Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Capnodiaceae

  • Published:
Fungal Diversity Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper we revisit the Capnodiaceae with notes on selected genera. Type specimens of the ascomycetous genera Aithaloderma, Anopeltis, Callebaea, Capnodaria, Echinothecium, Phragmocapnias and Scorias were re-examined, described and illustrated. Leptoxyphium is anamorphic Capnodiaceae and Polychaeton is a legitimate and earlier name for Capnodium, but in order to maintain nomenclatural stability we propose that the teleomorphic name should be considered for the approved lists of names currently in preparation for fungi. Notes are provided on the ascomycetous genus Scoriadopsis. However, we were unable to locate the type of this genus during the time frame of this study. The ascomycetous genera Aithaloderma, Ceramoclasteropsis, Hyaloscolecostroma and Trichomerium are excluded from Capnodiaceae on the basis of having ascostromata and trans-septate hyaline ascospores and should be accommodated in Chaetothyriaceae. Callebaea is excluded as the ascomata are thyriothecia and the genus is placed in Micropeltidaceae. Echinothecium is excluded as synonym of Sphaerellothecium and is transferred to Mycosphaerellaceae. The type specimen of Capnophaeum is lost and this should be considered as a doubtful genus. The coelomycetous Microxiphium is polyphyletic, while the status of Fumiglobus, Polychaetella and Tripospermum is unclear. Fourteen new collections of sooty moulds made in Thailand were isolated and sequenced. The nuclear large and small rDNA was partially sequenced and compared in a phylogeny used to build a more complete understanding of the relationships of genera in Capnodiaceae. Four new species are described and illustrated, while Phragmocapnias and Scorias are epitypified with fresh collections.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Andrew JH (1982) Biological control in the phyllosphere. Annu Rev Phytopathol 30:603–635

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barr ME (1987) Prodomus to class Loculoascomycetes. Amherst. University of Massachusetts, Massachusetts

    Google Scholar 

  • Batista AC, Ciferri R (1962) The Chaetothyriales. Sydowia 3:1–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Batista AC, Ciferri R (1963a) Capnodiales. Capnodiales. Saccardoa 2:1–296

    Google Scholar 

  • Batista AC, Ciferri R (1963b) The sooty-molds of the family Asbolisiaceae. Quad Ist Bot Univ Lab Crittogam Pavia 31:1–229

    Google Scholar 

  • Batista AC, da Silva JO (1967) Hyaloscolecostroma Batista & J. Oliveira, um novo gênero de Phaeosaccardinulaceae. Atas Inst Micol Univ Recife 5:447–452

    Google Scholar 

  • Batista AC, Peres GEP, Bezerra JL (1962) Novos fungos de fumagina, da família Phaeosaccardinulaceae. Brotéria, SérTrim Cienc Nat 31(2):93–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Berkeley MJ, Desmazières JBHJ (1849) On some moulds referred by authors to Fumago and to certain allied or analogous forms. J Hortic Soc London 4:3–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Blakeman JP, Fokkema NJ (1982) Potential for biological control of plant diseases on the phylloplane. Annu Rev Phytopathol 20:162–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Calatayud V, Navarro-Rosinés P, Hafellner J (2002) A synopsis of Lichenostigma subgen. Lichenogramma (Arthoniales), with a key to the species. Mycol Res 106(10):1230–1242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheewangkoon R, Groenewald JZ, Summerell BA, Hyde KD, To-anun C, Crous PW (2009) Myrtaceae, a cache of fungal biodiversity. Persoonia 23:55–85

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chevenet F, Brun C, Banuls AL, Jacq B, Christen R (2006) TreeDyn: towards dynamic graphics and annotations for analyses of trees. BMC Bioinforma 7:439

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chomnunti P, Ko Ko TW, Cai L, Jones EBG, Chukeatirote E, Kodsueb R, Bahkali AH, Hang C, Hyde KD (2012) Phylogeny of Chaetothyriaceae in northern Thailand including three new species. Mycologia, in press

