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The cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase CRK28 modulates Arabidopsis growth and development and influences abscisic acid responses

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Abstract

Main conclusion

CRK28, a cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase, plays a role in root organogenesis and overall growth of plants and antagonizes abscisic acid response in seed germination and primary root growth.

Abstract

Receptor-like kinases (RLK) orchestrate development and adaptation to environmental changes in plants. One of the largest RLK groups comprises cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs), for which the function of most members remains unknown. In this report, we show that the loss of function of CRK28 led to the formation of roots that are longer and more branched than the parental (Col-0) plantlets, and this correlates with an enhanced domain of the mitotic reporter CycB1:uidA in primary root meristems, whereas CRK28 overexpressing lines had the opposite phenotype, including slow root growth and reduced lateral root formation. Epidermal cell analyses revealed that crk28 mutants had reduced root hair length and increased trichome number, whereas 35S::CRK28 lines present primary roots with longer root hairs but lesser trichomes in leaves. The overall growth in soil of crk28 mutant and CRK28 overexpressing lines was reduced or enhanced, respectively, when compared to the parental (Col-0) seedlings, while germination, root growth and expression analyses of ABI3 and ABI5 further showed that CRK28 modulates ABA responses, which may be important to fine-tune plant morphogenesis. Our study unravels the participation of RLK signaling in root growth and epidermal cell differentiation.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología Grant 177775, the Consejo de la Investigación Científica UMSNH Grant 2.26, and a Marcos Moshinsky fellowship to JLB.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria, Edif. B3, 58040, Morelia, MICH, Mexico

    Ramón Pelagio-Flores, Edith Muñoz-Parra, Salvador Barrera-Ortiz & José López-Bucio

  2. Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología A. C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, 91070, Xalapa, VER, Mexico

    Randy Ortiz-Castro

  3. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Universidad s/n, Fracc. Filadelfia, 35010, Gómez Palacio, DGO, Mexico

    Jorge Saenz-Mata

  4. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular de Plantas, División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí, Mexico

    María Azucena Ortega-Amaro & Juan Francisco Jiménez-Bremont

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  1. Ramón Pelagio-Flores
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425_2019_3296_MOESM1_ESM.tif

Supplementary figure 1. Expression of CRK28 gene in crk28 mutant and 35S::CRK28 overexpression lines. (a) Schematic representation of T-DNA insertion site (black triangle) at first exon in the Salk_085178 mutant line. Exons are shown in blue rectangles, and introns in solid lines. RT-PCR analysis of CRK28 gene in control and crk28 mutant plants; UBQ5 gene was used as loading control. (b) Schematic representation of the 35S::CRK28 construct in pMDC32 binary vector. RB, right border for T-DNA integration; 2 × 35S, cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter; attB1 and attB2 sites for recombination; A. thaliana CRK28 gDNA; nos T, nopaline synthase terminator region; HPTII, hygromycin resistance gene; LB, left border for T-DNA integration. qRT-PCR expression levels of CRK28 in the Arabidopsis overexpression lines is represented as normalized fold change, and was calculated comparing the target gene expression with a control (Col-0), after normalization to the Arabidopsis UBQ5 gene using the (2−ΔΔCt) method. Bars represent mean ± SE (n = 3) of two experimental replicates (TIFF 200 kb)

425_2019_3296_MOESM2_ESM.tif

Supplementary figure 2. Expression of CycB1:uidA in lateral root primordia of WT, crk28 and 35S:CRK28 seedlings. Seedlings were grown for 7 days on MS0.2x solidified medium under standard growth conditions, and then stained for GUS expression. Representative photographs show the expression of CycB1:uidA at different stages of development of LRP. Representative pictures were selected from at least 10 seedlings analyzed (Scale bar = 50 μm) (TIFF 6161 kb)

425_2019_3296_MOESM3_ESM.tif

Supplementary figure 3. Effect of low concentrations of abscisic acid on primary root length of wild-type (Col-0), crk28 and 35S:CRK28 seedlings. Arabidopsis WT, crk28 and 35S:CRK28 seedlings were germinated and grown for 3 days on MS 0.2x medium and then transferred to fresh medium with or without 1 or 2 µM ABA. Seven-days after transfer, primary root length was analyzed. Bars represent the means and SE from 10 seedlings. Different letters indicate statistical differences at P<0.05. The experiment was repeated three times with similar results (TIFF 358 kb)

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Pelagio-Flores, R., Muñoz-Parra, E., Barrera-Ortiz, S. et al. The cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase CRK28 modulates Arabidopsis growth and development and influences abscisic acid responses. Planta 251, 2 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-019-03296-y

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