Abstract
Erythrina fusca is a dominant species in the Brazilian Pantanal. We hypothesized that E. fusca possess allelopathic potential and we evaluated effects of extracts on germination and development of Lactuca sativa, a bioindicator species. We tested the effect of leaves, bark, roots, and seeds extracts of E. fusca on germination and speed index, using high, moderate and low concentration (0.2, 1 and 5 mg mL–1). To evaluate effects on development, we subjected seedlings of L. sativa to the same treatments and measured root and aerial part length. High concentration of extracts reduced L. sativa germination; leaves extract caused the maximum reduction on germination of L. sativa, similar to 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D); this extract has flavonoids and saponins as main compounds, classes that also occur in the bark and roots extracts in lower concentrations; bark and roots (5 mg mL–1), leaves and roots (1 mg mL–1) decreased these traits as well, but in lower magnitude. A significant reduction in root length was induced by highest concentration of all extracts (5 mg mL–1); the results suggest that erythrinic alkaloids should interfere in the root length once the seeds accumulate almost exclusively this class of compounds. Our results showed that all parts of E. fusca had adverse effects on germination or development of L. sativa, showing that different class of compounds secondary metabolites is involved in this activity. Possibly, this phytotoxicity influences monodominance of E. fusca in Pantanal, but studies are essential to evaluate effects of it on other native species.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio) for support. Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação (PPGEC) for financial support. We thank Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), which provided scholarships to DG. This work was supported by Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Áreas Úmidas (INAU) funded by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico and Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (CNPq no. 573990/2008-5). We thank Êmelli LF de Souza for the help during the experiments. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for their important contributions during the paper submission process.
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Gris, D., Boaretto, A.G., Marques, M.R. et al. Secondary metabolites that could contribute to the monodominance of Erythrina fusca in the Brazilian Pantanal. Ecotoxicology 28, 1232–1240 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-019-02133-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-019-02133-y