Abstract
A damage model suggested by the Tuler–Butcher concept of dynamic accumulation of microscopic defects is obtained from experimental data on microcrack formation in synthetic kidney stones. Experimental data on appearance of microcracks is extracted from micro-computed tomography images of BegoStone simulants obtained after subjecting the stone to successive pulses produced by an electromagnetic shock-wave lithotripter source. Image processing of the data is used to infer statistical distributions of crack length and width in representative transversal cross-sections of a cylindrical stone. A high-resolution finite volume computational model, capable of accurately modeling internal reflections due to local changes in material properties produced by material damage, is used to simulate the accumulation of damage due to successive shocks. Comparison of statistical distributions of microcrack formation in computation and experiment allows calibration of the damage model. The model is subsequently used to compute fracture of a different aspect-ratio cylindrical stone predicting concurrent formation of two main fracture areas as observed experimentally.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by NIH Grant 5R37DK052985-16. Authors thank anonymous reviewer for suggestions on manuscript improvement. DF carried out numerical implementation of elastic wave focusing in damaged media, image processing, statistical analysis and carried out experiments and \(\mu \hbox {CT}\) analysis. SM devised overall computational and experimental calibration approach, wrote computational package for AMR calculations, carried out damage model calibration and documented all procedures. GS, YZ aided in carrying out shock-wave experiments. PZ devised shock wave experiment, acoustic lens, Begostone preparation, and suggested importance of detailed study of stone fracture mechanisms.
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Fovargue, D., Mitran, S., Sankin, G. et al. An experimentally-calibrated damage mechanics model for stone fracture in shock wave lithotripsy. Int J Fract 211, 203–216 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-018-0283-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-018-0283-x