  • Crous PW, Schoch CL, Hyde KD, Wood AR, Gueidan C, de Hoog GS, Groenewald JZ (2009) Phylogenetic lineages in the Capnodiales. Stud Mycol 64:17–47

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Etayo J (2008) Líquenes y hongos liquenícolas del LIC de Ablitas (S. Navarra, España). Cryptog Mycol 29(2):63–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Faull JL, Olejnik I, Ingrouille M, Reynolds D (2002) A reassessment of the taxonomy of some tropical sooty moulds. Trop Mycol 2:33–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraser L (1935) An investigation of the sooty mould of New South Wales IV The species of the Eucapnodieae. Proc Linn Soc New South Wales 40:159–178

    Google Scholar 

  • Friend RJ (1965) What is Fumago vagena? Trans Brit Mycol Soc 48:371–375

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geiser DM, Gueidan C, Miadlikowska J, Lutzoni F, Kauff F, Hofstetter V, Fraker E, Schoch CL, Tibell L, Untereiner WA, Aptroot A (2006) Eurotiomycetes: eurotiomycetidae and Chaetothyriomycetidae. Mycologia 98(6):1053–1064

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hall T (2004) Bioedit 7.0.1 Isis Pharmaceuticals, U.S.A.: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Sym Ser 41:95–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansford CG (1947) New or interesting tropical fungi I. Proc Linn Soc London 158(1):28–50

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hawksworth DL (2011) A new dawn for the naming of fungi: impacts of decisions made in Melbourne in July 2011 on the future publication and regulation of fungal names. MycoKeys 1:7–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hosagoudar VB, Riju MC (2011) Some interesting Meliolaceae members from Western Ghats Region of Kerala State. Plant Pathol Quar 1(2):121–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Huelsenbeck JP, Ronquist F (2001) MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics 17:754–755

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huelsenbeck JP, Ronquist F, Nielsen R, Bollback JP (2001) Bayesian inference of phylogeny and its impact on evolutionary biology. Science 294:2310–2314

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes SJ (1951) Studies on micro-fungi X. Zygosporium. Mycol Pap 44:1–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes SJ (1972) New Zealand Fungi 17. Pleomorphism in Cuantennariaceae and Metacapnodiaceae, two new families of sooty moulds. N Z J Bot 10:225–242

    Google Scholar 

  • Hughes SJ (1976) Sooty moulds. Mycologia 68:693–820

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes SJ (2003) Capnofrasera dendryphioides, a new genus and species of sooty moulds. N Z J Bot 41:139–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hyde KD, McKenzie EHC, KoKo TW (2011) Towards incorporating anamorphic fungi in a natural classification-checklist and notes for 2010. Mycosphere 2(1):1–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Katoh K, Asimenos G, Toh H (2009) Multiple alignment of DNA sequences with MAFFT. Meth Mol Biol 537:39–64

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008) Dictionary of the Fungi, 10th edn. CABI Bioscience, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Léveillé JH (1847) Mycologie, Mycétologie. In: D’Orbigny, Dictionnaire univ d’Hist nat 9:261–303

  • Liu K, Raghavan S, Nelesen S, Linder CR, Warnow T (2009) Rapid and accurate large-scale coestimation of sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees. Science 324:1561–1564

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lumbsch HT, Huhndorf SM (2010) Outline of Ascomycota—2009. Fieldiana Life Earth Sci 1:1–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matsushima T (2003) Matsushima Mycological Memoirs 9. Mats Mycol Mem 10:1–214

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller MA, Pfeiffer W, Schwartz T (2010) Creating the CIPRES Science Gateway for inference of large phylogenetic trees. In: Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE), 14 Nov. 2010, New Orleans, LA, pp 1–8

  • Montagne C (1849) De Capnodio. novum fungorum genus. Ann Sci Nat Bot sér 3, 11:233–234

