Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Photocatalysis: an overview of recent developments and technological advancements

  • Invited Reviews
  • Published:
Science China Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Photocatalysis, which is the catalyzation of redox reactions via the use of energy obtained from light sources, is a topic that has garnered a lot of attention in recent years as a means of addressing the environmental and economic issues plaguing society today. Of particular interest are photosynthesis can potentially mimic a variety of vital reactions, many of which hold the key to develop sustainable energy economy. In light of this, many of the technological and procedural advancements that have recently occurred in the field are discussed in this review, namely those linked to: (1) photocatalysts made from metal oxides, nitride, and sulfides; (2) photocatalysis via polymeric carbon nitride (PCN); and (3) general advances and mechanistic insights related to TiO2-based catalysts. The challenges and opportunities that have arisen over the past few years are discussed in detail. Basic concepts and experimental procedures which could be useful for eventually overcoming the problems associated with photo-catalysis are presented herein.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Lewis NS, Nocera DG. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2006, 103: 15729–15735

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Schneider J, Matsuoka M, Takeuchi M, Zhang J, Horiuchi Y, Anpo M, Bahnemann DW. Chem Rev, 2014, 114: 9919–9986

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Fujishima A, Honda K. Nature, 1972, 238: 37–38

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Wang S, Lin J, Wang X. Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2014, 16: 14656–14660

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Zhang G, Lan ZA, Wang X. ChemCatChem, 2015, 7: 1422–1423

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Wang S, Wang X. Appl Catal B-Environ, 2015, 162: 494–500

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Wang S, Wang X. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2016, 55: 2308–2320

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Zheng M, Ghosh I, König B, Wang X. ChemCatChem, 2019, 11: 703–706

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Yang C, Huang W, da Silva LC, Zhang KAI, Wang X. Chem Eur J, 2018, 24: 17454–17458

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Zheng M, Shi J, Yuan T, Wang X. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2018, 57: 5487–5491

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Ravelli D, Dondi D, Fagnoni M, Albini A. Chem Soc Rev, 2009, 38: 1999–2011

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Ong WJ, Tan LL, Ng YH, Yong ST, Chai SP. Chem Rev, 2016, 116: 7159–7329

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Lang X, Chen X, Zhao J. Chem Soc Rev, 2014, 43: 473–486

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Wang X, Maeda K, Thomas A, Takanabe K, Xin G, Carlsson JM, Domen K, Antonietti M. Nat Mater, 2009, 8: 76–80

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Zhang G, Zhang M, Ye X, Qiu X, Lin S, Wang X. Adv Mater, 2014, 26: 805–809

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Zhang J, Zhang M, Yang C, Wang X. Adv Mater, 2014, 26: 4121–4126

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Hou Y, Zheng C, Zhu Z, Wang X. Chem Commun, 2016, 52: 6888–6891

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Bardeen J. Phys Rev, 1947, 71: 717–727

    Google Scholar 

  19. Klahr B, Gimenez S, Fabregat-Santiago F, Hamann T, Bisquert J. J Am Chem Soc, 2012, 134: 4294–4302

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Cummings CY, Marken F, Peter LM, Tahir AA, Wijayantha KGU. Chem Commun, 2012, 48: 2027–2029

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Klahr B, Hamann T. J Phys Chem C, 2014, 118: 10393–10399

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Iandolo B, Hellman A. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2014, 53: 13404–13408

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Yatom N, Neufeld O, Caspary Toroker M. J Phys Chem C, 2015, 119: 24789–24795

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Zandi O, Hamann TW. Nat Chem, 2016, 8: 778–783

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Li C, Luo Z, Wang T, Gong J. Adv Mater, 2018, 30: 1707502

    Google Scholar 

  26. Le Formal F, Sivula K, Grätzel M. J Phys Chem C, 2012, 116: 26707–26720

    Google Scholar 

  27. Kuang Y, Yamada T, Domen K. Joule, 2017, 1: 290–305

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Le Formal F, Tétreault N, Cornuz M, Moehl T, Grätzel M, Sivula K. Chem Sci, 2011, 2: 737–743

    Google Scholar 

  29. Ulman K, Nguyen MT, Seriani N, Gebauer R. J Chem Phys, 2016, 144: 094701

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Xi L, Bassi PS, Chiam SY, Mak WF, Tran PD, Barber J, Chye Loo JS, Wong LH. Nanoscale, 2012, 4: 4430–4433

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Ahn HJ, Yoon KY, Kwak MJ, Jang JH. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2016, 55: 9922–9926

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Jang JW, Du C, Ye Y, Lin Y, Yao X, Thorne J, Liu E, McMahon G, Zhu J, Javey A, Guo J, Wang D. Nat Commun, 2015, 6: 7447

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Zandi O, Hamann TW. J Phys Chem Lett, 2014, 5: 1522–1526

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Zhang M, Luo W, Zhang N, Li Z, Yu T, Zou Z. Electrochem Commun, 2012, 23: 41–43

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Yang Y, Forster M, Ling Y, Wang G, Zhai T, Tong Y, Cowan AJ, Li Y. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2016, 55: 3403–3407

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Tilley SD, Cornuz M, Sivula K, Grätzel M. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2010, 49: 6405–6408

