Generic placeholder image

Recent Patents on Nanotechnology

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1872-2105
ISSN (Online): 2212-4020

Research Article

Preparation of Tubular Forest-like and Other Carbon Structures Using Distinct Carbon Sources and Catalyst Concentrations

Author(s): Beatriz O. García, Oxana V. Kharissova*, H.V. Rasika Dias and Boris I. Kharisov

Volume 14, Issue 2, 2020

Page: [153 - 162] Pages: 10

DOI: 10.2174/1872210513666191107142221

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: In this work, various carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthetized by the spray pyrolysis method. Resulting nanoforest-like and bamboo-like carbon nanotubes, as well as Yjunctions of carbon nanotubes, possess different shapes and morphology, depending on the kind of carbon source used and on the number of iron particles on the furnace tube surface, which derives from various concentrations of ferrocene catalyst.

Methods: We used the spray pyrolysis method, using different carbon sources (n-pentane, n-hexane, nheptane, and acrylonitrile) as precursors and two different concentrations of ferrocene as a catalyst. Reactions of hydrocarbon decomposition were carried out at 800oC. The solution (hydrocarbon and catalyst) was introduced with a syringe, with a flow of 1 mL/min and the synthesis time of 20 min. Argon was used as carrier gas (1000 L/min). Preheater and oven temperatures were selected 180°C and 800°C, respectively, for each carbon source. The solution passed into a quartz tube placed in an oven.

Results: According to the studies of carbon nanostructures, obtained from different precursors, it can be proposed that the structures synthesized from n-pentane, n-hexane and n-heptane are formed by the root growth method. The growth mechanism of MWCNTs was studied, confirming that the root growth formation of products takes place, whose parameters also depend on furnace temperature and gas flow rate. Dependence of interlayer distance (0.34-0.50 nm) in the formed MWCNTs on precursors and reaction conditions is also elucidated. The formation of carbon nanotubes does not merely depend on carbon precursors but also has strong correlations with such growth conditions as different catalyst concentrations, furnace temperature and gas flow rate. Such parameters as the amount of catalyst and synthesis time are also needed to be considered, since they are important to find minor values of these parameters in the synthesis of forest-like carbon nanotubes and other structures such as bamboo-like carbon nanotubes and Y-junctions in carbon nanotubes.

Conclusion: As a result of the evaluation of interlayer distance in CNTs formed from different carbon sources, a standard value of interlayer distance normally for CNTs is 0.34 nm and for pentane A (0.5 wt.%), hexane B (1 wt.%), toluene A (0.5 wt.%) the range is from 0.33 to 0.35 nm. In case of pentane and acrylonitrile, under an increase of the catalyst concentration, an increase of the value of interlayer distance takes place from 0.35 and 0.4 to 0.4 and 0.5 nm, respectively, but for hexane, heptane and cyclohexane, an increase of the catalyst concentration maintains the same interlayer distance. This involves the use of lower quantities of raw materials and, therefore less cost for obtaining these materials.

Keywords: Carbon nanotubes, spray pyrolysis, nanoforests, catalyst concentrations, interlayer distance, nanovegetation.

