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Chromosomal polymorphism and molecular variability in the pearly razorfish Xyrichtys novacula (Labriformes, Labridae): taxonomic and biogeographic implications

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Abstract

The pearly razorfish Xyrichtys novacula (Linnaeus, 1758) is a sedentary benthic species distributed in both sides of the Atlantic Ocean and in the Mediterranean Sea. Previous cytogenetic analysis reported different diploid numbers in samples from Italy, Venezuela and Brazil. This research aims to test the hypothesis that samples from American Atlantic coast and Mediterranean Sea belong to the same single evolutionary lineage, characterized by intra-specific chromosome polymorphism. To this purpose a cytogenetic and molecular (mitochondrial COI sequences) survey was undertaken. Results revealed the existence of three different pearly razorfish molecular lineages: one present in Mediterranean Sea and two in the central and south American area, which are characterized by different karyotypes. One of these lineages shows substantial intra-population chromosomal polymorphism (2n = 45–48) determined by Robertsonian fusions that produce large metacentric chromosomes. On the whole data suggest that specimens morphologically identified as X. novacula correspond to three cryptic species.

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Acknowledgements

Financial support was provided by Consejo de Investigación, Universidad de Oriente-CIUDO, Venezuela (to M.N. and J.I.G.), Grant, no. Cl-6-030601-1793/12, by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo-FAPESP, Brazil and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico—CNPq, Brazil (to C.O. and F.F.), and by Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, Progetto Università 2014 (to V.M. and A.R.). We are grateful to Elisa Angiulli and Mariangela Coriandri (Sapienza University of Rome, Italy), who kindly helped in the collection of fishes in Italy and to Regulo López and Juan Marcano (Universidad de Oriente) who helped in the collection of fishes in Margarita and Cubagua Islands.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas del Mar, Núcleo de Nueva Esparta, Universidad de Oriente, Apartado 174, Porlamar, Isla de Margarita, Venezuela

    Mauro Nirchio & Juan Ignacio Gaviria

  2. Universidad Técnica de Machala, Av. Panamericana km 5½, Via Pasaje, Machala, El Oro, Ecuador

    Mauro Nirchio

  3. Instituto del Mar del Perú, Laboratorio Costero de Tumbes, Tumbes, Peru

    Zoila R. Siccha-Ramirez

  4. Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-970, Brazil

    Claudio Oliveira & Fausto Foresti

  5. Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”, Sapienza-Università di Roma, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161, Rome, Italy

    Valentina Milana & Anna Rita Rossi

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  1. Mauro Nirchio
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Nirchio, M., Gaviria, J.I., Siccha-Ramirez, Z.R. et al. Chromosomal polymorphism and molecular variability in the pearly razorfish Xyrichtys novacula (Labriformes, Labridae): taxonomic and biogeographic implications. Genetica 147, 47–56 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-019-00051-9

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