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Tamirat AG, Su WN, Dubale AA, Chen HM, Hwang BJ. J Mater Chem A, 2015, 3: 5949–5961

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Xi L, Tran PD, Chiam SY, Bassi PS, Mak WF, Mulmudi HK, Batabyal SK, Barber J, Loo JSC, Wong LH. J Phys Chem C, 2012, 116: 13884–13889

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Deng J, Zhong J, Pu A, Zhang D, Li M, Sun X, Lee ST. J Appl Phys, 2012, 112: 084312

    Google Scholar 

  40. Cao D, Luo W, Li M, Feng J, Li Z, Zou Z. CrystEngComm, 2013, 15: 2386–2391

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Lian X, Yang X, Liu S, Xu Y, Jiang C, Chen J, Wang R. Appl Surf Sci, 2012, 258: 2307–2311

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Ling Y, Wang G, Wheeler DA, Zhang JZ, Li Y. Nano Lett, 2011, 11: 2119–2125

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Zandi O, Hamann TW. Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2015, 17: 22485–22503

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Guo X, Wang L, Tan Y. Nano Energy, 2015, 16: 320–328

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Xie J, Liu W, Xin J, Lei F, Gao L, Qu H, Zhang X, Xie Y. Chem-SusChem, 2017, 10: 4465–4471

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Yoon KY, Ahn HJ, Kwak MJ, Kim SI, Park J, Jang JH. J Mater Chem A, 2016, 4: 18730–18736

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Kim JY, Magesh G, Youn DH, Jang JW, Kubota J, Domen K, Lee JS. Sci Rep, 2013, 3: 2681

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Zhang Y, Jiang S, Song W, Zhou P, Ji H, Ma W, Hao W, Chen C, Zhao J. Energy Environ Sci, 2015, 8: 1231–1236

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Kaouk A, Ruoko TP, Pyeon M, Gönüllü Y, Kaunisto K, Lemmetyinen H, Mathur S. J Phys Chem C, 2016, 120: 28345–28353

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Ling YC, Wang GM, Reddy J, Wang CC, Zhang JZ, Li Y. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2012, 124: 4150–4155

    Google Scholar 

  51. Peerakiatkhajohn P, Yun JH, Chen H, Lyu M, Butburee T, Wang L. Adv Mater, 2016, 28: 6405–6410

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Wang Y, Yu T, Chen X, Zhang H, Ouyang S, Li Z, Ye J, Zou Z. J Phys D-Appl Phys, 2007, 40: 3925–3930

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Hou Y, Zuo F, Dagg A, Feng P. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2013, 52: 1248–1252

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Miao C, Ji S, Xu G, Liu G, Zhang L, Ye C. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2012, 4: 4428–4433

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Sivula K, Formal FL, Gratzel M. Chem Mater, 2009, 21: 2862–2867

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Fang T, Guo Y, Cai S, Zhang N, Hu Y, Zhang S, Li Z, Zou Z. Nanotechnology, 2017, 28: 394003

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Li J, Meng F, Suri S, Ding W, Huang F, Wu N. Chem Commun, 2012, 48: 8213–8215

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Zhang N, Guo Y, Wang X, Zhang S, Li Z, Zou Z. Dalton Trans, 2017, 46: 10673–10677

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Zhang Y, Zhang N, Wang T, Huang H, Chen Y, Li Z, Zou Z. Appl Catal B-Environ, 2019, 245: 410–419

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Christoforidis KC, Montini T, Bontempi E, Zafeiratos S, Jaén JJD, Fornasiero P. Appl Catal B-Environ, 2016, 187: 171–180

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Guo Y, Fu Y, Liu Y, Shen S. RSC Adv, 2014, 4: 36967–36972

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Cai J, Li S, Qin G. Appl Surf Sci, 2019, 466: 92–98

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Guo Y, Zhang N, Wang X, Qian Q, Zhang S, Li Z, Zou Z. J Mater Chem A, 2017, 5: 7571–7577

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Zhu X, Guijarro N, Liu Y, Schouwink P, Wells RA, Le Formal F, Sun S, Gao C, Sivula K. Adv Mater, 2018, 30: 1801612

    Google Scholar 

  65. Shehzad N, Tahir M, Johari K, Murugesan T, Hussain M. J CO2 Utiliz, 2018, 26: 98–122

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Kocí K, Obalová L, Matejová L, Plachá D, Lacný Z, Jirkovský J, Šolcová O. Appl Catal B-Environ, 2009, 89: 494–502

    Google Scholar 

  67. Hu J, Odom TW, Lieber CM. Acc Chem Res, 1999, 32: 435–445

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Yuan YJ, Yu ZT, Chen XY, Zhang JY, Zou ZG. Chem Eur J, 2011, 17: 12891–12895

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Ping G, Wang C, Chen D, Liu S, Huang X, Qin L, Huang Y, Shu K. J Solid State Electrochem, 2013, 17: 2503–2510

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Xu H, Ouyang S, Li P, Kako T, Ye J. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2013, 5: 1348–1354

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Cao S, Low J, Yu J, Jaroniec M. Adv Mater, 2015, 27: 2150–2176

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Wang T, Meng X, Liu G, Chang K, Li P, Kang Q, Liu L, Li M, Ouyang S, Ye J. J Mater Chem A, 2015, 3: 9491–9501

