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Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis of Three Deep-Sea Amphipod Species from Geographically Isolated Hadal Trenches in the Pacific Ocean

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Abstract

Amphipods of the superfamily Lysianassoidea that inhabit the hadal zone ( > 6000 m) have large bathymetric ranges and play a key role in deep ocean ecosystems. The endemism of these amphipod species makes them a good model for investigating potent natural selection and restricted dispersal in deep ocean trenches. Here, we describe genetic diversity and intraspecific population differentiation among three amphipod species from four Pacific trenches based on a mtDNA concatenated dataset (CO Ι and 16S rRNA genes) from 150 amphipod individuals. All amphipod populations had low genetic diversity, as indicated by haplotype and nucleotide diversity values. Population geographic relationship analysis of two Alicella gigantea populations revealed no genetic differentiation between these two localities (pairwise genetic differentiation coefficient = 0.00032, gene flow = 784.58), and the major variation (99.97%) was derived from variation within the populations. Historical demographic events were investigated using Tajima’s D and Fu’s F neutrality tests and analysis of mismatch distribution. Consistent results provided strong evidence to support the premise that demographic expansion occurred only for the Mariana population of Hirondellea gigas, possibly within the last 2.1–3.4 million years. These findings suggest that the formation of amphipod population structure might be the result of multiple factors including high hydrostatic pressure, food distribution, trench topographic forcing and potential ecological interactions.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank all of the people for the sample collection. This work was supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFC0310600), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31572598), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31772826) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31572611).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science & Technology, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China

    Binbin Pan, Shun Zhang, Jian Guo & Qianghua Xu

  2. Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Lingang New City, Shanghai, 201306, People’s Republic of China

    Jiulin Chan, Daoqiang Geng & Qianghua Xu

  3. National Distant-Water Fisheries Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China

    Qianghua Xu

  4. Shanghai Rainbowfish Ocean Technology Co., Ltd, Lingang New City, Shanghai, 201306, China

    Qiming Zhang

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  1. Jiulin Chan
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Correspondence to Qianghua Xu.

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Chan, J., Pan, B., Geng, D. et al. Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis of Three Deep-Sea Amphipod Species from Geographically Isolated Hadal Trenches in the Pacific Ocean. Biochem Genet 58, 157–170 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-019-09935-z

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