Abstract
1,2,4-Benzotriazine 1,4-di-N-oxides are potent antitumor drug candidates that undergo in vivo bioreduction leading to selective DNA damage in the low oxygen (hypoxic) cells found in tumors. Tirapazamine (TPZ) is the lead compound in this family. Here we report on the synthesis, crystal structure, and conformational analysis of a new analog, 3-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-di-N-oxide (3). Compound 3 (C10H10N3O2) crystallized in the monoclinic space group C2/c. Unit cell parameters for 3: a = 16.6306 (12), b = 7.799 (5), c = 16.0113 (11) Å, α = 90, β = 119.0440 (10), γ = 90, and z = 8.
Graphical Abstract
1,2,4-Benzotriazine 1,4-di-N-oxides are antitumor drug candidates that undergo in vivo bioreduction to yield DNA-damaging radical intermediates in hypoxic tumor cells. Here we report on the synthesis, crystal structure, and conformational analysis of a new analog, 3-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-di-N-oxide (3).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Marco L, Olver I (2006) Curr Clin Oncol 1:71–79
Le Q-TX, Moon J, Redman M, Williamson SK, Lara PN Jr, Goldberg Z, Gaspar LE, Crowley JJ, Moore DF Jr, Gandara DR (2009) J Clin Oncol 27:3014–3019
Horsman MR (1998) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 42:701–704
Siemann DW (1998) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 42:697–699
Vaupel P, Kallinowski F, Okunieff P (1989) Cancer Res 49:6449–6465
Brown JM, Wilson WR (2004) Nat Rev Cancer 4:437–447
Brown JM (1999) Cancer Res 59:5863–5870
Zeman EM, Brown JM, Lemmon MJ, Hirst VK, Lee WW (1986) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 12:1239–1242
Hay MP, Hicks KO, Pruijn FB, Pchalek K, Siim BG, Wilson WR, Denny WAJ (2007) Med Chem 50:6392–6404
Hay MP, Pchalek K, Pruijn FB, Hicks KO, Siim BG, Anderson RF, Shinde SS, Phillips V, Denny WA, Wilson WRJ (2007) Med Chem 50:6654–6664
Chowdhury G, Junnutula V, Daniels JS, Greenberg MM, Gates KSJ (2007) Am Chem Soc 129:12870–12877
Birincioglu M, Jaruga P, Chowdhury G, Rodriguez H, Dizdaroglu M, Gates KSJ (2003) Am Chem Soc 125:11607–11615
Kotandeniya D, Ganley B, Gates KS (2002) Bioorg Med Chem Lett 12:2325–2329
Daniels JS, Gates KS, Tronche C, Greenberg MM (1998) Chem Res Toxicol 11:1254–1257
Junnotula V, Sarkar U, Sinha S, Gates KSJ (2009) Am Chem Soc 130:1015–1024
Daniels JS, Gates KSJ (1996) Am Chem Soc 118:3380–3385
Anderson RF, Shinde SS, Hay MP, Gamage SA, Denny WAJ (2003) Am Chem Soc 125:748–756
Shinde SS, Hay MP, Patterson AV, Denny WA, Anderson RF (2009) J Am Chem Soc 131:14220–14221
Sheldrick GM (1997) SHELXS-97, program for the solution 125 of crystal structures. University of Gottingen, Germany
Sheldrick GM (1997) SHELXS-97, program for the refinement 128 of crystal structures. University of Gottingen, Germany
Fuchs T, Gates KS, Hwang J-T, Greenberg MM (1999) Chem Res Toxicol 12:1190–1194
de Boer JSAM, Loopstra BO, Stam CH (1987) Red Trau Chim Pays-Bas 106:537
Shen Q, Wells C, Traetteberg M, Bohn RK, Willis A, Knee J (2001) J Org Chem 66:5840–5845
Bernal I, Levendis DC, Fuchs R, Reisner GM, Cassidy JM (1997) Struct Chem 84:275–285
Drumright RE, Mas RH, Merola JS, Tanko JMJ (1990) Org Chem 55:4098–4102
Traetteberg M, Rauch K, de Meijere A (2005) J Mol Struct 738:25–31
Cramer CJ (2004) Essentials of computational chemistry. New York, Wiley
Frisch MJ, Trucks GW, Schlegel HB, Scuseria GE, Robb MA, Cheeseman JR, Montgomery JA Jr, Vreven T, Kudin KN, Burant JC, Millam JM, Iyengar SS, Tomasi J, Barone V, Mennucci B, Cossi M, Scalmani G, Rega N, Petersson GA, Nakatsuji H, Hada M, Ehara M, Toyota K, Fukuda R, Hasegawa J, Ishida M, Nakajima T, Honda Y, Kitao O, Nakai H, Klene M, Li X, Knox JE, Hratchian HP, Cross JB, Bakken V, Adamo C, Jaramillo J, Gomperts R, Stratmann RE, Yazyev O, Austin AJ, Cammi R, Pomelli C, Ochterski JW, Ayala PY, Morokuma K, Voth GA, Salvador P, Dannenberg JJ, Zakrzewski VG, Dapprich S, Daniels AD, Strain MC, Farkas O, Malick DK, Rabuck AD, Raghavachari K, Foresman JB, Ortiz JV, Cui Q, Baboul AG, Clifford S, Cioslowski J, Stefanov BB, Liu G, Liashenko A, Piskorz P, Komaromi I, Martin RL, Fox DJ, Keith T, Al-Laham MA, Peng CY, Nanayakkara A, Challacombe M, Gill PMW, Johnson B, Chen W, Wong MW, Gonzalez C, Pople JA (2004) Gaussian 03, revision D.01. Gaussian Inc., Wallingford
Cheeseman JR, Trucks GW, Keith TA, Frisch MJJ (1996) Chem Phys 104:5497–5509
Alkorta I, Elguero J (2003) Struct Chem 14:377–389
Deng W, Cheeseman JR, Frisch MJ (2006) J Chem Theory Comput 2:1028–1037
Acknowledgments
We thank National Institutes of Health (CA 100757) for support of this work. MU Research Computing is supported by Federal Earmark NASA Funds for Bioinformatics Consortium Equipment and additional support from Dell, SGI, Sun Microsystems, TimeLogic and Intel.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sarkar, U., Glaser, R., Parsons, Z.D. et al. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Rotational Energy Profile of 3-Cyclopropyl-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-Di-N-oxide. J Chem Crystallogr 40, 624–629 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10870-010-9707-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10870-010-9707-9