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Li C, Xue F, Ding E, He X. Appl Surf Sci, 2015, 356: 852–861

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Nasution H, Purnama E, Kosela S, Gunlazuardi J. Catal Commun, 2005, 6: 313–319

    Google Scholar 

  75. Tahir M, Amin NAS. Appl Catal B-Environ, 2015, 162: 98–109

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Di Valentin C, Pacchioni G. Catal Today, 2013, 206: 12–18

    Google Scholar 

  77. Zhou W, Fu H. ChemCatChem, 2013, 5: 885–894

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Zhao Z, Fan J, Wang J, Li R. Catal Commun, 2012, 21: 32–37

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Zhang Z, Huang Z, Cheng X, Wang Q, Chen Y, Dong P, Zhang X. Appl Surf Sci, 2015, 355: 45–51

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Zhang Q, Li Y, Ackerman EA, Gajdardziska-Josifovska M, Li H. Appl Catal A-General, 2011, 400: 195–202

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Liu L, Jiang Y, Zhao H, Chen J, Cheng J, Yang K, Li Y. ACS Catal, 2016, 6: 1097–1108

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Pan J, Liu G, Lu GQM, Cheng HM. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2011, 50: 2133–2137

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Ye L, Mao J, Peng T, Zan L, Zhang Y. Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2014, 16: 15675–15680

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Xie K, Umezawa N, Zhang N, Reunchan P, Zhang Y, Ye J. Energy Environ Sci, 2011, 4: 4211–4219

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Zhou H, Guo J, Li P, Fan T, Zhang D, Ye J. Sci Rep, 2013, 3: 1667

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  86. Kwak BS, Kang M. Appl Surf Sci, 2015, 337: 138–144

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Hernández-Uresti DB, Sánchez-Martínez D, Vallejo-Márquez J, Obregón S, Vázquez A. Res Chem Intermed, 2019, 45: 2855–2867

    Google Scholar 

  88. Park Y, McDonald KJ, Choi KS. Chem Soc Rev, 2013, 42: 2321–2337

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Luo W, Li Z, Yu T, Zou Z. J Phys Chem C, 2012, 116: 5076–5081

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Luo W, Wang Z, Wan L, Li Z, Yu T, Zou Z. J Phys D-Appl Phys, 2010, 43: 405402

    Google Scholar 

  91. Ng YH, Iwase A, Kudo A, Amal R. J Phys Chem Lett, 2010, 1: 2607–2612

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Hong SJ, Lee S, Jang JS, Lee JS. Energy Environ Sci, 2011, 4: 1781–1787

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Jo WJ, Jang JW, Kong K, Kang HJ, Kim JY, Jun H, Parmar KPS, Lee JS. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2012, 51: 3147–3151

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Luo W, Wang J, Zhao X, Zhao Z, Li Z, Zou Z. Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2013, 15: 1006–1013

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Chakthranont P, Hellstern TR, McEnaney JM, Jaramillo TF. Adv Energy Mater, 2017, 7: 1701515

    Google Scholar 

  96. Kim JH, Jang JW, Kang HJ, Magesh G, Kim JY, Kim JH, Lee J, Lee JS. J Catal, 2014, 317: 126–134

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Hu Y, Wu Y, Feng J, Huang H, Zhang C, Qian Q, Fang T, Xu J, Wang P, Li Z, Zou Z. J Mater Chem A, 2018, 6: 2568–2576

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Wang S, He T, Yun JH, Hu Y, Xiao M, Du A, Wang L. Adv Funct Mater, 2018, 28: 1802685

    Google Scholar 

  99. Hu Y, Su Y, Huang H, Qian Q, Guan Z, Feng J, Li Z, Zou Z. ChemCatChem, 2015, 7: 2979–2985

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Kim TW, Choi KS. Science, 2014, 343: 990–994

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  101. Bae D, Seger B, Vesborg PCK, Hansen O, Chorkendorff I. Chem Soc Rev, 2017, 46: 1933–1954

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  102. Lee DK, Choi KS. Nat Energy, 2018, 3: 53–60

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Kuang Y, Jia Q, Ma G, Hisatomi T, Minegishi T, Nishiyama H, Nakabayashi M, Shibata N, Yamada T, Kudo A, Domen K. Nat Energy, 2017, 2: 16191

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Luo W, Yang Z, Li Z, Zhang J, Liu J, Zhao Z, Wang Z, Yan S, Yu T, Zou Z. Energy Environ Sci, 2011, 4: 4046–4051

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Yourey JE, Pyper KJ, Kurtz JB, Bartlett BM. J Phys Chem C, 2013, 117: 8708–8718

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Nam KM, Cheon EA, Shin WJ, Bard AJ. Langmuir, 2015, 31: 10897–10903

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  107. Ye W, Chen F, Zhao F, Han N, Li Y. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2016, 8: 9211–9217

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Gao Y, Hamann TW. Chem Commun, 2017, 53: 1285–1288

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Gaillard N, Chang Y, DeAngelis A, Higgins S, Braun A. Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2013, 38: 3166–3176

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Pilli SK, Deutsch TG, Furtak TE, Brown LD, Turner JA, Herring AM. Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2013, 15: 3273–3278

