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Carbon sources that enable enrichment of 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacteria in landfill leachate

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Abstract

1,4-Dioxane (DX) is a recalcitrant cyclic ether that has gained attention as an emerging pollutant in the aquatic environment. Enrichment of indigenous DX-degrading bacteria, which are considered to be minor populations even in DX-impacted environments, is the key for efficient biological DX removal. Therefore, this study aimed to explore carbon sources applicable for the enrichment of DX-degrading bacteria present in landfill leachate, which is a potential source of DX pollution. Microorganisms collected from landfill leachate were cultivated on six different carbon sources (DX, tetrahydrofuran (THF), 1,3,5-trioxane (TX), ethylene glycol (EG), diethylene glycol (DEG), and 1,4-butanediol (BD)) in a sequential batch mode. Consequently, enrichment cultures cultivated on THF in addition to DX improved the DX degradation ability compared to that of the original leachate sample, while those on the other test carbon sources did not. The results indicated that THF can be an alternative carbon source to enrich DX-degrading bacteria, and that TX, EG, DEG and BD are not applicable to concentrate DX-degrading bacteria in complex microbial consortia. In addition, sequencing analyses of 16S rRNA and soluble di-iron monooxygenase (SDIMO) genes revealed notable dominance of thm/dxm genes involved in group 5 SDIMO both in DX- and THF-enrichment cultures. The analysis also showed a predominance of Pseudonocardia in THF-enrichment culture, suggesting that Pseudonocardia harboring thm/dxm genes contributes to enhanced DX degradation in THF-enrichment culture.

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Acknowledgements

This study was partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP16K12624 and JP19H04301.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan

    Daisuke Inoue, Kazuki Hisada, Takuya Okumura, Masashi Kuroda & Michihiko Ike

  2. Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, 442 Syakudo, Habikino, Osaka, Japan

    Yoshinori Yabuki

  3. Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan

    Gen Yoshida

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  1. Daisuke Inoue
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Correspondence to Daisuke Inoue.

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Inoue, D., Hisada, K., Okumura, T. et al. Carbon sources that enable enrichment of 1,4-dioxane-degrading bacteria in landfill leachate. Biodegradation 31, 23–34 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-019-09891-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-019-09891-w

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