like, oxygen based sensors, solid oxide fuel cell, oxygen separator etc. [25,26]. This is the main thought for selecting the lead based vanadate series of ceramics.

In view of the above substantial applications of perovskite based ceramics, we have tried to explore lead reducing vanadium based double perovskite with general formula Pb2-xSrxBiVO6 (x = 0.5, 1 and 1.5) for possible device fabrication. As discussed Bismuth doped Vanadates are exploited for fuel cell as well as sensor purpose authors are paying their interest to synthesize the above ceramics. In addition to these, Pb–O, Sr–O, Bi–O and V–O based dipoles may have very good ferroelectric and structural stability for various memory, sensor and detector devices. Our previous report, impedance spectroscopy of Pb2BiVO6 [27], Dielectric and Ferroelectric investigations of Barium doped double perovskite Pb2BiVO6 for Electronic and Optical devices [28],Ferroelectric and Optical Modulations of Double Perovskite Ba2BiVO6 [29], Structural and optical properties of a revived Pb0.5Ba1.5BiVO6 perovskite oxide [30] and Optical and transport properties of new double perovskite oxide [31] given us further boost to investigate in lead reducing Sr modified vanadium based double perovskites. In the present investigation, polycrystalline lead lessening double perovskites are synthesized by cost effective solid solution casting techniques and studied their ferroelectric as well as optical behavior.

Section snippets

Synthesis

The solid state solution casting technique was used to synthesize the series of lead reducing Sr doped polycrystalline samples Pb2-xSrxBiVO6(x = 0.5, 1 and 1.5) at moderate temperature. The raw materials used for above compounds are PbO, SrCO3, Bi2O3 and V2O5. All these chemicals are from M/s LOBA Chemie pvt. Ltd. India and their purity more than 99%.On the basis of proper stoichiometry, the individual powders are dry grounded utilizing an agate-mortar and pestle for 1.5 h and 1.5 h through wet

Structural study

The XRD patterns of lead reducing double perovskite Pb2-xSrxBiVO6(x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5) at room temperature have been illustrated in Fig. 1. It is noticed with increase of Sr+2 contents, there is no remarkable variation in XRD patterns. In view of this, the peaks of different compounds are indexed in different crystal system utilizing commercially available software package POWD [32]. On the basis of minimum standard deviation among experimental data and calculated data monoclinic crystal system

Conclusion

The series of lead reducing poly crystalline ceramics Pb2-xSrxBiVO6 (x = 0.5, 1, 1.5) were tailored by solid state reaction route. The monoclinic crystal structures with space group P21/n have been confirmed both from POWD as well as full proof MAUD refinement. Single phase identification and vibrational properties of the investigated samples have been noticed in XRD, RAMAN, FTIR and EDS analysis. The grain distribution and density of the samples analyzed through SEM image which reveals grain

Declaration of competing interest

Here on behave of authors, I declare that manuscript has not been submitted and acknowledge to the entire researcher directly or indirectly involved in the research article. There not associated with any type of conflict of interest in this manuscript.

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