Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Il6 gene promoter polymorphism (-174G/C) influences the association between fat mass and cardiovascular risk factors

  • Published:
Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

During the last decades, the prevalence of obesity has increased rapidly among young people. A polymorphism in the promoter region of the IL6 gene (-174G/C), has been previously reported to be involved in obesity and metabolic syndrome development. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine whether the IL6-174G/C polymorphism influence the association of body fat with low-grade inflammatory markers and blood lipids and lipoproteins in Spanish adolescents. 504 Spanish adolescents participating in the AVENA study were genotyped for the-174G/C polymorphism of the IL6 gene. Anthropometric and body composition measurements were taken and blood samples were collected for plasma molecules determinations. No differences between genotypes were observed in anthropometric values, body composition measurements and plasma markers concentration. Physical activity level differ between genotypes with subjects carrying the C allele of the polymorphism being significantly (p<0.05) more active than GG subjects. The association between body fat mass and plasma glucose was influenced by the -174G/C polymorphism of the IL6 gene. Subjects carrying the C allele of the mutation seem to have higher values of lipoprotein (a) and C-reactive protein as their percentage of body fat mass increase. Our results suggest that this promoter polymorphism influences the association between adiposity and some plasma markers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Anuurad, E., Boffa, M.B., Koschinsky, M.L. and Berglund, L. (2006): Lipoprotein(a): a unique risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Clin Lab Med, 26, 751–772.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Buckley, D.I., Fu, R., Freeman, M., Rogers, K., et al. (2009): C-reactive protein as a risk factor for coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analyses for the U.S.Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med, 151, 483–495.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Clement, K., Boutin, P. and Froguel, P. (2002): Genetics of obesity. Am J Pharmacogenomics, 2, 177–187.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Cole, T.J., Bellizzi, M.C., Flegal, K.M. and Dietz, W.H. (2000): Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. Bmj, 320, 1240–1243.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Charakida, M., Tousoulis, D., Skoumas, I., Pitsavos, C., et al. (2009): Inflammatory and thrombotic processes are associated with vascular dysfunction in children with familial hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis, 204, 532–537.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Eyzaguirre, F. and Mericq, V. (2009): Insulin resistance markers in children. Horm Res, 71, 65–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Fernández-Real, J.M., Broch, M., Vendrell, J., Richart, C., et al. (2000): Interleukin-6 gene polymorphism and lipid abnormalities in healthy subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 85, 1334–1339.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. GarcÍa-Artero, E., Ortega, F.B., Ruiz, J.R., Mesa, J.L., et al. (2007): Lipid and metabolic profiles in adolescents are affected more by physical fitness than physical activity (AVENA study). Rev Esp Cardiol, 60, 581–588.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. González-Gross, M., Castillo, M.J., Moreno, L., Nova, E., et al. (2003): Feeding and assessment of nutritional status of spanish adolescents (AVENA study). Evaluation of risks and interventional proposal. Nutr Hosp, 18, 15–28.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Goyenechea, E., Parra, D. and MartÍnez, J.A. (2007): Impact of interleukin 6 -174GτC polymorphism on obesity-related metabolic disorders in people with excess in body weight. Metabolism, 56, 1643–1648.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Hamid, Y.H., Rose, C.S., Urhammer, S.A., Glumer, C., et al. (2005): Variations of the interleukin-6 promoter are associated with features of the metabolic syndrome in Caucasian Danes. Diabetologia, 48, 251–260.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Higuchi, R. (1989): Simple and rapid preparation of samples for PCR. In “PCR technology”, (Erlich, Ed.), Stockton Press, pp. 31–38.

