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Endogenous NO Is Involved in Dissimilar Responses to Rehydration and Pb(NO3)2 in Ramalina farinacea Thalli and Its Isolated Phycobionts

  • Environmental Microbiology
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Abstract

Lichens undergo desiccation/rehydration cycles and are permeable to heavy metals, which induce free radicals. Nitrogen monoxide (NO) regulates important cellular functions, but the research on lichen NO is still very scarce. In Ramalina farinacea thalli, NO seems to be involved in the peroxidative damage caused by air pollution, antioxidant defence and regulation of lipid peroxidation and photosynthesis. Our hypothesis is that NO also has a critical role during the rehydration and in the responses to lead of its isolated phycobionts (Trebouxia sp. TR9 and Trebouxia jamesii). Therefore, we studied the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation and chlorophyll autofluorescence during rehydration of thalli and isolated microalgae in the presence of a NO scavenger and Pb(NO3)2. During rehydration, NO scavenging modulates free radical release and chlorophyll autofluorescence but not lipid peroxidation in both thalli and phycobionts. Pb(NO3)2 reduced free radical release (hormetic effect) both in the whole thallus and in microalgae. However, only in TR9, the ROS production, chlorophyll autofluorescence and lipid peroxidation were dependent on NO. In conclusion, Pb hormetic effect seems to depend on NO solely in TR9, while is doubtful for T. jamesii and the whole thalli.

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Abbreviations

A.u.:

arbitrary units

c-PTIO:

2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (carboxy-PTIO)

DCFH2-DA:

2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate

HMs:

Heavy Metals

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

PGPR:

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RNS:

Reactive nitrogen species

TBA:

2-thiobarbituric acid

T. jamesii :

Trebouxia jamesii

TR9:

Trebouxia sp. TR9

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Acknowledgements

We want to acknowledge the technical assistance of Álvarez R. and Del Hoyo A. who cultured and dehydrated the samples of phycobionts, Díaz C. who made the analysis of free radicals, chlorophyll autofluorescence and lipid peroxidation in Ramalina farinacea and Mejuto I. who helped in microscopy. We want to thank del Campo. E for the revision of the draft.

Funding

This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO CGL2016-79158-P and CGL2016-40058-P), Comunidad de Madrid - European Commission (Youth Employment Intiative, Spain) (PEJ-2017-AI/AMB-6337), FEDER and the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEOIII/2017/039 GVA).

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Author notes

  1. A. J. Coello

    Present address: Departamento de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Real Jardín Botánico (RJB-CSIC), Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, ESCET, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain

    Joana R. Expósito, A. J. Coello & M. Catalá

  2. Departamento de Botánica, Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/ Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain

    E. Barreno

  3. Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain

    L. M. Casano

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Contributions

The study was designed by Barreno E., Catalá M. and Casano L. M. Catalá M. performed the measurements of free radical production kinetics and chlorophyll autofluorescence. Coello A.J. did the study of lipid peroxidation in phycobionts. Casano L.M. provided biological material. Expósito J.R. analysed the data, made the figures and wrote the draft under the supervision of Catalá M. All the authors have revised and approved the final draft.

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Correspondence to Joana R. Expósito.

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Expósito, J.R., Coello, A.J., Barreno, E. et al. Endogenous NO Is Involved in Dissimilar Responses to Rehydration and Pb(NO3)2 in Ramalina farinacea Thalli and Its Isolated Phycobionts. Microb Ecol 79, 604–616 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-019-01427-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-019-01427-2

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