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“Modern agriculture” transfers many pesticides to watercourses: a case study of a representative rural catchment of southern Brazil

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Abstract

The total cultivated area in Brazil reached to 62 million ha in 2018, with the predominance of genetically modified soybean and corn (36 and 17 million ha, respectively) in no-tillage systems. In 2018, 5.3 × 105 Mg of active ingredient of pesticides was applied in cropfields, representing about 7.3 L of commercial product by habitant. However, the monitoring of water courses contamination by pesticides remains scarce and is based on traditional grab sampling systems. In this study, we used the grab (water) and passive sampling (Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler—POCIS) to monitor pesticide contamination in the river network of a representative agricultural catchment of southern Brazil. We selected 18 sampling sites located in tributaries and in the main course of the Guaporé River, in Rio Grande do Sul State, with different land use predominance including forest, urban, and agricultural areas. Altogether, 79 and 23 pesticides were, respectively, analyzed in water and POCIS samples. The water of Guaporé River and its tributaries were highly contaminated by many pesticides, especially by four herbicides (2,4-D, atrazine, deethyl-atrazine, and simazine), three fungicides (carbendazim, tebuconazole, and epoxiconazole), and one insecticide (imidacloprid). The amount, type, and concentration of pesticides detected were completely different depending on the sampling technic used. POCIS was effective to discriminate the contamination according to the main land use of each sampling site. The monitored areas with the predominance of soybean cultivation under no-tillage tended to have higher concentrations of fungicide, while in the more diversified region, the herbicides showed higher values. The presence of five herbicides used in corn and grassland forage production was correlated with areas of integrated crop-livestock systems, in contrast to higher contamination by 2,4-D in areas of intensive production of soybean and winter cereals.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the following: Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), and Project “Mais Água” of FINEP/FEPAGRO/SEAPA-RS.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Federal de Alagoas, Rua Odilon Vasconcelos, 103, Maceió, AL, 57035-350, Brazil

    José Augusto Monteiro de Castro Lima

  2. Université de Poitiers, IC2MP, UMR CNRS 7285, 7 rue Marcel Dore, B16, 860073, Poitiers Cedex 9, France

    Jérôme Labanowski, Leslie Mondamert, Eugenie Granado & Thibaut Le Guet

  3. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil

    Marília Camotti Bastos, Renato Zanella, Osmar Damian Prestes, Jocelina Paranhos Rosa de Vargas, Alexandre Troian & Danilo Rheinheimer dos Santos

  4. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Bento Gonçalves, 7712, Porto Alegre, RS, 91540-000, Brazil

    Tales Tiecher

  5. University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, 12350, Pakistan

    Mohsin Zafar

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  1. José Augusto Monteiro de Castro Lima
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  13. Danilo Rheinheimer dos Santos
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Correspondence to Tales Tiecher.

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de Castro Lima, J.A.M., Labanowski, J., Bastos, M.C. et al. “Modern agriculture” transfers many pesticides to watercourses: a case study of a representative rural catchment of southern Brazil. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 10581–10598 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06550-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06550-8

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