Issue 6, 2020

Targeted cell imaging properties of a deep red luminescent iridium(iii) complex conjugated with a c-Myc signal peptide

Abstract

A nuclear localisation sequence (NLS) peptide, PAAKRVKLD, derived from the human c-Myc regulator gene, has been functionalised with a long wavelength (λex = 550 nm; λem = 677 nm) cyclometalated organometallic iridium(III) complex to give the conjugate Ir-CMYC. Confocal fluorescence microscopy studies on human fibroblast cells imaged after 18–24 h incubation show that Ir-CMYC concentrations of 80–100 μM promote good cell uptake and nuclear localisation, which was confirmed though co-localisation studies using Hoechst 33342. In comparison, a structurally related, photophysically analogous iridium(III) complex lacking the peptide sequence, Ir-PYR, showed very different biological behaviour, with no evidence of nuclear, lysosomal or autophagic vesicle localisation and significantly increased toxicity to the cells at concentrations >10 μM that induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Supporting UV-visible and circular dichroism spectroscopic studies show that Ir-PYR and Ir-CMYC display similarly low affinities for DNA (ca. 103 M−1), consistent with electrostatic binding. Therefore the translocation and nuclear uptake properties of Ir-CMYC are attributed to the presence of the PAAKRVKLD nuclear localisation sequence in this complex.

Graphical abstract: Targeted cell imaging properties of a deep red luminescent iridium(iii) complex conjugated with a c-Myc signal peptide

Supplementary files

Article information

Article type
Edge Article
Submitted
04 Nov 2019
Accepted
14 Dec 2019
First published
08 Jan 2020
This article is Open Access

All publication charges for this article have been paid for by the Royal Society of Chemistry
Creative Commons BY license

Chem. Sci., 2020,11, 1599-1606

Targeted cell imaging properties of a deep red luminescent iridium(III) complex conjugated with a c-Myc signal peptide

A. H. Day, M. H. Übler, H. L. Best, E. Lloyd-Evans, R. J. Mart, I. A. Fallis, R. K. Allemann, E. A. H. Al-Wattar, N. I. Keymer, N. J. Buurma and S. J. A. Pope, Chem. Sci., 2020, 11, 1599 DOI: 10.1039/C9SC05568A

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. You can use material from this article in other publications without requesting further permissions from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given.

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