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Sibling Similarity in Metabolic Syndrome: The Portuguese Sibling Study on Growth, Fitness, Lifestyle and Health

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Abstract

This study aims to estimate sibling resemblance in metabolic syndrome (MS) markers, and to investigate the associations of biological and behavioral characteristics with MS. The sample comprises 679 biological siblings (363 females; 316 males) aged 9–20 years. MS markers included waist circumference (WC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TRI), fasting glucose (GLU) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Body mass index (BMI), biological maturation, muscular, and cardiorespiratory fitness were also assessed. Behavioral characteristics, including dietary intake and physical activity, were self-reported by questionnaire. Multilevel models were used, and sibling resemblance was estimated using the intraclass correlation (ρ). In general, same-sex siblings showed higher resemblance in MS markers than opposite-sex siblings. However, variability in sibling resemblance in MS markers was evident with the inclusion of covariates. Biological characteristics including age, BMI and maturity offset influenced all MS markers except for TRI. Importantly, behavioral characteristics diversely influenced MS markers: fruit and vegetables only influenced SBP, whereas physical activity affected HDL-C. Additionally, muscular fitness impacted significantly on MS Z-score, WC, SBP and GLU, whilst cardiorespiratory fitness only affected WC. In conclusion, biological and behavioral characteristics influenced the expression of MS markers. These results confirmed the importance of considering individual characteristics when designing individualized programs for diminishing the adverse effects of specific MS markers.

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Funding

This study was funded by FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology Portugal (Grant Reference: SFRH/BD/116374/2016).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4099-002, Porto, Portugal

    Sara Pereira, Thayse Natacha Gomes & José Maia

  2. Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA

    Peter T. Katzmarzyk

  3. Faculty of Education, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40000, Thailand

    Rojapon Buranarugsa

  4. Department of Physical Education, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil

    Marcos A. Moura-Dos-Santos

  5. Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA

    Donald Hedeker

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  1. Sara Pereira
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  2. Peter T. Katzmarzyk
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  3. Thayse Natacha Gomes
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  4. Rojapon Buranarugsa
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  7. José Maia
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Correspondence to Sara Pereira.

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Sara Pereira, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Thayse Natacha Gomes, Rojapon Buranarugsa, Marcos A. Moura-Dos-Santos, Donald Hedeker, José Maia declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Pereira, S., Katzmarzyk, P.T., Gomes, T.N. et al. Sibling Similarity in Metabolic Syndrome: The Portuguese Sibling Study on Growth, Fitness, Lifestyle and Health. Behav Genet 49, 299–309 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10519-019-09953-y

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