Abstract
Biological membranes display a staggering complexity of lipids and proteins orchestrating cellular functions. Superior analytical tools coupled with numerous functional cellular screens have enabled us to query their role in cellular signalling, trafficking, guiding protein structure and function–all of which rely on the dynamic membrane lipid properties indispensable for proper cellular functions. Alteration of these has led to emergence of various pathological conditions, thus opening an area of lipid-centric therapeutic approaches. This perspective is a short summary of the dynamic properties of membranes essential for proper cellular functions, dictating both protein and lipid functions, and mis-regulated in diseases. Towards the end, we focus on some challenges lying ahead and potential means to tackle the same, mainly underscored by multi-disciplinary approaches.
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adapted in part with permission from (Bigay and Antonny 2012)
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Abbreviations
- lo :
-
Liquid ordered domains
- lLd :
-
Liquid disordered domains/phase
- PALM:
-
Photoactivated localization microscopy
- STED:
-
Stimulated emission depletion
- NSOM:
-
Near-field scanning optical microscopy
- FRET:
-
Förster resonance energy transfer
- iSCAT:
-
Interferometric scattering microscopy
- SANS:
-
Small-angle neutron scattering
- SPT:
-
Single particle tracking
- FCS:
-
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
- svFCS:
-
Spot variation fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
- GUVs:
-
Giant unilamellar vesicles
- AFM:
-
Atomic force microscopy
- PH:
-
Pleckstrin homology
- COPI:
-
Coat protein I
- SM:
-
Sphingomyelin
- GPCR:
-
G protein-coupled receptor
- GTP:
-
Guanosine triphosphate
- PIP2:
-
Phosphatidyl inositol 4, 5 bisphosphate
- IgE:
-
Immunoglobulin E
- FCϵRI:
-
High affinity IgE receptor
- PS:
-
Phosphatidyl serine
- PE:
-
Phosphatidyl ethanolamine
- CD44:
-
Cluster of differentiation 44
- CD24:
-
Cluster of differentiation 24
- EGFR:
-
Epidermal growth factor receptor
- PI:
-
Phosphatidyl inositols
- Arp 2/3:
-
Actin related proteins 2/3
- WASP:
-
Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein
- TDM:
-
Trehalose Dimycolate
- MLT:
-
Membrane lipid therapy
- PI3K:
-
Phosphoinositide 3 kinase
- CDC42:
-
Cell division control protein 42
- RAC1:
-
Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1
- Caspase:
-
Cysteine-aspartic proteases
- FADD:
-
Fas-associated death domain-containing protein
- DISC:
-
Death-inducing signalling complex
- PPARα:
-
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
- DAG:
-
Diacyl glycerol
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Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. Rishikesh Narayan for comments on this manuscript. The work in our lab is supported by DBT-Ramalingaswami fellowship and DST Inspire Faculty Award awarded to SK. PA acknowledges DBT for PhD fellowship.
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Adhyapak, P., Kapoor, S. Membrane Dynamics in Health and Disease: Impact on Cellular Signalling. J Membrane Biol 252, 213–226 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00232-019-00087-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00232-019-00087-0