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Population and forest dynamics during the Central European Eneolithic (4500–2000 BC)

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Abstract

The population boom-and-bust during the European Neolithic (7000–2000 BC) has been the subject of lively discussion for the past decade. Most of the research on this topic was carried out with help of summed radiocarbon probability distributions. We aim to reconstruct population dynamics within the catchment of a medium sized lake on the basis of information on the presence of all known past human activities. We calculated a human activity model based on Monte Carlo simulations. The model showed the lowest level of human activity between 4000 and 3000 BC. For a better understanding of long-term socio-environmental dynamics, we also used the results of a pollen-based quantitative vegetation model, as well as a local macrophysical climate model. The beginning of the decline of archaeologically visible human activities corresponds with climatic changes and an increase in secondary forest taxa probably indicating more extensive land use. In addition, social and technological innovations are important, such as the introduction of the ard, wheel, animal traction and metallurgy, as well as changes in social hierarchy characterizing the same period.

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Acknowledgements

The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC Grant agreement no. 278065. This study was supported by Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract number APVV-0598-10 and as a long-term research development project no. RVO 67985939.

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  1. Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic

    Jan Kolář, Petr Kuneš, Péter Szabó, Helena Svitavská Svobodová & Peter Tkáč

  2. Institute of Archaeology and Museology, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Arne Nováka 1, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic

    Jan Kolář

  3. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, 12801, Praha 2, Czech Republic

    Petr Kuneš & Martin Macek

  4. Department of Archaeology, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Hodžova 1, 94974, Nitra, Slovakia

    Mária Hajnalová

  5. Department of GIS and Remote Sensing, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 25243, Průhonice, Czech Republic

    Martin Macek

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Kolář, J., Kuneš, P., Szabó, P. et al. Population and forest dynamics during the Central European Eneolithic (4500–2000 BC). Archaeol Anthropol Sci 10, 1153–1164 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-016-0446-5

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