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Initial studies on the direct and modulatory effects of nitric oxide on an identified central Helix aspersa neuron

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Invertebrate Neuroscience

Abstract

The generation of the novel messenger molecule nitric oxide (NO) has been demonstrated in many tissues across phyla including nervous systems. It is produced on demand by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase often stimulated by intracellular calcium and typically affecting guanylate cyclase thought to be its principal target in an auto and/or paracrine fashion. This results in the generation of the secondary messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Nitric oxide synthase has been demonstrated in various mollusk brains and manipulation of NO levels has been shown to affect behavior in mollusks. Apart from modulation of the effect of the peptide GSPYFVamide, there appears little published on direct or modulatory effects of NO on Helix aspersa central neurons. We present here initial results to show that NO can be generated in the region around F1 in the right parietal ganglion and that NO and cGMP directly hyperpolarize this neuron. For example, application of the NO-donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-d,l-penicillamine (SNAP; 200 µM) can cause a mean hyperpolarization of 41.7 mV, while 2 mM 8-bromo-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (8-bromo-cGMP) produced a mean hyperpolarization of 33.4 mV. Additionally, pre-exposure to NO-donors or cGMP appears to significantly reduce or even eliminates the normal hyperpolarizing K+-mediated response to dopamine (DA) by this neuron; 200 µM SNAP abolishes a standard response to 0.5 µM DA while 1 mM 8-bromo-cGMP reduces it 62 %.

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Acknowledgments

I would like to thank Vanessa Wright for her help in editing and preparation of graphics.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Levine College of Health Sciences, Wingate University School of Pharmacy, 515 N. Main Street, Wingate, NC, 28174, USA

    Nicholas J. D. Wright

  2. Department of Biology, ENMU, Portales, NM, 88130, USA

    Lynda J. Sides

  3. Department of Biology, Brazosport College, 500 College Drive, Lake Jackson, TX, 77566, USA

    Kerry Walling

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  1. Nicholas J. D. Wright
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  2. Lynda J. Sides
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  3. Kerry Walling
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Correspondence to Nicholas J. D. Wright.

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Wright, N.J.D., Sides, L.J. & Walling, K. Initial studies on the direct and modulatory effects of nitric oxide on an identified central Helix aspersa neuron. Invert Neurosci 15, 175 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10158-014-0175-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10158-014-0175-3

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