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The immune system is generally divided into 2 primary components: the innate immune response and the highly specific but more slowly developing adaptive or acquired immune response.
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Immune responses can be further separated by whether they are induced by exposure to a foreign antigen (an “active” response) or if they are transferred through serum or lymphocytes from an immunized individual (a “passive” response).
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The ideal cancer immunotherapy agent should be able to discriminate between cancer
Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice
Cancer Immunotherapies
Section snippets
Key points
Cellular Components
The immune system is generally divided into 2 primary components: the innate immune response and, the highly specific but more slowly developing, adaptive or acquired immune response. Innate immunity is rapidly acting but typically not very specific and includes physicochemical barriers (eg, skin and mucosa), blood proteins such as complement, phagocytic cells (macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells [DCs], and natural killer [NK] cells), and cytokines that coordinate and regulate the cells
Overview
The ultimate goal for a tumor immunotherapy with a specific target is elicitation of an antitumor immune response, which results in clinical regression of a tumor and/or its metastases. There are numerous types of specific tumor immunotherapies in phase I–III trials across a wide range of tumor types. Responses to cancer vaccines and other cancer immunotherapies may take several months or more to appear due to the slower speed of induction of the adaptive arm of the immune system as outlined in
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2023, Veterinary Immunology and ImmunopathologyIdentification of immune infiltration landscape on prognosis and therapy of the ferroptosis-related genes signature in breast cancer
2022, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Cell ResearchCitation Excerpt :Along with the breakthroughs in various technologies and algorithms in the field of biology, researchers have gained a deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its application for immunotherapies. Immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint blockades(ICBs) aim to facilitate the switch from a protumor to an antitumor effect to optimize antitumor immunity efficacy [22,23], as an immune “hot” malignancy, breast cancer is always considered to have a better potential response for immunotherapies [24]. Some studies have illustrated that the process of ferroptosis that occurred in tumor cells could enhance the immunogenicity of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and activate with the immune cells to promote the efficacy of immunotherapies [25,26].
Translational oncotargets for immunotherapy: From pet dogs to humans
2021, Advanced Drug Delivery ReviewsCitation Excerpt :Monoclonal antibodies are used now currently as part of many oncotherapies in humans. They can be very specific (antiidiotype antibodies, when targeted to a specific antigen of a specific tumor), conjugated with other components (such as nanoparticles, toxins, etc.) or engineered [236]. Engineered antibodies can be bispecific, binding to two targets at the same time, acting as artificial T-cell receptors and/or as dual modulators.
The use of RNA-based treatments in the field of cancer immunotherapy
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2023, Scientific Reports
Disclosure Statement: Dr P.J. Bergman is a coinventor on patent US7556805B2 and was the veterinary principal investigator for the canine melanoma vaccine Oncept, which received USDA-CVB conditional licensure in 2007 and full licensure in 2009. He also receives a minority royalty stream payment from Merial.