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Zhang H, Yilmaz P, Ansari JO, Khan FF, Binions R, Krause S, Dunn S. J Mater Chem A, 2015, 3: 9638–9644

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Valenti M, Dolat D, Biskos G, Schmidt-Ott A, Smith WA. J Phys Chem C, 2015, 119: 2096–2104

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Davi M, Drichel A, Mann M, Scholz T, Schrader F, Rokicinska A, Kustrowski P, Dronskowski R, Slabon A. J Phys Chem C, 2017, 121: 26265–26274

    Google Scholar 

  114. Hill JC, Ping Y, Galli GA, Choi KS. Energy Environ Sci, 2013, 6: 2440–2446

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Liang Q, Guo Y, Zhang N, Qian Q, Hu Y, Hu J, Li Z, Zou Z. Sci China Mater, 2018, 61: 1297–1304

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Kalyanasundaram K, Borgarello E, Duonghong D, Grätzel M. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 1981, 20: 987–988

    Google Scholar 

  117. Kim YK, Park H. Energy Environ Sci, 2011, 4: 685–694

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Wakerley DW, Kuehnel MF, Orchard KL, Ly KH, Rosser TE, Reisner E. Nat Energy, 2017, 2: 17021

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  119. Li H, Zhou Y, Chen L, Luo W, Xu Q, Wang X, Xiao M, Zou Z. Nanoscale, 2013, 5: 11933–11939

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. Lei Z, You W, Liu M, Zhou G, Takata T, Hara M, Domen K, Li C. Chem Commun, 2003, 17): 2142–2143

    Google Scholar 

  121. Shen S, Zhao L, Zhou Z, Guo L. J Phys Chem C, 2008, 112: 16148–16155

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  122. Mei Z, Ouyang S, Tang DM, Kako T, Golberg D, Ye J. Dalton Trans, 2013, 42: 2687–2690

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  123. Shen S, Chen X, Ren F, Kronawitter CX, Mao SS, Guo L. Nanoscale Res Lett, 2011, 6: 290

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  124. Ding N, Fan Y, Luo Y, Li D, Meng Q. APL Mater, 2015, 3: 104417

    Google Scholar 

  125. Wen X, Luo W, Guan Z, Huang W, Zou Z. Nano Energy, 2017, 41: 18–26

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  126. Wang J, Zhang P, Song X, Gao L. RSC Adv, 2014, 4: 27805–27810

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  127. Guan Z, Luo W, Xu Y, Tao Q, Wen X, Zou Z. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2016, 8: 5432–5438

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Hu JS, Ren LL, Guo YG, Liang HP, Cao AM, Wan LJ, Bai CL. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2005, 44: 1269–1273

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  129. Chen D, Huang F, Ren G, Li D, Zheng M, Wang Y, Lin Z. Nanoscale, 2010, 2: 2062–2064

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Wu CC, Cho HF, Chang WS, Lee TC. Chem Eng Sci, 2010, 65: 141–147

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  131. Huang D, Persson C. Chem Phys Lett, 2014, 591: 189–192

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Li Z, Luo W, Zhang M, Feng J, Zou Z. Energy Environ Sci, 2013, 6: 347–370

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  133. Wang J, Fang T, Zhang L, Feng J, Li Z, Zou Z. J Catal, 2014, 309: 291–299

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  134. Fan G, Fang T, Wang X, Zhu Y, Fu H, Feng J, Li Z, Zou Z. iScience, 2019, 13: 432–439

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  135. Wang X, Huang H, Fan G, Li Z, Zou Z. J Phys Chem C, 2018, 122: 489–494

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  136. Hara M, Hitoki G, Takata T, Kondo JN, Kobayashi H, Domen K. Catal Today, 2003, 78: 555–560

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  137. Chun WJ, Ishikawa A, Fujisawa H, Takata T, Kondo JN, Hara M, Kawai M, Matsumoto Y, Domen K. J Phys Chem B, 2003, 107: 1798–1803

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  138. Ishikawa A, Takata T, Kondo JN, Hara M, Domen K. J Phys Chem B, 2004, 108: 11049–11053

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Higashi M, Domen K, Abe R. Energy Environ Sci, 2011, 4: 4138–4147

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  140. Feng J, Cao D, Wang Z, Luo W, Wang J, Li Z, Zou Z. Chem Eur J, 2014, 20: 16384–16390

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  141. Chen S, Shen S, Liu G, Qi Y, Zhang F, Li C. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2015, 54: 3047–3051

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  142. Li M, Luo W, Cao D, Zhao X, Li Z, Yu T, Zou Z. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2013, 52: 11016–11020

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  143. Zhen C, Wang L, Liu G, Lu GQM, Cheng HM. Chem Commun, 2013, 49: 3019–3021

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Su Z, Wang L, Grigorescu S, Lee K, Schmuki P. Chem Commun, 2014, 50: 15561–15564

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  145. Cong Y, Park HS, Wang S, Dang HX, Fan FF, Mullins CB, Bard AJ. J Phys Chem C, 2012, 116: 14541–14550

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Shi Z, Feng J, Shan H, Wang X, Xu Z, Huang H, Qian Q, Yan S, Zou Z. Appl Catal B-Environ, 2018, 237: 665–672

