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Facial asymmetry is negatively related to condition in female macaque monkeys

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Abstract

The face is an important visual trait in social communication across many species. In evolutionary terms, there are large and obvious selective advantages in detecting healthy partners, both in terms of avoiding individuals with poor health to minimise contagion and in mating with individuals with high health to help ensure healthy offspring. Many models of sexual selection suggest that an individual's phenotype provides cues to their quality. Fluctuating asymmetry is a trait that is proposed to be an honest indicator of quality, and previous studies have demonstrated that rhesus monkeys gaze longer at symmetric faces, suggesting preferences for such faces. The current study examined the relationship between measured facial symmetry and measures of health in a captive population of female rhesus macaque monkeys. We measured asymmetry from landmarks marked on front-on facial photographs and computed measures of health based on veterinary health and condition ratings, number of minor and major wounds sustained and gain in weight over the first 4 years of life. Analysis revealed that facial asymmetry was negatively related to condition-related health measures, with symmetric individuals being healthier than more asymmetric individuals. Facial asymmetry appears to be an honest indicator of health in rhesus macaques, and asymmetry may then be used by conspecifics in mate-choice situations. More broadly, our data support the notion that faces are valuable sources of information in non-human primates and that sexual selection based on facial information is potentially important across the primate lineage.

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Acknowledgments

Anthony Little is supported by a Royal Society University Research Fellowship. This research was supported by the Division of Intramural Research, NICHD.

Ethical standards

The study presented here complies with the current laws of the USA in which it was performed and was approved by The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of NICHD (USA).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK

    Anthony C. Little

  2. Laboratory of Comparative Ethology, Department of Health and Human Services, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Poolesville, MD, USA

    Annika Paukner & Stephen J. Suomi

  3. Department of Health and Human Services, Research Animal Management Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Poolesville, MD, USA

    Ruth A. Woodward

Authors
  1. Anthony C. Little
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  2. Annika Paukner
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  3. Ruth A. Woodward
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  4. Stephen J. Suomi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anthony C. Little.

Additional information

Communicated by E. Huchard

Anthony C. Little and Annika Paukner contributed equally.

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Little, A.C., Paukner, A., Woodward, R.A. et al. Facial asymmetry is negatively related to condition in female macaque monkeys. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 66, 1311–1318 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-012-1386-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-012-1386-4

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