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Shear wave elastography correlates with liver fibrosis scores in pediatric patients with liver disease

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Abstract

Background

While liver biopsy remains the gold standard, given the procedure risks and sampling errors, there is a need for reliable noninvasive biomarkers of hepatic fibrosis.

Objective

Determine the accuracy of two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2-D SWE) in predicting the histological severity of liver fibrosis in pediatric patients with known or suspected liver disease.

Materials and methods

Subjects 0–18 years old with known or suspected liver disease and liver biopsy within 30 days (n=70) were included. Comparisons by 2-D SWE were made to a control group (n=79). Two-dimensional SWE was performed using the GE LOGIQ E9 system. Liver biopsy specimens were scored according to METAVIR and Ishak scoring systems using Spearman’s Rho correlation. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted.

Results

Control group median 2-D SWE measurements were lower than in subjects with any degree of liver fibrosis (P<0.001). Those with METAVIR F0 and Ishak 0 scores had significantly lower median 2-D SWE measurements (1.35 m/s; 1.36 m/s) than those with more advanced liver disease (F1-F3: 1.49–1.62 m/s; 1–4: 1.45–1.63 m/s) (P<0.05 for all), whereas the 2-D SWE in the higher scores were similar. Results did not differ between METAVIR and Ishak scores for any degree of fibrosis. Fibrosis scores moderately correlated with median 2-D SWE measurements (rs=0.43). The area under the curve for F1 compared to combined control/F0 was 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83–0.95; P<0.001) with sensitivity of 94.6% and specificity of 78.6%. Results for Ishak score 1 were similar. The ideal cutoff value for identifying fibrosis was determined to be 1.29 m/s.

Conclusion

The liver 2-D SWE measurements correlated with the histological liver fibrosis scores, regardless of the histopathological scoring system, although 2-D SWE was better at identifying patients with early fibrosis, not at distinguishing among the individual fibrosis levels. Two-dimensional SWE using the GE LOGIQ US system is useful for identifying pediatric patients at risk for liver fibrosis.

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Acknowledgments

Funding support was provided by the Society for Pediatric Radiology Research and Education Foundation, the Thrasher Research Fund, GE Healthcare and the St. Louis University School of Medicine Department of Pediatrics in association with the Cardinal Glennon Foundation (Fleur de Lis and Signature Fund grants). GE Healthcare also provided a LOGIQ E9 system for use during the study period.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children’s Hospital and St. Louis University School of Medicine, 3635 Vista Avenue at Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA

    Shannon G. Farmakis

  2. Center of Health Outcomes Research, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Paula M. Buchanan

  3. Department of Pathology, SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children’s Hospital and St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Miguel A. Guzman

  4. Department of Radiology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Anna K. Hardy

  5. Department of Gastroenterology, SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children’s Hospital and St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Ajay K. Jain & Jeffrey H. Teckman

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  1. Shannon G. Farmakis
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Correspondence to Shannon G. Farmakis.

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Conflicts of interest

Dr. Farmakis has research grants from GE Healthcare and Guerbet, LLC, and is a consultant for GE Precision Healthcare, LLC. Dr. Jain is a consultant and speaker for Alexion Pharmaceuticals.

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Farmakis, S.G., Buchanan, P.M., Guzman, M.A. et al. Shear wave elastography correlates with liver fibrosis scores in pediatric patients with liver disease. Pediatr Radiol 49, 1742–1753 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-019-04493-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-019-04493-3

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