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Characterization of Calibrated Gelatin Sponge Particles in a Rabbit Renal Embolization Model

  • Laboratory Investigation
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Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the level of artery occlusion, degradation periods, tissue response and vessel recanalization of calibrated gelatin sponge particles after segmental renal artery embolization.

Materials and Methods

Superselective embolization of 14 adult rabbits was performed with calibrated gelatin sponge particles (150–350 μm). Two rabbits were killed immediately after the procedure (day 0). One pair of rabbits was killed on each of the following days: 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56. One rabbit from each pair underwent CT angiography before embolization and killing. The pathologic changes of the embolized renal parenchyma and embolic characteristics of calibrated gelatin sponge particles were evaluated histologically and angiographically.

Results

Calibrated gelatin sponge particles were distally located in interlobular artery with a dense packing on day 0. The level of occlusion paralleled the size of the particles. Partial degradation of the particles was observed on day 3, and complete degradation was observed on day 14. Vessel recanalization was observed through both CTA and histological analysis starting on day 3. Vascular inflammation responding to gelatin sponge particles was mild and subsided with the degradation of the particles. On day 28 and day 56, attenuation of embolized vessels occurred due to marked intimal proliferation, and vascular occlusion developed.

Conclusions

Gelatin sponge particles of 150–350 μm produced dense and distal embolization, and were resorbed before day 14 with a mild tissue reaction. Vessel recanalization occurred secondary to the resorption of gelatin sponge particles, but permanent vascular occlusion developed due to marked intimal hyperplasia after day 28.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Wenlin Fan, from department of Radiology at Drexel University College of Medicine, Hahnemann University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, for the assistance in preparing the final version of our manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, People’s Republic of China

    Yongsheng Ye, Yimin Ren, Jianxun He, Zhiwei Zhong & Xiaomei Wu

  2. Department of Interventional Therapy, Dongguan People’s Hospital, Dongguan, 523059, People’s Republic of China

    Hanqiang Zeng

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  1. Yongsheng Ye
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  2. Yimin Ren
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  3. Hanqiang Zeng
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Correspondence to Xiaomei Wu.

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All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. All procedures performed in studies involving animals were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution or practice at which the studies were conducted.

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Ye, Y., Ren, Y., Zeng, H. et al. Characterization of Calibrated Gelatin Sponge Particles in a Rabbit Renal Embolization Model. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 42, 1183–1191 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-019-02224-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-019-02224-7

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