Skip to main content
Log in

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Rotational Energy Profile of 3-Cyclopropyl-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-Di-N-oxide

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Chemical Crystallography Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

1,2,4-Benzotriazine 1,4-di-N-oxides are potent antitumor drug candidates that undergo in vivo bioreduction leading to selective DNA damage in the low oxygen (hypoxic) cells found in tumors. Tirapazamine (TPZ) is the lead compound in this family. Here we report on the synthesis, crystal structure, and conformational analysis of a new analog, 3-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-di-N-oxide (3). Compound 3 (C10H10N3O2) crystallized in the monoclinic space group C2/c. Unit cell parameters for 3: a = 16.6306 (12), b = 7.799 (5), c = 16.0113 (11) Å, α = 90, β = 119.0440 (10), γ = 90, and z = 8.

Graphical Abstract

1,2,4-Benzotriazine 1,4-di-N-oxides are antitumor drug candidates that undergo in vivo bioreduction to yield DNA-damaging radical intermediates in hypoxic tumor cells. Here we report on the synthesis, crystal structure, and conformational analysis of a new analog, 3-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-di-N-oxide (3).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Scheme 1
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Marco L, Olver I (2006) Curr Clin Oncol 1:71–79

    Google Scholar 

  2. Le Q-TX, Moon J, Redman M, Williamson SK, Lara PN Jr, Goldberg Z, Gaspar LE, Crowley JJ, Moore DF Jr, Gandara DR (2009) J Clin Oncol 27:3014–3019

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Horsman MR (1998) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 42:701–704

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Siemann DW (1998) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 42:697–699

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Vaupel P, Kallinowski F, Okunieff P (1989) Cancer Res 49:6449–6465

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Brown JM, Wilson WR (2004) Nat Rev Cancer 4:437–447

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Brown JM (1999) Cancer Res 59:5863–5870

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Zeman EM, Brown JM, Lemmon MJ, Hirst VK, Lee WW (1986) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 12:1239–1242

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Hay MP, Hicks KO, Pruijn FB, Pchalek K, Siim BG, Wilson WR, Denny WAJ (2007) Med Chem 50:6392–6404

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hay MP, Pchalek K, Pruijn FB, Hicks KO, Siim BG, Anderson RF, Shinde SS, Phillips V, Denny WA, Wilson WRJ (2007) Med Chem 50:6654–6664

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Chowdhury G, Junnutula V, Daniels JS, Greenberg MM, Gates KSJ (2007) Am Chem Soc 129:12870–12877

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Birincioglu M, Jaruga P, Chowdhury G, Rodriguez H, Dizdaroglu M, Gates KSJ (2003) Am Chem Soc 125:11607–11615

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Kotandeniya D, Ganley B, Gates KS (2002) Bioorg Med Chem Lett 12:2325–2329

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Daniels JS, Gates KS, Tronche C, Greenberg MM (1998) Chem Res Toxicol 11:1254–1257

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Junnotula V, Sarkar U, Sinha S, Gates KSJ (2009) Am Chem Soc 130:1015–1024

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Daniels JS, Gates KSJ (1996) Am Chem Soc 118:3380–3385

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Anderson RF, Shinde SS, Hay MP, Gamage SA, Denny WAJ (2003) Am Chem Soc 125:748–756

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Shinde SS, Hay MP, Patterson AV, Denny WA, Anderson RF (2009) J Am Chem Soc 131:14220–14221

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Sheldrick GM (1997) SHELXS-97, program for the solution 125 of crystal structures. University of Gottingen, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  20. Sheldrick GM (1997) SHELXS-97, program for the refinement 128 of crystal structures. University of Gottingen, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  21. Fuchs T, Gates KS, Hwang J-T, Greenberg MM (1999) Chem Res Toxicol 12:1190–1194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. de Boer JSAM, Loopstra BO, Stam CH (1987) Red Trau Chim Pays-Bas 106:537

    Google Scholar 

  23. Shen Q, Wells C, Traetteberg M, Bohn RK, Willis A, Knee J (2001) J Org Chem 66:5840–5845

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Bernal I, Levendis DC, Fuchs R, Reisner GM, Cassidy JM (1997) Struct Chem 84:275–285

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Drumright RE, Mas RH, Merola JS, Tanko JMJ (1990) Org Chem 55:4098–4102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Traetteberg M, Rauch K, de Meijere A (2005) J Mol Struct 738:25–31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Cramer CJ (2004) Essentials of computational chemistry. New York, Wiley

    Google Scholar 

  28. Frisch MJ, Trucks GW, Schlegel HB, Scuseria GE, Robb MA, Cheeseman JR, Montgomery JA Jr, Vreven T, Kudin KN, Burant JC, Millam JM, Iyengar SS, Tomasi J, Barone V, Mennucci B, Cossi M, Scalmani G, Rega N, Petersson GA, Nakatsuji H, Hada M, Ehara M, Toyota K, Fukuda R, Hasegawa J, Ishida M, Nakajima T, Honda Y, Kitao O, Nakai H, Klene M, Li X, Knox JE, Hratchian HP, Cross JB, Bakken V, Adamo C, Jaramillo J, Gomperts R, Stratmann RE, Yazyev O, Austin AJ, Cammi R, Pomelli C, Ochterski JW, Ayala PY, Morokuma K, Voth GA, Salvador P, Dannenberg JJ, Zakrzewski VG, Dapprich S, Daniels AD, Strain MC, Farkas O, Malick DK, Rabuck AD, Raghavachari K, Foresman JB, Ortiz JV, Cui Q, Baboul AG, Clifford S, Cioslowski J, Stefanov BB, Liu G, Liashenko A, Piskorz P, Komaromi I, Martin RL, Fox DJ, Keith T, Al-Laham MA, Peng CY, Nanayakkara A, Challacombe M, Gill PMW, Johnson B, Chen W, Wong MW, Gonzalez C, Pople JA (2004) Gaussian 03, revision D.01. Gaussian Inc., Wallingford

    Google Scholar 

  29. Cheeseman JR, Trucks GW, Keith TA, Frisch MJJ (1996) Chem Phys 104:5497–5509

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Alkorta I, Elguero J (2003) Struct Chem 14:377–389

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Deng W, Cheeseman JR, Frisch MJ (2006) J Chem Theory Comput 2:1028–1037

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank National Institutes of Health (CA 100757) for support of this work. MU Research Computing is supported by Federal Earmark NASA Funds for Bioinformatics Consortium Equipment and additional support from Dell, SGI, Sun Microsystems, TimeLogic and Intel.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kent S. Gates.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sarkar, U., Glaser, R., Parsons, Z.D. et al. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Rotational Energy Profile of 3-Cyclopropyl-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-Di-N-oxide. J Chem Crystallogr 40, 624–629 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10870-010-9707-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10870-010-9707-9

Keywords

Navigation