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  147. Suzuki S, Teshima K, Yubuta K, Ito S, Moriya Y, Takata T, Shishido T, Domen K, Oishi S. CrystEngComm, 2012, 14: 7178–7183

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Liu G, Shi J, Zhang F, Chen Z, Han J, Ding C, Chen S, Wang Z, Han H, Li C. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2014, 53: 7295–7299

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Fang T, Huang H, Feng J, Hu Y, Guo Y, Zhang S, Li Z, Zou Z. Sci Bull, 2018, 63: 1404–1410

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Kerlau M, Merdrignac-Conanec O, Guilloux-Viry M, Perrin A. Solid State Sci, 2004, 6: 101–107

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Narkeviciute I, Chakthranont P, Mackus AJM, Hahn C, Pinaud BA, Bent SF, Jaramillo TF. Nano Lett, 2016, 16: 7565–7572

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  152. Ritala M, Kalsi P, Riihelä D, Kukli K, Leskelä M, Jokinen J. Chem Mater, 1999, 11: 1712–1718

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  153. Hajibabaei H, Zandi O, Hamann TW. Chem Sci, 2016, 7: 6760–6767

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  154. Yokoyama D, Hashiguchi H, Maeda K, Minegishi T, Takata T, Abe R, Kubota J, Domen K. Thin Solid Films, 2011, 519: 2087–2092

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  155. Abe R, Takata T, Sugihara H, Domen K. Chem Lett, 2005, 34: 1162–1163

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Abe R, Higashi M, Domen K. J Am Chem Soc, 2010, 132: 11828–11829

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  157. Allam NK, Shaheen BS, Hafez AM. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2014, 6: 4609–4615

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  158. Pei L, Xu Z, Yan S, Zou Z. J Mater Chem A, 2017, 5: 12848–12855

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Gao H, Zhao M, Yan S, Zhou P, Li Z, Zou Z, Liu Q. RSC Adv, 2016, 6: 86240–86244

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Higashi M, Domen K, Abe R. J Am Chem Soc, 2012, 134: 6968–6971

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  161. Feng J, Huang H, Fang T, Wang X, Yan S, Luo W, Yu T, Zhao Y, Li Z, Zou Z. Adv Funct Mater, 2019, 29: 1808389

    Google Scholar 

  162. Balaz S, Porter SH, Woodward PM, Brillson LJ. Chem Mater, 2013, 25: 3337–3343

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  163. Kim YI. Ceram Int, 2014, 40: 5275–5281

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Kim YI, Woodward PM, Baba-Kishi KZ, Tai CW. Chem Mater, 2004, 16: 1267–1276

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  165. Higashi M, Abe R, Teramura K, Takata T, Ohtani B, Domen K. Chem Phys Lett, 2008, 452: 120–123

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  166. Kim YI. Ceram Int, 2012, 38: 2609–2612

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  167. Günther E, Hagenmayer R, Jansen M. Z Anorg Allg Chem, 2000, 626: 1519–1525

    Google Scholar 

  168. Mizuno Y, Wagata H, Yubuta K, Zettsu N, Oishi S, Teshima K. CrystEngComm, 2013, 15: 8133–8138

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  169. Park NY, Kim YI. J Mater Sci, 2012, 47: 5333–5340

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  170. Zhang L, Song Y, Feng J, Fang T, Zhong Y, Li Z, Zou Z. Int J Hydrogen Energy, 2014, 39: 7697–7704

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  171. Higashi M, Domen K, Abe R. J Am Chem Soc, 2013, 135: 10238–10241

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  172. Feng J, Luo W, Fang T, Lv H, Wang Z, Gao J, Liu W, Yu T, Li Z, Zou Z. Adv Funct Mater, 2014, 24: 3535–3542

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  173. Zhong Y, Li Z, Zhao X, Fang T, Huang H, Qian Q, Chang X, Wang P, Yan S, Yu Z, Zou Z. Adv Funct Mater, 2016, 26: 7156–7163

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  174. Li Z, Feng J, Yan S, Zou Z. Nano Today, 2015, 10: 468–486

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  175. Eisenberg D, Ahn HS, Bard AJ. J Am Chem Soc, 2014, 136: 14011–14014

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  176. Huang H, Feng J, Fu H, Zhang B, Fang T, Qian Q, Huang Y, Yan S, Tang J, Li Z, Zou Z. Appl Catal B-Environ, 2018, 226: 111–116

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  177. Haydous F, Si W, Guzenko VA, Waag F, Pomjakushina E, El Kazzi M, Sévery L, Wokaun A, Pergolesi D, Lippert T. J Phys Chem C, 2019, 123: 1059–1068

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  178. Zheng Y, Pan Z, Wang X. Chin J Catal, 2013, 34: 524–535

    Google Scholar 

  179. Wang H, Zhang L, Chen Z, Hu J, Li S, Wang Z, Liu J, Wang X. Chem Soc Rev, 2014, 43: 5234–5244

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  180. Zhang J, Zhang M, Lin S, Fu X, Wang X. J Catal, 2014, 310: 24–30

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  181. Zhang J, Chen Y, Wang X. Energy Environ Sci, 2015, 8: 3092–3108

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  182. Li XH, Wang X, Antonietti M. Chem Sci, 2012, 3: 2170–2174

