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HMGB1: an overview of its versatile roles in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer

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Abstract

Background

In recent years, the high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein, a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule, has been found to play multifunctional roles in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Although much attention has been given to the diagnostic and prognostic values of HMGB1 in colorectal cancer, the exact functional roles of the protein as well as the mechanistic pathways involved have remained poorly defined. This systematic review aims to discuss what is currently known about the roles of HMGB1 in colorectal cancer development, growth and progression, and to highlight critical areas for future investigations. To achieve this, the bibliographic databases Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and ScienceDirect were systematically screened for articles from inception till June 2018, which address associations of HMGB1 with colorectal cancer.

Conclusions

HMGB1 plays multiple roles in promoting the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, despite a few contradicting studies. HMGB1 may differentially regulate disease-related processes, depending on the redox status of the protein in colorectal cancer. Binding of HMGB1 to various protein partners may alter the impact of HMGB1 on disease progression. As HMGB1 is heavily implicated in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, it is crucial to further improve our understanding of the functional roles of HMGB1 not only in colorectal cancer, but ultimately in all types of cancers.

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Acknowledgements

All authors would like to thank Thanusha Ganesan for her kind assistance and contributions.

Funding

This research was supported by the University of Malaya Research Fund Assistance (BKP) (Grant no. BK021–2018).

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Author notes

  1. Kim Jun Cheng and Zaridatul Aini Ibrahim contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Kim Jun Cheng, Mohammed Abdullah Alshawsh, Elsa Haniffah Mejia Mohamed, Ajantha Sinniah & Zaridatul Aini Ibrahim

  2. Paediatric Department, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Road, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, UK

    Surendran Thavagnanam

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  1. Kim Jun Cheng
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Supplementary Fig. 1. Overall Kaplan-Meier survival estimates (adapted from http://bit.ly/2yuszxf [104, 105]). Cases without genetic alterations in HMGB1, shown in blue (n = 509), exhibit lower overall survival rates compared to cases without, shown in red (n = 13). (PPTX 63 kb)

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Supplementary Fig. 2. Disease/progression-free Kaplan-Meier estimates (adapted from http://bit.ly/2yuszxf [104, 105]). Cases without genetic alterations in HMGB1, shown in blue (n = 188), exhibit higher relapse rates compared to cases without, shown in red (n = 9). (PPTX 63 kb)

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Cheng, K.J., Alshawsh, M.A., Mejia Mohamed, E. et al. HMGB1: an overview of its versatile roles in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Cell Oncol. 43, 177–193 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13402-019-00477-5

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