Abstract
This review describes the basic principles of electrophysiology using the generation of an action potential in characean internodal cells as a pedagogical tool. Electrophysiology has proven to be a powerful tool in understanding animal physiology and development, yet it has been virtually neglected in the study of plant physiology and development. This review is, in essence, a written account of my personal journey over the past five years to understand the basic principles of electrophysiology so that I can apply them to the study of plant physiology and development.
My formal background is in classical botany and cell biology. I have learned electrophysiology by reading many books on physics written for the lay person and by talking informally with many patient biophysicists. I have written this review for the botanist who is unfamiliar with the basics of membrane biology but would like to know that she or he can become familiar with the latest information without much effort. I also wrote it for the neurophysiologist who is proficient in membrane biology but knows little about plant biology (but may want to teach one lecture on “plant action potentials”). And lastly, I wrote this for people interested in the history of science and how the studies of electrical and chemical communication in physiology and development progressed in the botanical and zoological disciplines.
Übersicht
Dieser Überblick beschreibt die Grundprinzipen der Electrophysiologie unter Verwendung eines Aktionspotentials in internodalen Zellen der characean Algen als pädagogeshes Mittel. Die Elektrophysiologie hat sich beim Verständnis von Tierphysiologie und entwicklung als wirksames Mittel erwiesen; dennoch ist sie bisher beim Studium der Pflanzenphysiologie und entwicklung praktish vernachlässigt worden. Dieser Überblick ist im Wesentlichen ein schriftlichen Bericht meiner persönlichen Bemühungen in den letzten fünf Jahren die Grungprinzipen der Electrophysiologie zu verstehen, um sie auf das Studium der Pflanzenphysiologie und entwicklung anzuwenden.
Meine Spezialität ist klassische Botanik und Zellbiologie. Elektrophysiologie habe ich durch das Lesen von vielen Physikbüchern für den Laien erlerut; daneben hatte ich auch die Gelengheit, informell mit vielen geduldigen Biophysikern darüber zu sprechen. Ich habe diesen Überblick für den Botaniker geschreiben, der mit den Grundlagen der Membranbiologie nicht vertraut ist, der aber wissen möchte, dass er/sie ohne allerzu grossen Aufwand mit dem neuesten Stand der Wissenschaft vertraut werden kann. Ich habe ihn weiterhin für den Neurophysiologen geschrieben, der mit der Membranphysiologie wohl vertraut ist, der aber wenig über Pflanzenbiologie weiss (aber velleicht eine Vorlesung über “Pflanzenaktionspotentials” halten möchte). Schlieslich habe ich ihn auch für den Leser geschrieben, der sich für die Wissenschaftsgeschichte interessiert und dafür, wie das Studium der Elektrischen und chemischen Kommunikation in der Physiologie und Entwicklung in den botanischen und zoologischen Disziplinen fortgeschritten ist.
Resumen
Este estudio analiza los principios básicos de electrofisiología utilizando la generatión de un potential de actión en células internodiales de algas characean como herramienta pedagógica. Electrofisiología ha demostrado ser un excelente método para el entendimiento de la fisiología y del desarrollo animal pero ha sido ignorada en el estudio de la fisiología y del desarrollo de plantas. Este estudio es, esencialmente, un testimonio de mi experiencia personal durante los últimos cinco años en los que he estado estudiando los principios básicos de electrofisiología para poder aplicarlos al estudio de fisiología y desarrollo de plantas.
Mis estudios se concentraron en botánica clásica y biología celular. He aprendido electrofisiología a base de leer muchos libros de física escritos para gente sin gran conocimiento de la materia, además he tenido el placer de hablar informalmente con muchos biofísicos de gran paciencia. He escrito este estudio para el botánico que desconoce la base de biologfa membranal pero al que le gustaría saber que él o ella puede familiarizarse con la informatión más actual sin mucho esfuerzo. También lo escribí para el neurofisiólogo, experto en biología membranal, pero que no sabe mucho sobre biología de plantas (y que desee enseñar una clase sobre los “potenciales de actión de las plantas”). Y finalmente, escri’i esto para gente interesada en la historia de la ciencia y en cómo los estudios de comunicación eléctrica y química en la fisiología y el desarrollo progresaron en las disciplinas zoolígicas y botánicas.
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Dedicated to Professor Noburo Kamiya on the occasion of his eightieth birthday.
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Wayne, R. The excitability of plant cells: With a special emphasis on characean internodal cells. Bot. Rev 60, 265–367 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02960261
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02960261