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  183. Lei Y, Jia H, He W, Zhang Y, Mi L, Hou H, Zhu G, Zheng Z. J Am Chem Soc, 2012, 134: 17392–17395

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  184. Zhang J, Grzelczak M, Hou Y, Maeda K, Domen K, Fu X, Antonietti M, Wang X. Chem Sci, 2012, 3: 443–446

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  185. Zhang J, Zhang M, Sun RQ, Wang X. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2012, 51: 10145–10149

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  186. Chen Y, Zhang J, Zhang M, Wang X. Chem Sci, 2013, 4: 3244–3248

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  187. Lin Z, Wang X. ChemSusChem, 2014, 7: 1547–1550

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  188. Zhang J, Chen X, Takanabe K, Maeda K, Domen K, Epping J, Fu X, Antonietti M, Wang X. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2010, 49: 441–444

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  189. Zheng H-R, Zhang J-S, Wang X-C, Fu X-Z. Acta Physico-Chim Sin, 2012, 28: 2336–2342

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  190. Niu P, Yin LC, Yang YQ, Liu G, Cheng HM. Adv Mater, 2014, 26: 8046–8052

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  191. Lin L, Yu Z, Wang X. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2019, 58: 6164–6175

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  192. Zhou M, Wang S, Yang P, Luo Z, Yuan R, Asiri AM, Wakeel M, Wang X. Chem Eur J, 2018, 24: 18529–18534

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  193. Liu P, Sun N, Liang Y, Chen F. Res Chem Intermed, 2018, 44: 843–857

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  194. Zheng D, Pang C, Liu Y, Wang X. Chem Commun, 2015, 51: 9706–9709

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  195. Maeda K, Kuriki R, Zhang M, Wang X, Ishitani O. J Mater Chem A, 2014, 2: 15146–15151

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  196. Lin L, Ou H, Zhang Y, Wang X. ACS Catal, 2016, 6: 3921–3931

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  197. Zhang H, Lin J, Li Z, Li T, Jia X, Wu XL, Hu S, Lin H, Chen J, Zhu J. Catal Sci Technol, 2019, 9: 502–508

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  198. Ou H, Lin L, Zheng Y, Yang P, Fang Y, Wang X. Adv Mater, 2017, 29: 1700008

    Google Scholar 

  199. Yu Y, Yan W, Wang X, Li P, Gao W, Zou H, Wu S, Ding K. Adv Mater, 2018, 30: 1705060

    Google Scholar 

  200. Ou H, Chen X, Lin L, Fang Y, Wang X. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2018, 57: 8729–8733

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  201. Yu H, Shi R, Zhao Y, Bian T, Zhao Y, Zhou C, Waterhouse GIN, Wu LZ, Tung CH, Zhang T. Adv Mater, 2017, 29: 1605148

    Google Scholar 

  202. Yang P, Zhuzhang H, Wang R, Lin W, Wang X. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2019, 58: 1134–1137

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  203. Yang P, Wang R, Zhou M, Wang X. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2018, 57: 8674–8677

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  204. Mane GP, Talapaneni SN, Lakhi KS, Ilbeygi H, Ravon U, Al-Bahily K, Mori T, Park DH, Vinu A. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2017, 56: 8481–8485

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  205. Ou H, Yang P, Lin L, Anpo M, Wang X. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2017, 56: 10905–10910

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  206. Yang P, Ou H, Fang Y, Wang X. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2017, 56: 3992–3996

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  207. Xiao Y, Tian G, Li W, Xie Y, Jiang B, Tian C, Zhao D, Fu H. J Am Chem Soc, 2019, 141: 2508–2515

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  208. Yang C, Wang B, Zhang L, Yin L, Wang X. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2017, 56: 6627–6631

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  209. Fang Y, Li X, Wang X. ACS Catal, 2018, 8: 8774–8780

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  210. Fang Y, Li X, Wang X. ChemSusChem, 2019, 12: 2605–2608

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  211. Ruan Q, Luo W, Xie J, Wang Y, Liu X, Bai Z, Carmalt CJ, Tang J. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2017, 56: 8221–8225

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  212. Fang Y, Xu Y, Li X, Ma Y, Wang X. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2018, 57: 9749–9753

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  213. Bojdys MJ, Müller JO, Antonietti M, Thomas A. Chem Eur J, 2008, 14: 8177–8182

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  214. Lin L, Wang C, Ren W, Ou H, Zhang Y, Wang X. Chem Sci, 2017, 8: 5506–5511

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  215. Lin L, Ren W, Wang C, Asiri AM, Zhang J, Wang X. Appl Catal B-Environ, 2018, 231: 234–241

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  216. Zhang G, Li G, Lan ZA, Lin L, Savateev A, Heil T, Zafeiratos S, Wang X, Antonietti M. Angew Chem, 2017, 129: 13630–13634

    Google Scholar 

  217. Zhang G, Li G, Heil T, Zafeiratos S, Lai F, Savateev A, Antonietti M, Wang X. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2019, 58: 3433–3437

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  218. Chen Z, Savateev A, Pronkin S, Papaefthimiou V, Wolff C, Willinger MG, Willinger E, Neher D, Antonietti M, Dontsova D. Adv Mater, 2017, 29: 1700555