    Google Scholar 

  • Navarro-Rosines P, Gomez-Bolea A (1989) Rhagadostoma-Lichenicola (D. Not.) Keissler i Echinothecium reticulatum (Zopf) dos fongs liquenícoles nous per a la Península Ibèrica. Folia Bot Misc Barcelona 6:61–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Olejnik IM, Ingrouille M, Faull JL (1999) Numerical taxonomy of the sooty moulds Leptoxyphium. Caldariomyces and Aithaloderma based on micromorphology and physiology. Mycol Res 103:333–346

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pohlad BR (1988) Rhombostilbella parasitizing Chaetothyriaceae and Capnodiaceae. Mycologia 80(5):757–759

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds DR (1975) Observation on growth forms of sooty mold fungi. Nova Hedwig 26:179–193

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds DR (1978) Foliicolous ascomycetes 2: Capnodium salicinum Montagne emend. Mycotaxon 7:501–507

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds DR (1979) Foliicolous ascomycetes: 3. The stalked capnodiaceous species. Mycotaxon 8(2):417–445

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds DR (1982) Foliicoloius Ascomycetes: 4. The capnodiaceous genus Trichomerium Spegazzini emend. Mycotaxon 14:189–220

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds DR (1986) Foliicolous ascomycetes 7. Phylogenetic systematics of the Capnodiaceae. Mycotaxon 27:377–403

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds DR (1998) Capnodiaceous sooty mold phylogeny. Can J Bot 76:2125–2130

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds DR (1999) Capnodium citri: the sooty mold fungi comprising the taxon concept. Mycopathologia 148:141–147

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds DR, Gilbert GS (2005) Epifoliar fungi from Queensland, Australia. Aust Syst Bot 18:265–289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds DR, Gilbert GS (2006) Epifoliar fungi from Panama Cryptog. Myocol 27(3):249–270

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruibal C, Gueidan C, Selbmann L, Gorbushina AA, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Muggia L, Grube M, Isola D, Schoch CL, Staley JT, Lutzoni F, de Hoog GS (2009) Phylogeny of rock–inhabiting fungi related to Dothideomycetes. Stud Mycol 64:123–133

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saccardo PA (1822) Sylloge fungorum1. Patavii: 83

  • Saccardo PA, Sydow P (1899) Sylloge fungorum 14. Patavii: 1–1316

  • Schlick-Steiner BC, Steiner FM, Konrad H, Seifert B, Christian E, Moder K, Stauffer C, Crozier RH (2008) Specificity and transmission mosaic of ant nest-wall fungi. Proc Nat Acad Sci 105:940–943

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schoch CL, Shoemaker RA, Seifert KA, Hambleton S, Spatafora JW, Crous PW (2007) A multigene phylogeny of the Dothideomycetes using four nuclear loci. Mycologia 98:1041–1052

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schoch CL, Crous PW, Groenewald JZ, Boehm EW, Burgess TI, de Gruyter J, de Hoog GS, Dixon LJ, Grube M, Gueidan C, Harada Y, Hatakeyama S, Hirayama K, Hosoya T, Huhndorf SM, Hyde KD, Jones EB, Kohlmeyer J, Kruys A, Li YM, Lucking R, Lumbsch HT, Marvanova L, Mbatchou JS, McVay AH, Miller AN, Mugambi GK, Muggia L, Nelsen MP, Nelson P, Owensby CA, Phillips AJ, Phongpaichit S, Pointing SB, Pujade-Renaud V, Raja HA, Plata ER, Robbertse B, Ruibal C, Sakayaroj J, Sano T, Selbmann L, Shearer CA, Shirouzu T, Slippers B, Suetrong S, Tanaka K, Volkmann-Kohlmeyer B, Wingfield MJ, Wood AR, Woudenberg JH, Yonezawa H, Zhang Y, Spatafora JW (2009) A class-wide phylogenetic assessment of Dothideomycetes. Stud Mycol 64:1–15

