Understanding the physiological role of retinol-binding protein in vitamin A metabolism using transgenic and knockout mouse models
Section snippets
Vitamin A metabolism and function
Vitamin A plays an essential role in maintaining mammalian health. It is required for many crucial biological functions such as vision, reproduction, growth and immunity (Goodman, 1984; Napoli, 1996). Since animals are incapable of vitamin A synthesis, all retinoids within the body (vitamin A and its metabolites) must be obtained from the diet as preformed vitamin A (retinyl esters, retinol and a very small amount of retinoic acid) from animal products or as provitamin A carotenoids from fruits
The role of RBP in vision
The visual cycle is driven by retinal derived from circulating retinol (Goodman, 1984; Wald, 1968). Within the retina, photoreceptor function depends on a specific vitamin A metabolite, 11-cis-retinal (Wald, 1968) which forms a Shiff’s base with photoreceptor opsin to generate the visual pigment rhodopsin. Photoisomerization of the chromophore from 11-cis to all-trans-retinal is the initial event of the visual cycle. This light-catalized isomerization induces a conformational change in opsin
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