Graphical Abstract
[1]
Zhang YB, Lau SP. Field emission from nanoforest carbon nanotubes grown on cobalt-containing amorphous carbon composite films. J Appl Phys 2007; 101(3) : 033524/1.
[2]
Xue C-H, Wang RL, Zhang L, Jia ST, Tian LQ. Growth of ZnO nanorod forests and characterization of ZnO-coated nylon fibers. Mater Lett 2010; 64(3): 327-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2009.11.005]
[3]
Hassan FMB, Nanjo H, Venkatachalam S, Kanakubo M, Ebina T. Effect of the solvent on growth of titania nanotubes prepared by anodization of Ti in HCl. Electrochim Acta 2010; 55(9): 3130-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2010.01.034]
[4]
Reches M, Gazit E. Controlled patterning of aligned self-assembled peptide nanotubes. Nat Nanotechnol 2006; 1(3): 195-200.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2006.139] [PMID: 18654186]
[5]
Zhang Q, Zhou W, Qian W, et al. Synchronous growth of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes with pristine stress in the heterogeneous catalysis process. J Phys Chem C 2007; 111: 14638-43.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp073218h]
[6]
Pinault M, Pichot V, Khodja H, Launois P, Reynaud C, Mayne-L’Hermite M. Evidence of sequential lift in growth of aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube multilayers. Nano Lett 2005; 5(12): 2394-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl051472k] [PMID: 16351184]
[7]
Xiang R, Luo G, Yang Z, Zhang Q, Qian W, Wei F. Temperature effect on the substrate selectivity of carbon nanotube growth in floating chemical vapor deposition. nanotechnology. 2007; 18 415703/1-.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/18/41/415703]
[8]
Yang Z, Nie H, Zhou X, Yao Z, Huang S, Chen X. Synthesizing a well-aligned carbon nanotube forest with high quality via the nebulized spray pyrolysis method by optimizing ultrasonic frequency. Nano 2011; 6: 343-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S1793292011002640]
[9]
Hayashi N, Honda S-I, Tsui K, et al. Highly aligned carbon nanotube arrays fabricated by bias sputtering. Appl Surf Sci 2003; 212-213: 393-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-4332(03)00121-1]
[10]
Du C, Pan N. High power density supercapacitor electrodes of carbon nanotube films by electrophoretic deposition. Nanotechnology 2006; 17(21): 5314-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/17/21/005]
[11]
Shekhar S, Stokes P, Khondaker SI. Ultrahigh density alignment of carbon nanotube arrays by dielectrophoresis. ACS Nano 2011; 5(3): 1739-46.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nn102305z] [PMID: 21323326]
[12]
Diao P, Liu Z. Vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes by chemical assembly-methodology, properties, and applications. Adv Mater 2010; 22(13): 1430-49.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200903592] [PMID: 20437493]
[13]
Chen H, Roy A, Baek J-B, Zhu L, Qu J, Dai L. Controlled growth and modification of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes for multifunctional applications. Mater Sci Eng Rep 2010; 70: 63-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mser.2010.06.003]
[14]
Daraio C, Nesterenko VF, Jin S. Impact response by a foamlike forest of coiled carbon nano-tubes. J Appl Phys 2006; 100 064309/1.
[15]
Taki Y, Kikuchi M, Shinohara K, Tanaka A. Selective Growth of Vertically Aligned Single, Double, and Triple-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Radiation-Heated Chemical Vapor Deposition. Jpn J Appl Phys 2008; 47: 721-4.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/JJAP.47.721]
[16]
Cassell AM, Meyyappan M, Han J. Multilayer film assembly of carbon nanotubes. J Nanopart Res 2000; 2: 387-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010026608660]
[17]
Li X, Cao A, Jung YJ, Vajtai R, Ajayan PM. Bottom-up growth of carbon nanotube multilayers: unprecedented growth. Nano Lett 2005; 5(10): 1997-2000.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl051486q] [PMID: 16218725]
[18]
Huang S, Dai L, Mau AWH. Nanotube “crop circles”. J Mater Chem 1999; 9: 1221-2.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a901839e]
[19]
Tan CK, Loh KP, John TTL. Direct amperometric detection of glucose on a multiple-branching carbon nanotube forest. Analyst (Lond) 2008; 133(4): 448-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b719914g] [PMID: 18365112]
