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Habituation of LG-mediated tailflip in the crayfish

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Invertebrate Neuroscience

Abstract

Crayfish escape from threatening stimuli by tailflipping. If a stimulus is applied to the rear, crayfish escape up and forwards in a summersault maneuver that is mediated by the activation of lateral giant (LG) interneurons. The occurrence probability of LG-mediated tailflip, however, diminishes and habituates if a stimulus is repeatedly applied. Since crayfish have a relatively simple CNS with many identifiable neurons, crayfish represent a good animal to analyze the cellular basis of habituation. A reduction in the amplitude of the EPSP in the LGs, caused by direct chemical synaptic connection from sensory afferents by repetitive stimulations, is essential to bring about an inactivation of the LGs. The spike response of the LGs recovers within several minutes of habituation, but the LGs subsequently fail to spike when an additional stimulus is applied after specific periods following habituation. These results indicate that a decline in synaptic efficacy from the mechanosensory afferents recovers readily after a short delay, but then the excitability of the LGs themselves decreases. Furthermore, the processes underlying habituation are modulated depending on a social status. When two crayfish encounter each other, a winner–loser relationship is established. With a short interstimulus interval of 5 s, the rate of habituation of the LG in both socially dominant and subordinate crayfish becomes lower than in socially isolated animals. Serotonin and octopamine affect this social status-dependent modulation of habituation by means of activation of downstream second messenger system of cAMP and IP3 cascades, respectively.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sport, Culture and Technology to T.N. We are grateful to Dr. H. Aonuma for his assistance of this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, 990-8560, Japan

    Toshiki Nagayama

  2. Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan

    Makoto Araki

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  1. Toshiki Nagayama
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  2. Makoto Araki
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Correspondence to Toshiki Nagayama.

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Nagayama, T., Araki, M. Habituation of LG-mediated tailflip in the crayfish. Invert Neurosci 15, 2 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10158-015-0178-8

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