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Composition and toxicity of particulate matter emitted from turbocharged common rail DME–biodiesel engine

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Abstract

Both ultrafine particle and toxicity emissions originating from diesel engine gain an increasing concern. In this study, size distribution and toxicity of particles from a turbocharged common rail engine fueled with clean fuels—dimethyl ether (DME) and biodiesel blends—were investigated. Effects of different DME–biodiesel blends (B0, B5, B10, and B15) and different engine loads were considered. The results demonstrate that particles emitted from DME–biodiesel engine are mainly in form of nucleation mode. Engine running at intermediate load exhausts the maximum number of accumulation mode particles owing to local hypoxia and not high enough combustion temperature. The addition of biodiesel slightly increases the total particle number, peak of particle number concentration, and particle size corresponding to the peak. Effect of biodiesel proportion on particle size distribution gets weaker with the increase of engine load. Engine fueled with B5, B10, and B15 mainly exhausts low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (ring number ≤ 4) which are closely related to unburned fuel, and the total PAH emissions are linear versus the fuel consumption. Toxicity equivalent (TE) of particles at low load is lower than that at intermediate load. DME–biodiesel blends with biodiesel mass proportion ≤ 15% can release the DME engine from abrasion and leakage, but no obvious increase in both particle emissions and the risk of particle toxicity.

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Abbreviations

ATDC:

Start of injection timing (°CA)

B0:

100% DME

B5:

95% DME + 5% biodiesel

B10:

90% DME + 10% biodiesel

B15:

85% DME + 15% biodiesel

BMEP:

Brake mean effective pressure (MPa)

BSFC:

Brake-specific fuel consumption (g/kWh)

BTE:

Brake thermal efficiency

CA50 :

Crank angle position for 50% burned mass fraction (°CA ATDC)

CO:

Carbon monoxide

DME:

Dimethyl ether

D p :

Particle diameter (nm)

EBSFC:

Equivalent brake-specific fuel consumption (g/kWh)

EGR:

Exhaust gas recirculation

HC:

Hydrocarbon

HRR:

Heat release rate (J/°CA)

MPRR:

Maximum cylinder pressure rising rate (MPa/°CA)

n :

Speed (rpm)

NOx :

Nitrogen oxide

p :

In-cylinder pressure (MPa)

PAH:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

P inj :

Injection pressure (MPa)

SOI:

Start of injection timing (°CA)

tr:

Temperature of exhaust gas (°C)

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Funding

This project was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFE0130800), Science Technology Department of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. GG19E060001), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91441124 and 91741122),and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2018 M642014).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Power Machinery and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Chunhua Sun, Xinqi Qiao, Dehao Ju, Qing Tang & Xiaoyuan Fang

  2. Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan, 316000, Zhejiang, China

    Feng Zhou

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  1. Chunhua Sun
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  2. Xinqi Qiao
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  3. Dehao Ju
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  4. Qing Tang
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  5. Xiaoyuan Fang
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  6. Feng Zhou
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Correspondence to Xinqi Qiao.

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Sun, C., Qiao, X., Ju, D. et al. Composition and toxicity of particulate matter emitted from turbocharged common rail DME–biodiesel engine. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 10700–10714 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07639-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07639-1

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