[20]
Li S, Li H, Wang X, et al. Super-hydrophobicity of large-area honeycomb-like aligned carbon nanotubes. J Phys Chem B 2002; 106: 9274-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp0209401]
[21]
Rakov EG. Materials made of carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotube forest. Russ Chem Rev 2013; 82(6): 53866.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/RC2013v082n06ABEH004340]
[22]
Mayne M, Porterat D, Frédéric Schuster F. Method and device for deposition by pyrolysis of carbon nanotubes or nanotube carbon doped with nitrogen. patent es2365705t3, 2002.
[23]
Ryu Sang Hyo, Sung Choi. Process for preparing catalyst composition for the synthesis of carbon nanotube with high yields using the spray pyrolysis method Patent KR101241034B1 2010.
[24]
Ryu S-h, Sung H-k, Choi ND, Lee WS, Kim DH. Process for Preparing Catalyst for Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes using Atomizing Pyrolysis Method Patent KR100913369B1 2007.
[25]
Gwangbeom kim. The fabrication method of carbon nanotube thin film Patent KR100680008B1 2004.
[26]
Guo Huajun, Meng Kui, Su Mingru, et al. A method for preparing silicon/carbon composite negative electrode material polyhydric 2013.
[27]
Pinault M, Delmas M, Mayne L'hermite M. Growth of carbon nanotubes on carbon or metal substrates. patent ep2254830b1, 2008.
[28]
A spray pyrolysis - Preparation of pressing the carbon nano-tube reinforced alumina matrix composites method Patent CN109020590A 2018.
[29]
Bowie Zhao, Wenmin Fang, Dong Yi, Jianhong Chen Xiangyang. Preparation method for carbon nanotube-load graphene-copper nanoparticle composite flexible conductive film. patent cn108461177a2018.
[30]
Ryu, Sang Hyo, Sung Hyun Chung Chung, Heon Kim. Method for manufacturing multi-wall carbon nanotubes using continuous type process. patent wo2018160041a1, 2018.
[31]
Kunadiana I, Andrews R, Qian D, Mengü MP. Growth kinetics of MWCNTs synthesized by a continuous-feed CVD method. Carbon 2009; 47: 384-95.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2008.10.022]
[32]
Martin-Gullon I, Vera J, Conesa JA, González L, Merino C. Differences between carbon nanofibers produced using Fe and Ni catalysts in a floating catalyst reactor. Carbon 2006; 44: 1572-80.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2005.12.027]
[33]
Collins PG. Defects and disorder in carbon nanotubes. In: Oxford Handbook of Nanoscience and Technology. Frontiers and Advances 2009.
[34]
Collins Wei, Li Feng Li, Hong Dong, Ming . Preparing a carbon nanotube-coated ceramic. patent cn105819897b 2016.
[35]
Hashim DP, Ajayan PM, Terrones M. Methods of synthesizing three-dimensional heteroatom-doped carbon nanotube macro materials and compositions thereof Patent US20120238021A1 2011.
[36]
Flahaut E, Bacsa R, Peigney A, Laurent C. Gram-scale CCVD synthesis of double-walled carbon nanotubes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2003; (12): 1442-3.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b301514a] [PMID: 12841282]
[37]
Edwards ER, Antunes EF, Botelho EC, Baldan MR, Corat EJ. Evaluation of residual iron in carbon nanotubes purified by acid treatments. Appl Surf Sci 2011; 258: 641-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.07.032]
[38]
Singh C, Shaffer MSP, Windle AH. Production of controlled architectures of aligned carbon nanotubes by an injection chemical vapour deposition method. Carbon 2003; 41: 359-68.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(02)00314-7]
[39]
Malabari ZO, Atieh MA, Rabbani FA. Catalytic method for multi-wall carbon nanotubes. patent us10179739b2, 2015.
[40]
Mishra A, Daraio C, Raney JR. Method for controlling microstructural arrangement of nominally-aligned arrays of carbon nanotubes. patent us20140205829a1 2013.
[41]
Malaibari ZO, Atieh MA, Rabbani FA. Ferrocene catalyzed method for preparing carbon nanotubes. US Patent 9988275 2018.
[42]
Kharisov BI, Oliva González CM, Serrano Quezada T, Gómez de la Fuente I, Longoria F. Materials and nanomaterials for the removal of heavy oil components. J Petrol Sci Eng 2017; 156: 971-82.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2017.06.065]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy