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Resolution of Crohn’s disease

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Abstract

Crohn’s disease (CD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and represents one of the main inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) forms. The infiltration of immune cells into the mucosa and uncontrolled production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other mediators trigger the chronic inflammatory reaction in the intestine [1]. The inflammatory setting consists of subsequent events that comprise an induction phase, the peak of inflammation which is subsequently followed by the resolution phase. The induction phase, which represents the first phase of inflammation, is important for the rapid and efficient activation of the immune system for sufficient host defense. The permanent sensing of exogenous or endogenous danger signals enables the fast initiation of the inflammatory reaction. The immune cell infiltrate initiates an inflammatory cascade where released lipid and protein mediators play an indispensable role [2, 3]. The last decades of research strongly suggest that resolution of inflammation is similarly a tightly coordinated and active process. The basic concept that resolution of inflammation has to be regarded as an active process has been thoroughly described by others [4,5,6]. The following review focuses on mechanisms, pathways, and specific mediators that are actively involved in the resolution of inflammation in CD.

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Funding

CRC1181 Project C02 (R.A., C.N.) and DFG-SFB/TRR241 Project No. C02 (R.A.) are funded by the German Research Council DFG. The German Research Council DFG funds the Heisenberg Professorship of R.A.

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  1. First Department of Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Germany

    Heike Schmitt, Clemens Neufert, Markus F. Neurath & Raja Atreya

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Correspondence to Raja Atreya.

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This article is a contribution to the special issue on Resolution of Inflammation in Chronic Diseases - Guest Editor: Markus Neurath

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Schmitt, H., Neufert, C., Neurath, M.F. et al. Resolution of Crohn’s disease. Semin Immunopathol 41, 737–746 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-019-00756-1

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