Abstract
This study comprised two experiments: (1) the reliability of a novel optical three-dimensional (3D) volumetric measurement system (BODYTRONIC® 600) for the assessment of lower limb circumference and volume; (2) the comparison of data obtained from BODYTRONIC® 600 with that provided by computed tomography (CT) for accuracy estimation. Reliability was assessed in 20 healthy subjects. Accuracy was determined by comparing the deviations in the surface topology of two 3D models obtained from BODYTRONIC® 600 and CT. Reliability was very high for leg circumference measures [coefficient of variations (CVs) range 0.3%–1.3%] and slightly lower for foot circumference (CVs around 2.0%). Reliability of leg volume was also found to be very high (CVs ≤ 2.5%). Differences in surface topology between BODYTRONIC® 600 and CT were primarily below 1 mm indicating high accuracy. The volumes of the foot were higher (range 0.9%–1.7%) and that of the leg, lower (range 1.0%–1.3%) compared to CT. The BODYTRONIC® 600 system provides fast, highly reliable and accurate measures of lower limb circumference and volume and can be considered as a valuable measurement tool for use in various research and clinical applications.
Author Statement
Research funding: Authors state no funding involved.
Conflict of interest: Authors state no conflict of interest.
Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from every participant.
Ethical approval: The study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of the University of Rostock.
References
[1] Perrin M, Guex JJ. Edema and leg volume: methods of assessment. Angiology 2000;51:9–12.10.1177/000331970005100103Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[2] Sanders JE, Fatone S. Residual limb volume change: systematic review of measurement and management. J Rehabil Res Dev 2011;48:949–86.10.1682/JRRD.2010.09.0189Search in Google Scholar
[3] Hameeteman M, Verhulst AC, Vreeken RD, Maal TJ, Ulrich DJ. 3D stereophotogrammetry in upper-extremity lymphedema: an accurate diagnostic method. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2016;69:241–7.10.1016/j.bjps.2015.10.011Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[4] Ohberg F, Zachrisson A, Holmner-Rocklov A. Three-dimensional camera system for measuring arm volume in women with lymphedema following breast cancer treatment. Lymphat Res Biol 2014;12:267–74.10.1089/lrb.2014.0026Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[5] Friends J, Augustine E, Danoff J. A comparison of different assessment techniques for measuring foot and ankle volume in healthy adults. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2008;98:85–94.10.7547/0980085Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[6] Yahathugoda C, Weiler MJ, Rao R, De Silva L, Dixon JB, Weerasooriya MV, et al. Use of a novel portable three-dimensional imaging system to measure limb volume and circumference in patients with filarial lymphedema. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2017;97:1836–42.10.4269/ajtmh.17-0504Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[7] Atkinson G, Nevill AM. Statistical methods for assessing measurement error (reliability) in variables relevant to sports medicine. Sports Med 1998;26:217–38.10.2165/00007256-199826040-00002Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[8] Hopkins WG. Spreadsheets for analysis of validity and reliability. Sportsci 2015;19:26–42.Search in Google Scholar
[9] Hopkins WG. Measures of reliability in sports medicine and science. Sports Med 2000;30:1–15.10.2165/00007256-200030010-00001Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[10] Brijker F, Heijdra YF, Van Den Elshout FJ, Bosch FH, Folgering HT. Volumetric measurements of peripheral oedema in clinical conditions. Clin Physiol 2000;20:56–61.10.1046/j.1365-2281.2000.00224.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
[11] Engelberger RP, Blazek C, Amsler F, Keo HH, Baumann F, Blattler W, et al. Reproducibility and day time bias correction of optoelectronic leg volumetry: a prospective cohort study. BMC Med Res Methodol 2011;11:138.10.1186/1471-2288-11-138Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
[12] Mayrovitz HN, Sims N, Macdonald J. Assessment of limb volume by manual and automated methods in patients with limb edema or lymphedema. Adv Skin Wound Care 2000;13:272–6.Search in Google Scholar
[13] Man IO, Markland KL, Morrissey MC. The validity and reliability of the Perometer in evaluating human knee volume. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2004;24:352–8.10.1111/j.1475-097X.2004.00577.xSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
[14] Rabe E, Stucker M, Ottillinger B. Water displacement leg volumetry in clinical studies – a discussion of error sources. BMC Med Res Methodol 2010;10:5.10.1186/1471-2288-10-5Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
©2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
