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The effect of Alexander, Gianelly, Roth, and MBT bracket systems on anterior retraction: a 3-dimensional finite element study

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Abstract

Objectives

The aims of this study were to compare the effect of 4 bracket systems including Alexander, Roth, MBT, and Gianelly on upper anterior retraction and to quantify the amount of torque loss ratio in sliding mechanics by help of a 3-dimensional (3D) finite element method.

Method and materials

3D FEM models were constructed in order to simulate anterior incisor retraction in first premolar extraction case. Displacement, stress, and strain on the incisal edge and apex of maxillary central incisor were calculated when 1-, 2-, and 3-N retraction forces were applied. Torque loss ratio was calculated by measuring the displacement of the teeth at crown tip and root apex in all 4 bracket systems on upper central incisor.

Results

Uncontrolled lingual crown tipping of the incisor was observed in all bracket systems. The crown moved lingually by 9.5 μm and the root labially by 4.5 μm in MBT system with 3-N retraction force. The amount of crown movement was 8 μm and the root displacement was 4 μm in Gianelly system with the same retraction force. Torque loss ratio was 1.46 in Alexander and Gianelly with 3-N retraction force. However, the amount of torque loss ratio was 1.47 in MBT and Roth with the same retraction force.

Conclusions and clinical Relevance

Uncontrolled tipping was the least in Gianelly and was the highest in MBT. The amount of torque loss ratio was the lowest in Gianelly and Alexander systems and the amount of torque loss ratio was the highest in MBT system.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to express appreciation to support of the American Orthodontics (USA) and Dentaurum Company (Germany) for supporting the bracket geometry basis for the FE models.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Istituto Giuseppe Cozzani, La Spezia, Italy

    Mauro Cozzani

  2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Donia Sadri

  3. Dental School, Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy

    Ludovica Nucci

  4. International Baccalaureate Program, Danube International School, Vienna, Austria

    Parsa Jamilian

  5. Department of Bio Medical Engineering, Faculty of Bio Medical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Cranio Maxillofacial Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Amir Parham Pirhadirad

  6. Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cranio Maxillofacial Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Abdolreza Jamilian

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  1. Mauro Cozzani
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  2. Donia Sadri
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  3. Ludovica Nucci
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  4. Parsa Jamilian
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  6. Abdolreza Jamilian
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Correspondence to Donia Sadri.

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Cozzani, M., Sadri, D., Nucci, L. et al. The effect of Alexander, Gianelly, Roth, and MBT bracket systems on anterior retraction: a 3-dimensional finite element study. Clin Oral Invest 24, 1351–1357 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-03016-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-03016-6

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