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Annual Review of Entomology

Volume 65, 2020

Non-Bee Insects as Visitors and Pollinators of Crops: Biology, Ecology, and Management

Abstract

Insects other than bees (i.e., non-bees) have been acknowledged as important crop pollinators, but our understanding of which crop plants they visit and how effective they are as crop pollinators is limited. To compare visitation and efficiency of crop-pollinating bees and non-bees at a global scale, we review the literature published from 1950 to 2018 concerning the visitors and pollinators of 105 global food crops that are known to benefit from animal pollinators. Of the 105 animal-pollinated crops, a significant proportion are visited by both bee and non-bee taxa ( = 82; 77%), with a total gross domestic product (GDP) value of US$780.8 billion. For crops with a narrower range of visitors, those that favor non-bees ( = 8) have a value of US$1.2 billion, compared to those that favor bees ( = 15), with a value of US$19.0 billion. Limited pollinator efficiency data were available for one or more taxa in only half of the crops ( = 61; 58%). Among the non-bees, some families were recorded visiting a wide range of crops (>12), including six families of flies (Syrphidae, Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Sarcophagidae, Tachinidae, and Bombyliidae), two beetle families (Coccinelidae and Nitidulidae), ants (Formicidae), wasps (Vespidae), and four families of moths and butterflies (Hesperiidae, Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, and Pieridae). Among the non-bees, taxa within the dipteran families Syrphidae and Calliphoridae were the most common visitors to the most crops, but this may be an artifact of the limited data available. The diversity of species and life histories in these groups of lesser-known pollinators indicates that diet, larval requirements, and other reproductive needs will require alternative habitat management practices to bees.

Keyword(s): Coleoptera, crop pollination, Diptera, flower-visitor, Lepidoptera, pollinator efficiency
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2020-01-07
2024-04-19
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Non-Bee Insects as Visitors and Pollinators of Crops: Biology, Ecology, and Management
Annual Review of Entomology 65, 391 (2020); https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-011019-025055
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-ento-011019-025055
/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-ento-011019-025055
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Supplemental Material

Supplementary Data

  • Download Supplemental Appendix 1 (PDF).

    Download Supplemental Tables 1-8 (PDF).

    Supplemental Figure 1. Larval life histories of 14 Syrphid (green and blue bars) and Calliphorid fly (red) species recorded visiting the largest range of crop species benefiting from animal pollination. For example, Eristalis tenax was recorded visiting 28 different crop species and has larvae that feed on organic material in aquatic/semi aquatic environments. Larval life histories information was obtained from Dear (1985), Rotheray (1993) and Speight (2011). (Download as PDF)

  • Article Type: Review Article

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