  13. Humphries, S.E., Luong, L.A., Ogg, M.S., Hawe, E., et al. (2001): The interleukin-6-174 G/C promoter polymorphism is associated with risk of coronary heart disease and systolic blood pressure in healthy men. Eur Heart J, 22, 2243–2252.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Illig, T., Bongardt, F., Schopfer, A., Muller-Scholze, S., et al. (2004): Significant association of the interleukin-6 gene polymorphisms C-174G and A-598G with type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 89, 5053–5058.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Isnard, P., Michel, G., Frelut, M.L., Vila, G., et al. (2003): Binge eating and psychopathology in severely obese adolescents. Int J Eat Disord, 34, 235–243.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Knoflach, M., Kiechl, S., Penz, D., Zangerle, A., et al. (2009): Cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in young women: atherosclerosis risk factors in female youngsters (ARFY study). Stroke, 40, 1063–1069.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Kubaszek, A., Pihlajamaki, J., Punnonen, K., Karhapaa, P., et al. (2003): The C-174G promoter polymorphism of the IL-6 gene affects energy expenditure and insulin sensitivity. Diabetes, 52, 558–561.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Marti, A., MartÍnez-González, M.A. and MartÍnez, J.A. (2008): Interaction between genes and lifestyle factors on obesity. Proc Nutr Soc, 67, 1–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. MartÍnez, J.A. (2000): Obesity in young Europeans: genetic and environmental influences. Eur J Clin Nutr, 54 Suppl 1, S56–60.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. MartÍnez, J.A., Moreno, M.J., Marques-Lopes, I. and Marti, A. (2002): Causes of obesity. An Sist Sanit Navar, 25 Suppl 1, 17–27.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. McKenzie, J.A., Weiss, E.P., Ghiu, I.A., Kulaputana, O., et al. (2004): Influence of the interleukin-6-174 G/C gene polymorphism on exercise training-induced changes in glucose tolerance indexes. J Appl Physiol, 97, 1338–1342.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Mohlig, M., Boeing, H., Spranger, J., Osterhoff, M., et al. (2004): Body mass index and C-174G interleukin-6 promoter polymorphism interact in predicting type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 89, 1885–1890.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Moreno-Aliaga, M.J., Campión, J., Milagro, F.I. and Berjón, A. (2005): Adiposity and proinflammatory state: The chicken or the egg. Adipocytes, 1, 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Moreno, L.A., Joyanes, M., Mesana, M.I., González-Gross, M., et al. (2003): Harmonization of anthropometric measurements for a multicenter nutrition survey in Spanish adolescents. Nutrition, 19, 481–486.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Moreno, L.A., Mesana, M.I., Fleta, J., Ruiz, J.R., et al. (2005): Overweight, obesity and body fat composition in spanish adolescents. The AVENA Study. Ann Nutr Metab, 49, 71–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Moreno, L.A., Mesana, M.I., González-Gross, M., Gil, C.M., et al. (2007): Body fat distribution reference standards in Spanish adolescents: the AVENA Study. Int J Obes (Lond), 31, 1798–1805.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Ortega, F.B., Tresaco, B., Ruiz, J.R., Moreno, L.A., et al. (2007): Cardiorespiratory fitness and sedentary activities are associated with adiposity in adolescents. Obesity (Silver Spring), 15, 1589–1599.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Panoulas, V.F., Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou, A., Metsios, G.S., Smith, J.P., et al. (2009): Association of interleukin-6 (IL-6)-174G/C gene polymorphism with cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the role of obesity and smoking. Atherosclerosis, 204, 178–183.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Puchau, B., Zulet, M.A., Gonzalez de Echavarri, A., Navarro-Blasco, I., et al. (2009): Selenium intake reduces serum C3, an early marker of metabolic syndrome manifestations, in healthy young adults. Eur J Clin Nutr, 63, 858–864.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Qureshi, M.M., Singer, M.R. and Moore, L.L. (2009): A cross-sectional study of food group intake and C-reactive protein among children. Nutr Metab (Lond), 6, 40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Razquin, C., Martinez, J.A., Martinez-Gonzalez, M.A., Fernandez-Crehuet, J., et al. (2009): A Mediterranean diet rich in virgin oil may reverse the effects of the -174G/C IL6 gene variant on 3-year body weight change. Mol Nutr & Food Res, (In press)

  32. Ruiz, J.R., Buxens, A., Artieda, M., Arteta, D., et al. (2009): The -174 G/C polymorphism of the IL6 gene is associated with elite power performance. J Sci Med Sport,

  33. Ruiz, J.R., Ortega, F.B., Warnberg, J., Moreno, L.A., et al. (2008): Inflammatory proteins and muscle strength in adolescents: the Avena study. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 162, 462–468.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Santos, M.G., Pegoraro, M., Sandrini, F. and Macuco, E.C. (2008): Risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis in childhood and adolescence. Arq Bras Cardiol, 90, 276–283.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Slaughter, M.H., Lohman, T.G., Boileau, R.A., Horswill, C.A., et al. (1988): Skinfold equations for estimation of body fatness in children and youth. Hum Biol, 60, 709–723.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Sorensen, K.E., Celermajer, D.S., Georgakopoulos, D., Hatcher, G., et al. (1994): Impairment of endothelium-dependent dilation is an early event in children with familial hypercholesterolemia and is related to the lipoprotein(a) level. J Clin Invest, 93, 50–55.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Vozarova, B., Weyer, C., Hanson, K., Tataranni, P.A., et al. (2001): Circulating interleukin-6 in relation to adiposity, insulin action, and insulin secretion. Obes Res, 9, 414–417.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Warnberg, J. and Marcos, A. (2008): Low-grade inflammation and the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents. Curr Opin Lipidol, 19, 11–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Warnberg, J., Moreno, L.A., Mesana, M.I. and Marcos, A. (2004): Inflammatory mediators in overweight and obese Spanish adolescents. The AVENA Study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 28 Suppl 3, S59-S63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Warnberg, J., Nova, E., Moreno, L.A., Romeo, J., et al. (2006): Inflammatory proteins are related to total and abdominal adiposity in a healthy adolescent population: the AVENA Study. Am J Clin Nutr, 84, 505–512.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Physiology and Toxicology, Univ. of Navarra, Spain

    A. Moleres, T. Rendo-Urteaga, J. A. MartÍnez & A. Marti (AVENA group)

  2. Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Dept. of Pediatrics, Univ. of Navarra, Univ. of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

    C. Azcona

  3. Immunonutrition Research Group, Dept. of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Instituto del Frío, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain

    S. Gómez-Martínez & A. Marcos

  4. Unit of Preventive Nutrition, Dept. of Biosciences and Nutrition at Novum, Karolinska Intitutet, Huddinge, Sweden

    J. R. Ruiz

  5. Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, School of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Spain

    L. A. Moreno

Authors
  1. A. Moleres
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. T. Rendo-Urteaga
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. C. Azcona
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. J. A. MartÍnez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. S. Gómez-Martínez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. J. R. Ruiz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. L. A. Moreno
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. A. Marcos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. A. Marti (AVENA group)
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A. Marti (AVENA group).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Moleres, A., Rendo-Urteaga, T., Azcona, C. et al. Il6 gene promoter polymorphism (-174G/C) influences the association between fat mass and cardiovascular risk factors. J Physiol Biochem 65, 405–413 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03185936

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03185936

Key words

Search

Navigation