    Google Scholar 

  219. Peng G, Albero J, Garcia H, Shalom M. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2018, 57: 15807–15811

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  220. Navarro-Aguilar AI, Obregón S, Hernández-Uresti DB, Suárez-de la Cruz J. Res Chem Intermed, 2019, 45: 3865–3878

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  221. Zheng D, Zhang G, Wang X. Appl Catal B-Environ, 2015, 179: 479–488

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  222. Wang Y, Liu X, Liu J, Han B, Hu X, Yang F, Xu Z, Li Y, Jia S, Li Z, Zhao Y. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2018, 57: 5765–5771

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  223. Yu J, Lei J, Wang L, Guillard C, Zhang J, Liu Y, Anpo M. Res Chem Intermed, 2019, 45: 4237–4247

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  224. Huang P, Huang J, Pantovich SA, Carl AD, Fenton TG, Caputo CA, Grimm RL, Frenkel AI, Li G. J Am Chem Soc, 2018, 140: 16042–16047

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  225. Pan Z, Zhang G, Wang X. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2019, 58: 7102–7106

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  226. Wang X. ChemSusChem, 2018, 11: 327–329

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  227. Jiang Z, Wan W, Li H, Yuan S, Zhao H, Wong PK. Adv Mater, 2018, 30: 1706108

    Google Scholar 

  228. Qiu P, Xu C, Zhou N, Chen H, Jiang F. Appl Catal B-Environ, 2018, 221: 27–35

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  229. Wang Y, Bai L, Zhang Z, Qu Y, Jing L. Res Chem Intermed, 2019, 45: 249–259

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  230. Zhang M, Luo Z, Zhou M, Zhang G, Alamry KA, Taib LA, Asiri AM, Wang X. Appl Catal B-Environ, 2017, 210: 454–461

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  231. Yang J, Wang D, Han H, Li C. Acc Chem Res, 2013, 46: 1900–1909

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  232. Indra A, Acharjya A, Menezes PW, Merschjann C, Hollmann D, Schwarze M, Aktas M, Friedrich A, Lochbrunner S, Thomas A, Driess M. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2017, 56: 1653–1657

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  233. Cao Y, Chen S, Luo Q, Yan H, Lin Y, Liu W, Cao L, Lu J, Yang J, Yao T, Wei S. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2017, 56: 12191–12196

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  234. Zhang L, Yang C, Xie Z, Wang X. Appl Catal B-Environ, 2018, 224: 886–894

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  235. Zheng D, Cao XN, Wang X. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2016, 55: 11512–11516

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  236. Zhou Y, Zhang L, Wang W. Nat Commun, 2019, 10: 506

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  237. Cai J, Huang J, Wang S, Iocozzia J, Sun Z, Sun J, Yang Y, Lai Y, Lin Z. Adv Mater, 2019, 31: 1806314

    Google Scholar 

  238. Chen R, Pang S, An H, Zhu J, Ye S, Gao Y, Fan F, Li C. Nat Energy, 2018, 3: 655–663

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  239. Lang X, Ma W, Chen C, Ji H, Zhao J. Acc Chem Res, 2014, 47: 355–363

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  240. Migliore A, Polizzi NF, Therien MJ, Beratan DN. Chem Rev, 2014, 114: 3381–3465

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  241. Huynh MHV, Meyer TJ. Chem Rev, 2007, 107: 5004–5064

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  242. Weinberg DR, Gagliardi CJ, Hull JF, Murphy CF, Kent CA, Westlake BC, Paul A, Ess DH, McCafferty DG, Meyer TJ. Chem Rev, 2012, 112: 4016–4093

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  243. Li Y, Wen B, Ma W, Chen C, Zhao J. Environ Sci Technol, 2012, 46: 5093–5099

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  244. Bui TD, Kimura A, Ikeda S, Matsumura M. J Am Chem Soc, 2010, 132: 8453–8458

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  245. Czili H, Horváth A. Appl Catal B-Environ, 2008, 81: 295–302

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  246. Li Y, Wen B, Yu C, Chen C, Ji H, Ma W, Zhao J. Chem Eur J, 2012, 18: 2030–2039

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  247. Hoffmann MR, Martin ST, Choi W, Bahnemann DW. Chem Rev, 1995, 95: 69–96

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  248. Carraway ER, Hoffman AJ, Hoffmann MR. Environ Sci Technol, 1994, 28: 786–793

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  249. Schwitzgebel J, Ekerdt JG, Gerischer H, Heller A. J Phys Chem, 1995, 99: 5633–5638

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  250. Fox MA, Chen CC, Younathan JNN. J Org Chem, 1984, 49: 1969–1974

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  251. Pang X, Chang W, Chen C, Ji H, Ma W, Zhao J. J Am Chem Soc, 2014, 136: 8714–8721

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  252. Valdez CN, Braten M, Soria A, Gamelin DR, Mayer JM. J Am Chem Soc, 2013, 135: 8492–8495

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  253. Schrauben JN, Hayoun R, Valdez CN, Braten M, Fridley L, Mayer JM. Science, 2012, 336: 1298–1301

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  254. Sheng H, Ji H, Ma W, Chen C, Zhao J. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2013, 52: 9686–9690

