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Analysis of Wild Raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.): Optimization of the Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Phenolics and a New Insight in Phenolics Bioaccessibility

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Abstract

A simple and efficient ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) technique was developed in order to find optimal conditions for the extraction of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and anthocyanins in wild raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) fruits. Several extraction variables, including methanol composition (v/v, %), solid-solvent ratio (g/mL), time (min) and extraction temperature (°C) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Under optimal conditions for extraction, the total phenolics were found in the concentration of 383 mg GAE/100 g of fresh fruit weight, while HPLC-PDA analysis of the optimized extract showed the presence of cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-sophoroside, catechin, gallic and ellagic acid. The experimental values of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 29.0 and 39.5 μmol Trolox/g of fresh fruit weight, respectively. In vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion showed great raspberry phenolics stability. Our study assessed the bioaccessible phenolics in wild raspberry fruits and showed optimal conditions for the effective extraction of bioactive compounds for their analysis.

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Abbreviations

ABTS:

2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)

CCD:

Central composite design

CGE:

Cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents

DPPH:

2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl

FW:

Fresh weight

GAE:

Gallic acid equivalents

HPLC:

High performance liquid chromatography

PDA:

Photo diode array

Rt :

Retention time

RSM:

Response surface methodology

RUE:

Rutin equivalents

TAC:

Total anthocyanins content

TFC:

Total flavonoids content

TPC:

Total phenolics content

UAE:

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction

UV:

Ultra violet

Vis:

Visible

WRF:

Wild raspberry fruit

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (Grants no. OI 172016, III 43004 and OI 175039).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Kragujevac, R. Domanovića 12, Kragujevac, 34000, Serbia

    Nevena R. Mihailović, Vladimir B. Mihailović, Andrija R. Ćirić, Nikola Z. Srećković & Ljubinka G. Joksović

  2. Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Microbiology and Immunology, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 1, Belgrade, 11000, Serbia

    Mirjana R. Cvijović

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  1. Nevena R. Mihailović
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Correspondence to Ljubinka G. Joksović.

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Mihailović, N.R., Mihailović, V.B., Ćirić, A.R. et al. Analysis of Wild Raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.): Optimization of the Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Phenolics and a New Insight in Phenolics Bioaccessibility. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 74, 399–404 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-019-00756-4

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