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sivanesan A (1984) The bitunicate ascomycetes. Cramer, Vaduz

    Google Scholar 

  • Spegazzini C (1918) Notas Micológicas. Physis (Buenos Aires) 4:281–295

    Google Scholar 

  • Stamatakis A (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 22:2688–2690

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stamatakis A, Hoover P, Rougemont J (2008) A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML Web Servers. Syst Biol 57:758–771

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Stevens FL (1930) Parasitic fungi of British Guiana, Trinidad and Costa Rica. Ann Mycol 28(5/6):346–371

    Google Scholar 

  • Sutton BC (1977) Coelomycetes VI. Nomenclature of generic names proposed for Coelomycetes. Mycol Pap 141:1–253

    Google Scholar 

  • Sydow H, Sydow P (1913) Novae fugorum species-X. Ann Mycol 11:254–271

    Google Scholar 

  • Von Arx JA, Müller E (1975) A re-evaluation of the bitunicate ascomycetes with keys to families and genera. Stud Mycol 9:1–159

    Google Scholar 

  • von Höhnel F (1909) Fragmente zur Mykologie VIII. Sitzungsberichten der kaiserlichen Kaiserl. Akad Wiss Math-Naturwiss Cl Abt1 118:1157–1246

  • von Höhnel F (1910) Fragmente zur Mykologie (Xi Mitteilung, Nr. 527 bis 573). Sitsungsber, Kaiserl. Akad Wiss Math-Naturwiss Cl Abt 1 119:618–679

  • Woronichin NN (1926) Zur Kenntnis der Morphologie und Systematik der Russtaupilze Transkaukasiens. Ann Mycol 24(3/4):231–264

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu HX, Schoch CL, Boonmee S, Bahkali AH, Chomnunti P, Hyde KD (2011) A reappraisal of Microthyriaceae. Fungal Divers (In press)

  • Yamamoto W (1954) Taxonomic studies on the Capnodiaceae 2 On the species of the Eucapnodiae. Ann Phytopath Soc Japan 19(1–2):1–5

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Thailand Research Fund BRG528002. The Global Research Network for Fungal Biology and King Saud University are also thanked for support. Library staff from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew are thanked for their support locating obscure literature and providing access to their collections. The curators from herbaria G, NY, S are thanked for loaning specimens. The second author acknowledges support by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Library of Medicine.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand

    Putarak Chomnunti, Thida W. Ko-Ko, Sinang Hongsanan, Rungtiwa Phookamsak, Ekachai Chukeatirote & Kevin D. Hyde

  2. School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand

    Putarak Chomnunti, Thida W. Ko-Ko, Sinang Hongsanan, Rungtiwa Phookamsak, Ekachai Chukeatirote & Kevin D. Hyde

  3. National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, MSC 6510, Bethesda, MD, 20892-6510, USA

    Conrad L. Schoch

  4. Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW93DS, UK

    Begoña Aguirre-Hudson

  5. Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), C308, Institute of Postgraduate Studies Building, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    E. B. Gareth Jones

  6. Faculty of Science and Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University, Phisanulok, 65000, Thailand

    Rampai Kodsueb

  7. Botany and Microbiology Department, King Saud University, College of Science, P.O. Box: 2455, Riyadh, 1145, Saudi Arabia

    Ali H. Bahkali & Kevin D. Hyde

Authors
  1. Putarak Chomnunti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Conrad L. Schoch
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Begoña Aguirre-Hudson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Thida W. Ko-Ko
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Sinang Hongsanan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. E. B. Gareth Jones
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Rampai Kodsueb
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Rungtiwa Phookamsak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Ekachai Chukeatirote
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Ali H. Bahkali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Kevin D. Hyde
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kevin D. Hyde.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary Table 1

(DOC 91 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chomnunti, P., Schoch, C.L., Aguirre-Hudson, B. et al. Capnodiaceae . Fungal Diversity 51, 103–134 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0145-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-011-0145-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation