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Opioids in Preclinical and Clinical Trials

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Chemistry of Opioids

Part of the book series: Topics in Current Chemistry ((TOPCURRCHEM,volume 299))

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Shionogi reports Financial Results for the Third Quarter of Fiscal Year 2009, Shionogi Press Release 2010, February 1.

  2. 2.

    The VAS test consisted of a 100-mm horizontal line without scale markings. The patients were asked to mark the intensity of itching on the scale, where the right end of the line (100 mm) indicated the strongest possible itching and the left end (0 mm) indicated no itching. The VAS has been widely accepted as a quantitative index of subjective sensations like pain and itching.

Abbreviations

AAW:

Acetic acid writhing

ADME:

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

ADR:

Adverse drug reaction

β-FNA:

β-Funaltrexamine

BBB:

Blood–brain barrier

BNTX:

7-Benzylidenenaltrexone

cLog P:

Calculated log P

CNS:

Central nervous system

CTOP:

H-d-Phe-Cys-Tyr-d-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2

DAMGO:

[d-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly-ol5]enkephalin

DPDPE:

[d-Pen2, d-Pen5]enkephalin

DSLET:

Tyr-d-Ser-Gly-Phe-Leu-Thr

GPI:

Guinea pig ileum

HPLC:

High-performance liquid chromatography

i.c.:

Intracisternal

i.d.:

Intradermal

i.p.:

Intraperitoneal

i.t.:

Intrathecal

MVD:

Mouse vas deferens

nor-BNI:

nor-Binaltorphimine

NTI:

Naltrindole

PBS:

Phosphate-buffered saline

p.o.:

Peroral

SAR:

Structure–activity relationship

s.c.:

Subcutaneous

S.E.M.:

Standard error of the mean

TF:

Tail flick

VAS:

Visual analog scale

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan

    Hiroshi Nagase & Hideaki Fujii

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  1. Hiroshi Nagase
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  2. Hideaki Fujii
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Correspondence to Hiroshi Nagase .

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  1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dept. Medicinal Chemistry, Kitasato University, Sirokane 5-9-1, Tokyo, 108-8641, Japan

    Hiroshi Nagase

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Nagase, H., Fujii, H. (2010). Opioids in Preclinical and Clinical Trials. In: Nagase, H. (eds) Chemistry of Opioids. Topics in Current Chemistry, vol 299. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/128_2010_74

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