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  255. Zhao Y, Ma W, Li Y, Ji H, Chen C, Zhu H, Zhao J. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2012, 51: 3188–3192

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  256. Li YF, Liu ZP, Liu LL, Gao W. J Am Chem Soc, 2010, 132: 13008–13015

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  257. Lazzeri M, Vittadini A, Selloni A. Phys Rev B, 2001, 63: 155409

    Google Scholar 

  258. Blomquist J, Walle LE, Uvdal P, Borg A, Sandell A. J Phys Chem C, 2008, 112: 16616–16621

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  259. Sumita M, Hu C, Tateyama Y. J Phys Chem C, 2010, 114: 18529–18537

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  260. Yang D, Liu H, Zheng Z, Yuan Y, Zhao JC, Waclawik ER, Ke X, Zhu H. J Am Chem Soc, 2009, 131: 17885–17893

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  261. Liu LM, McAllister B, Ye HQ, Hu P. J Am Chem Soc, 2006, 128: 4017–4022

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  262. Tang J, Durrant JR, Klug DR. J Am Chem Soc, 2008, 130: 13885–13891

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  263. Woodhouse M, Parkinson BA. Chem Soc Rev, 2009, 38: 197–210

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  264. Qu Y, Duan X. Chem Soc Rev, 2013, 42: 2568–2580

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  265. Youngblood WJ, Lee SHA, Maeda K, Mallouk TE. Acc Chem Res, 2009, 42: 1966–1973

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  266. Minero C, Mariella G, Maurino V, Pelizzetti E. Langmuir, 2000, 16: 2632–2641

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  267. Bahnemann DW, Hilgendorff M, Memming R. J Phys Chem B, 1997, 101: 4265–4275

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  268. Nakamura R, Nakato Y. J Am Chem Soc, 2004, 126: 1290–1298

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  269. Salvador P. J Phys Chem C, 2007, 111: 17038–17043

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  270. Wang Q, Chen C, Zhao D, Ma W, Zhao J. Langmuir, 2008, 24: 7338–7345

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  271. Sheng H, Li Q, Ma W, Ji H, Chen C, Zhao J. Appl Catal B-Environ, 2013, 138-139: 212–218

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  272. Sivula K, Le Formal F, Grätzel M. ChemSusChem, 2011, 4: 432–449

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  273. Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Chen C, Che Y, Ji H, Ma W, Zhang J, Song D, Zhao J. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2014, 6: 12844–12851

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  274. Sheng H, Zhang H, Song W, Ji H, Ma W, Chen C, Zhao J. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2015, 54: 5905–5909

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  275. Zhang H, Zhou P, Chen Z, Song W, Ji H, Ma W, Chen C, Zhao J. J Phys Chem C, 2017, 121: 2251–2257

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  276. Klahr B, Gimenez S, Fabregat-Santiago F, Bisquert J, Hamann TW. Energy Environ Sci, 2012, 5: 7626–7636

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  277. Upul Wijayantha KG, Saremi-Yarahmadi S, Peter LM. Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2011, 13: 5264–5270

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  278. Zhang Y, Zhang H, Ji H, Ma W, Chen C, Zhao J. J Am Chem Soc, 2016, 138: 2705–2711

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  279. Shaffer DW, Xie Y, Concepcion JJ. Chem Soc Rev, 2017, 46: 6170–6193

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  280. Romain S, Vigara L, Llobet A. Acc Chem Res, 2009, 42: 1944–1953

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  281. Zhang M, de Respinis M, Frei H. Nat Chem, 2014, 6: 362–367

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  282. Zhang Y, Zhang H, Liu A, Chen C, Song W, Zhao J. J Am Chem Soc, 2018, 140: 3264–3269

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  283. Chen C, Shi T, Chang W, Zhao J. ChemCatChem, 2015, 7: 724–731

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21425309, U1905214, 21761132002, 2170304, 21861130353), the National Key Reasearch and Development Program of China (2018YFA0209301), the Chang Jiang Scholars Program of China (T2016147), and the 111 Project (D16008). Yun Zheng thanks the support of the Scientific Research Funds of Huaqiao University (600005-Z17Y0060, 605-50Y17060), the Open Project Program of the State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment of Fuzhou University (SKLPEE-KF201803), the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2017J01014) and the Graphene Power and Composite Research Center of Fujian Province (2017H2001).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, China

    Yuanxing Fang & Xinchen Wang

  2. Key Laboratory of Molecular Designing and Green Conversions, Fujian Province University, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China

    Yun Zheng

  3. Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China

    Tao Fang, Yong Chen, Yaodong Zhu, Qing Liang & Zhaosheng Li

  4. Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China

    Hua Sheng & Chuncheng Chen

  5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Hua Sheng & Chuncheng Chen

Authors
  1. Yuanxing Fang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yun Zheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Tao Fang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yong Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Yaodong Zhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Qing Liang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Hua Sheng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Zhaosheng Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Chuncheng Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Xinchen Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Zhaosheng Li, Chuncheng Chen or Xinchen Wang.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Fang, Y., Zheng, Y., Fang, T. et al. Photocatalysis: an overview of recent developments and technological advancements. Sci. China Chem. 63, 149–181 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-019-9655-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11426-019-9655-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation