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Visual avoidance of faces in socially anxious individuals: The moderating effect of type of social situation Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2021-03-21 Jiemiao Chen, Esther van den Bos, Sara L.M. Velthuizen, P. Michiel Westenberg
Patients with social anxiety disorder appear to display aberrant gaze behavior across a variety of social situations. In contrast, the gaze behavior of high socially anxious (HSA) individuals from the community seems to depend on the type of situation and the aberration might be limited to gaze avoidance. This study investigated the differential effect of social situation—a face-viewing task and a
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The link between anxiety and assessment of body attitudes and body size estimation in anorexia nervosa Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2021-03-17 Birgit Hasenack, Lot Sternheim, Jojanneke Bijsterbosch, Anouk Keizer
Although body size estimation (BSE) tasks are frequently used to investigate distorted body representation in anorexia nervosa (AN), the link between anxiety and task performance has been overlooked. To investigate this, 30 female healthy controls (HCs) and 29 female AN patients completed two body attitude questionnaires and three BSE tasks (the Visual Estimation Task, the Tactile Estimation Task and
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The somatosensory system in anorexia nervosa: A scoping review Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2021-02-18 Max Teaford, Matthew S. McMurray, Vincent Billock, Madison Filipkowski, L. James Smart, Jr
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by a number of symptoms including food restriction and body perception distortions. In the present scoping review, we outline the current literature on sensory submodalities related to the somatosensory system in AN including affective touch, haptic perception, interoception, nociception, proprioception, and tactile perception as
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Inducing moral elevation in veterans with PTSD: An experimental investigation using a mixed methods approach Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 Adam P. McGuire, Joseph Mignogna
Moral elevation is a positive emotion described as feeling inspired by others’ virtuous actions. Elevation has several psychosocial benefits, some of which may be relevant to trauma-related distress; however, past studies have primarily examined elevation in nonclinical, civilian populations or in naturalistic studies. This experimental study used mixed methods to assess if veterans with post-traumatic
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An experimental test of the habit-goal framework: Depressive rumination is associated with heightened habitual characteristics of negative thinking but not habit-directed behavior control Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2020-12-08 Kristján Helgi Hjartarson, Ivar Snorrason, Ágústa Friðriksdóttir, Brynja B. Þórsdóttir, Nína B. Arnarsdóttir, Ragnar P. Ólafsson
Habitual thinking may underpin a heightened disposition to engage in rumination in response to negative mood, a widely held notion that has rarely been directly tested. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether rumination is associated with habitual attributes and whether it is related to an imbalance in habit relative to goal-directed behavior control. University students (N=115)
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Validation of the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale with female Hebrew-speaking students Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2020-12-04 Yosi Yaffe
The Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) is a measure widely used to assess individuals’ self-perceptions of intellectual and professional fraudulence. The study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Hebrew form for the CIPS (HCIPS) in female Hebrew-speaking students, in an attempt to further clarify its structure and strengthen its validity in international settings. The study
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Differentiating the roles of intolerance of uncertainty and negative beliefs about worry across emotional disorders Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2020-11-05 Alexander M. Penney, Geoffrey S. Rachor, Kendall A. Deleurme
Background: Researchers have examined intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and negative beliefs about worry (NBW) in emotional disorders. However, the distinct relationships of IU and NBW remain unclear. We examined IU and NBW across emotional disorders, controlling for overlapping symptoms. We also explored prospective and inhibitory IU. Methods: A sample of 565 undergraduates completed measures of IU
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Engagement and disengagement components of attentional bias to emotional stimuli in anxiety and depression Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2020-09-29 Andreas Blicher, Marie Louise Reinholdt-Dunne, Morten Hvenegaard, Clas Winding, Anders Petersen, Signe Vangkilde
Previous research shows that attentional bias is associated with emotional difficulties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the engagement and disengagement components of attentional bias to emotional stimuli in anxiety and depression using the attentional assessment task. The experimental groups consisted of 54 clinical participants in treatment for anxiety or depression and 54 control
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Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer in subclinical obsessive–compulsive disorder Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2020-07-22 Angelos-Miltiadis Krypotos, Iris M. Engelhard
Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) refers to the effect of stimuli that have been associated with a pleasant or aversive event on instrumental behaviors. Given that obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is linked to excessive compulsions, which in the laboratory can be tested via testing instrumental responses, we assessed PIT effects in individuals with subclinical levels of OCD. Participants
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It’s not over yet: The impact of worry on emotional recovery Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2020-06-23 Jayne Morriss, Nicolò Biagi, Carien M. van Reekum
Emotional reactivity and recovery are crucial for maintaining well-being. It remains unknown, however, to what extent emotion modulates the time course of recovery assessed using a simple categorization task and how this varies based on individual differences in worry. To address these questions, 35 participants viewed emotional pictures, followed by abstract greeble targets, which were to be categorized
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Positive imagery cognitive bias modification for symptoms of depression among university students in Pakistan: A pilot study Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2020-04-27 Akhtar Bibi, Jürgen Margraf, Simon E. Blackwell
Depression is highly prevalent among university students in Pakistan, but treatment provision is inadequate. Computerized interventions may provide one means of overcoming treatment barriers. The present study piloted a computerized cognitive training paradigm involving repeated generation of positive mental imagery, imagery cognitive bias modification (imagery CBM), as a potential brief intervention
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Latent structure, measurement invariance, and reliability of an Arabic version of the Short Health Anxiety Inventory Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2020-04-07 Ahmad Kassab Alshayea
The Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI) is a well-established, self-report measure of health anxiety (HA). However, no psychometrically adequate Arabic-speaking version of this measure is yet available. This study was therefore designed to provide an Arabic version of the SHAI and assess its latent structure, measurement invariance across gender, and internal consistency reliability. Forty hundred
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Effects of rumination on unwanted intrusive thoughts: A replication and extension Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2020-03-26 Martin Kollárik, Marcel van den Hout, Carlotta V. Heinzel, Patrizia D. Hofer, Roselind Lieb, Karina Wahl
Studies indicate that rumination might play a role in obsessive–compulsive disorder. In a previous experimental study, rumination about an unwanted intrusive thought (UIT) maintained the urge to neutralize this thought. We sought to replicate and extend these findings with measures of behavioral and mental neutralizing. Additionally, we investigated possible mechanisms that might be involved in the
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The effects of eye movements and alternative dual tasks on the vividness and emotionality of negative autobiographical memories: A meta-analysis of laboratory studies Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2020-03-18 Sanne T. L. Houben, Henry Otgaar, Jeffrey Roelofs, Harald Merckelbach, Peter Muris
Performing eye movements during memory retrieval is considered to be important for the therapeutic effect of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR). We conducted a meta-analysis of laboratory studies that compared the effects of eye movements and/or alternative dual tasks (e.g., counting) on the vividness and emotionality of negative autobiographical memories with recall only (control)
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Social anxiety compared to depression better accounts for enhanced acquisition of self-reported anxiety toward faces paired with negative evaluation in a conditioning task Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2020-02-19 Klint Fung, Lynn E. Alden
Previous studies have shown that social anxiety was associated with enhanced acquisition of anxiety as measured by subjective ratings in conditioning tasks using faces as the conditioned stimulus and negative evaluation as the unconditioned stimulus. However, a recent study failed to replicate the effect. The current study re-examined the enhanced acquisition effect with a larger sample, explored whether
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Influence of maternal ethnic–racial identity on children’s internalizing symptom trajectories Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2020-01-26 Vanja Lazarevic, Geneva Toledo, Jillian Lee Wiggins
We investigate the impact of maternal ethnic–racial identity on child internalizing trajectories in immigrant and U.S.-born Latinx families. Data from N=1,076 Latinx mothers’ reports at child ages 1, 3, 5, and 9 years were used. For children of U.S.-born mothers, but not immigrant mothers, greater levels of maternal ethnic–racial identity were associated with lower levels of internalizing symptoms
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The influence of visual working memory representations on attention bias to threat in individuals with high trait anxiety Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-10-17 Nisha Yao, Marcus A. Rodriguez, Mengyao He, Mingyi Qian
Experimental studies have yielded discrepant results regarding the relationship between anxiety and attention bias to threat. Cognitive factors modulating the presence of threat-related attention bias in anxiety have drawn growing attention. Previous research demonstrated that visual working memory (WM) representations can guide attention allocation in a top-down manner. Whether threat-related WM representations
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Affective and cognitive responses to repeated performance feedback across adaptive and maladaptive dimensions of perfectionism Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-10-17 Alice Lo, Maree J. Abbott
The study investigated the affective and cognitive responses (including self-beliefs about personality attributes and the level of certainty associated with these beliefs) to the repeated delivery of performance feedback (failure vs. success) across adaptive and maladaptive dimensions of perfectionism. Participants completed questionnaires and a mental rotation computer task, to which they received
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Emotional instability and expressive suppression are related to paranoia in daily life: An electronic mobile assessment study in nonclinical individuals Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-09-25 Clara Marie Nittel, Fabian Lamster, Winfried Rief, Tilo Kircher, Daniel Soll, Stephanie Mehl
Although instable negative emotions and problems in emotion regulation (ER) are common in patients with psychosis and are discussed as potential factors involved in the formation and maintenance of paranoia, it is unclear whether they increase the risk of developing paranoia in nonclinical controls. The present study aims to investigate whether the instability of negative emotions leads to paranoia
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Innovations and advances in cognitive behavioral therapy: Insights from experimental psychopathology Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-09-19 Allison J. Ouimet, Ryan J. Ferguson
At its core, the goal of experimental psychopathology is to understand what processes or mechanisms cause, maintain, or otherwise contribute to mental health problems (e.g., Zvolensky, Forsyth, & Johnson, 2013). There are countless examples of how this type of research has led to important improvements in treatment for people with psychological disorders. Perhaps most famously, Beck’s (1963) findings
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Evidence for an attention bias toward disgust in contamination fear Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-08-22 Ragnar P. Ólafsson, Aldís E. Friðriksdóttir, Sigrún Þ. Sveinsdóttir, Árni Kristjánsson
Although attention biases are common in various anxiety disorders, there is no consensus yet regarding attentional bias in obsessive–compulsive disorder. We assessed attention bias toward images involving contamination and disgust using an emotional attentional blink paradigm in a sample of university students high (HCF) or low (LCF) in contamination fear. Neutral, general-threat-, contamination-,
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Biased attention to threat and anxiety: On taking a developmental approach Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-08-21 Jessica L. Burris, Kristin Buss, Vanessa LoBue, Koraly Pérez-Edgar, Andy P. Field
Several researchers have proposed a causal relation between biased attention to threat and the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders in both children and adults. However, despite the widely documented correlation between attention bias to threat and anxiety, developmental research in this domain is limited. In this review, we highlight the importance of taking a developmental approach to
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Prediction of disability in schizophrenia: Symptoms, cognition, and self-assessment Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-08-02 Philip D. Harvey, Martin T. Strassnig, Juliet Silberstein
Schizophrenia is associated with wide-ranging disability across multiple functional domains. There are several determinants of disability that have been identified to date, including cognitive and social cognitive impairments, impairments in everyday functional skills and social skills, difficulties in self-assessment of abilities, and negative symptoms. These impairments are related to different elements
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Associations between self-reported impulsivity and a latent variable of impulsive action constructed from three laboratory tasks Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-07-01 Akira Hasegawa, Keita Somatori, Haruki Nishimura, Yosuke Hattori, Yoshihiko Kunisato
Previous research on relationships between self-reported impulsivity and behavioral impulsivity has been limited because behavioral impulsivity was assessed using individual tasks. To alleviate the task-impurity problem and the low reliability of laboratory tasks assessing impulsivity, the present study examined the correlations between a latent variable constructed from the performances of three laboratory
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Does craving for cocaine mediate cocaine use? Analysis of a randomized controlled pilot trial of memory-focused cognitive therapy Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-07-01 Camille Goetz, Tim Meynen, Luke Mitcheson, Nick Grey, Brian Eastwood, John Strang, John Marsden
Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a debilitating psychopathology, with no recommended medication therapy or specific psychological intervention. Memory-focused cognitive therapy (MFCT) is a novel psychotherapy for CUD, theorized to modify and reconsolidate cocaine craving-related memories for cognitive and behavioral control. A pilot randomized controlled trial indicated that this therapy is associated
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Tinnitus perception mediates the relationship between physiological and psychological problems among patients Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-07-01 Jaffar Abbas, Muhammad Aqeel, A. Jaffar, Mohammad Nurunnabi, Shaher Bano
The current study is the first substantial investigation to determine whether tinnitus perception mediates the relationship between physiological and psychological problems (PP). Simple random sampling, with a cross-sectional design, was used to collect data from 100 adult patients (males = 60; females = 40) diagnosed with chronic tinnitus. Subjects were approached through various public and private
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Accessing social media: Help or hindrance for people with social anxiety? Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-04-01 Sophie E. Carruthers, Emma L. Warnock-Parkes, David M. Clark
Despite increasing use of social media and the potential benefits for people with social anxiety (SA) disorder, little is known about the online experience of people with SA. Our study aimed to investigate the occurrence of cognitive and behavioral processes during a series of online and off-line Facebook (FB)-based tasks among individuals with high and low levels of SA. Sixty-one undergraduates with
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Exploring the effects of cognitive remediation on metacognition in people with schizophrenia Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-04-01 Matteo Cella, Clementine Edwards, Sarah Swan, Kay Elliot, Clare Reeder, Til Wykes
Background: Interventions targeting cognition in people with schizophrenia have shown moderate effects on improving functioning. Recent cognitive remediation (CR) approaches have begun to target metacognition to improve functioning outcomes. This study aims to develop a novel measure of metacognition and assess whether metacognitive-based CR (mCR) can improve metacognition. Method: We use data from
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A preliminary test of the therapeutic potential of written exposure with rescripting for generalized anxiety disorder Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-04-01 Melina M. Ovanessian, Naomi Koerner, Martin M. Antony, Michel J. Dugas
This experiment tested a novel written exposure intervention for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) that consisted of guided rescripting of participants’ worst fear. After describing their worst fear, adults with GAD (N = 79) were randomly assigned to one of three writing interventions, each consisting of three sessions on consecutive days: (1) standard written exposure (WE), (2) written exposure with
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Male body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, body composition, and attentional bias to body stimuli evaluated using visual search Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-04-01 Daniel Talbot, Evelyn Smith, John Cass
This study investigated the relationship between body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, and attentional bias to images of male bodies using a compound visual search task. Sixty-three male participants searched for a horizontal or vertical target line among tilted lines. A separate male body image was presented within proximity to each line. Overall, search times were faster when the target
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Metaperception of personality in schizophrenia Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-04-01 Amy E. Pinkham, Jonathon R. Shasteen, Robert A. Ackerman
Individuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) form less accurate mental representations of the self and others, which contributes to social dysfunction. It remains unclear, however, whether such deficits extend to metaperception (MP), the ability to understand how others view one’s own personality. In Phase 1 of this study, 30 individuals with SCZ and 30 healthy controls (HCs) had a videotaped conversation
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How malleable are attentional biases in women with body dissatisfaction? Priming effects and their impact on attention to images of women’s bodies Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-04-01 Samantha Withnell, Christopher R. Sears, Kristin M. von Ranson
Understanding attentional biases associated with body dissatisfaction can aid in devising and refining programs to reduce body dissatisfaction. This study compared attention to images of women’s bodies before and after a body satisfaction or body dissatisfaction priming task. Attention was assessed using eye-gaze tracking, by measuring participants’ fixations to images of “thin” models, “fat” models
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A randomized controlled trial of Internet-delivered CBT and attention bias modification for early intervention of depression Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-04-01 Rebecca McDermott, David J. A. Dozois
The conceptualization and empirical knowledge base related to major depression has increased dramatically in recent years. We now have well-developed and validated models of depression from a range of theoretical perspectives. These models have significantly enhanced the development of effective treatments and preventative interventions. Although various prevention programs are available, Web-based
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Metacognition in psychosis Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-04-01 Amy E. Pinkham
This Special Issue of the Journal of Experimental Psychopathology is designed to provide an overview of metacognition in psychosis. While the term metacognition has been used extensively in the psychological literature since it was formally defined by Flavell in 1979, the application of the construct to psychotic disorders, specifically schizophrenia, has been much slower and has only recently gained
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A review of experimental research on anxiety and sexual arousal: Implications for the treatment of sexual dysfunction using cognitive behavioral therapy Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-04-01 Leanne Kane, Samantha J. Dawson, Krystelle Shaughnessy, Elke D. Reissing, Allison J. Ouimet, Andrea R. Ashbaugh
Clinical models of sexual response link anxiety to the etiology of sexual dysfunction. Furthermore, some cognitive behavioral therapies (CBTs) for sexual dysfunction have included strategies targeting anxiety reduction. This review examines the experimental literature on the effects of manipulating aspects of the anxiety response (e.g., anxious sensations, thoughts, attentional focus) on genital and
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Greater body appreciation moderates the association between maladaptive attentional biases and body dissatisfaction in undergraduate women Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-04-01 Leah N. Tobin, Amy H. Barron, Christopher R. Sears, Kristin M. von Ranson
Attentional biases for weight-related information are thought to contribute to maintenance of body dissatisfaction and eating disorders. Women with greater body appreciation may pay less attention to thin-ideal cues if body appreciation protects them from negative effects of thin-ideal media, and if so, they may be less susceptible to development of maladaptive attentional biases. The present study
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Self-concept certainty in adaptive and maladaptive perfectionists Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-04-01 Alice Lo, Maree J. Abbott
The present study examined the content of self-related beliefs (i.e., the self-concept) and the level of certainty associated with these beliefs (i.e., self-concept certainty) across adaptive and maladaptive dimensions of perfectionism. A sample of 103 university students (26 adaptive perfectionists, 28 maladaptive perfectionists, and 49 non-perfectionists) completed a series of questionnaires and
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Depression and reduced emotional experience in schizophrenia: Correlations with self-reported and informant-rated everyday social functioning Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-04-01 Philip D. Harvey, Elizabeth Deckler, Mackenzie T. Jones, L. Fredrik Jarskog, David L. Penn, Amy E. Pinkham
Negative symptoms and depression persist in one third of patients with schizophrenia. Previous studies suggested that depression has more impact on self-perceived compared to observer-rated social functions. Reduced emotional experience, a subdomain of negative symptoms, predicts social functioning deficits, although its role in self-assessment is unclear. We examined depression and reduced emotional
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Investigating the effects of imagery rescripting on emotional memory: A series of analogue studies Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-04-01 Anna E. Kunze, Arnoud Arntz, Merel Kindt
Imagery rescripting (IR) is a promising treatment for a variety of disorders, but its working mechanisms remain largely unknown. To elucidate the associative and evaluative learning processes underlying IR, we exposed participants to an aversive film clip followed by an instructed fear-conditioning procedure. The acquired fear memory was subsequently manipulated by either rescripting- (IR) or exposure-based
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Metacognitive deficits and social functioning in schizophrenia across symptom profiles: A latent class analysis Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Emily C. Gagen, Aieyat B. Zalzala, Jesse Hochheiser, Ashley Schnakenberg Martin, Paul H. Lysaker
Functional deficits are a hallmark of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, but much debate still exists over why and how they originate. One model suggests that disturbances in social functioning are a result of metacognitive deficits or a failure to integrate information to form more complex ideas of themselves and others. It is unclear if this social dysfunction is present across different symptom presentations
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Coping with negative mental images in social anxiety disorder: Investigating the potential benefits of image morphing Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Vanja Vidovic, Mia Romano, David A. Moscovitch
Negative mental imagery contributes to symptom maintenance in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Here, we investigated the effects of image morphing, a brief mental strategy designed to facilitate access to positive images. Participants with SAD and healthy control (HC) participants were randomly assigned to receive either image morphing or supportive counseling. Although initial training and 1-week daily
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Exploring the preliminary effectiveness and acceptability of food-based exposure therapy for eating disorders: A case series of adult inpatients Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Nicholas R. Farrell, Owen R. Bowie, Maxine M. Cimperman, Brad E. R. Smith, Bradley C. Riemann, Cheri A. Levinson
Although exposure therapy is effective in reducing eating-related fears and avoidance in individuals with eating disorders (EDs), there has been little study of this treatment in inpatient settings. To address this gap, we conducted a case series to evaluate the effects of a food-based exposure therapy intervention on eating-related fears and avoidant behaviors among adults being treated for an ED
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Acceptance and efficacy of a metacognitive self-help intervention in an Arabic-speaking mixed patient sample with depression and/or obsessive–compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Steffen Moritz, Schaimaa Irshaid, Annabel Beiner, Marit Hauschildt, Franziska Miegel
Objective: In Arabic-speaking countries, most individuals with depression or obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) do not seek or receive evidence-based treatment due to a dearth of facilities, shame/self-stigma, or religious concerns. The feasibility and effectiveness of “Western” psychotherapeutic concepts have rarely been evaluated for Arabic-speaking populations. The present study examined the efficacy
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Metacognition and recovery in schizophrenia: From research to the development of metacognitive reflection and insight therapy Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Paul H. Lysaker, Marina Kukla, Jenifer L. Vohs, Ashley M. Schnakenberg Martin, Kelly D. Buck, Ilanit Hasson Ohayon
Metacognition refers to a spectrum of activities which spans from noticing discrete experiences to synthesizing them into a larger sense of the self and others. Evidence suggesting that deficits in metacognition are broadly present in schizophrenia and represent a potent barrier to recovery from schizophrenia has led to increasing interest in the development of metacognitively oriented treatments.
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Trustworthiness judgments are associated with interpersonal functioning in individuals with schizophrenia Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Michal Hajdúk, Dana Krajčovičová, Miroslava Zimányiová, Viera Kořínková, Anton Heretik, Ján Pečeňák
Rapid and accurate trustworthiness judgments are important during successful day-to-day social interactions because they can influence the decision whether to approach someone and initiate social interaction. The aim of the present study was to analyze associations between these judgments and self-reported and clinician-rated social functioning. The sample consisted of 48 patients with schizophrenia
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Blinded by our emotions: The impact of borderline personality disorder and affect on emotion recognition sensitivity Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Kibby McMahon, Kwanguk Kim, Caitlin M. Fang, Andrada D. Neacsiu, M. Zachary Rosenthal
Previous studies have demonstrated abnormalities in emotion recognition within individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, it is yet unknown how much these abnormalities can be attributed to emotional states or affect. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the independent effects of BPD, positive affect, and negative affect on emotion recognition sensitivity
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Metacognitive capacity and negative symptoms in first episode psychosis: Evidence of a prospective relationship over a 3-year follow-up Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Stephen Fitzgerald Austin, Paul H. Lysaker, Jens Einar Jansen, Anne Marie Trauelsen, Hanne-Grethe Lyse Nielsen, Marlene Buch Pedersen, Ulrik Helt Haahr, Erik Simonsen
Negative symptoms can be linked to Bleuler’s concept of splitting or fragmentation of thought, affect, and will. Research has shown a link between disturbances in metacognition and negative symptoms, although relatively few studies have examined this relationship longitudinally. The aim of this article is to examine whether metacognitive capacity among patients with first episode psychosis (FEP) predicted
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Out with the old and in with the new: The role of intolerance of uncertainty in reversal of threat and safety Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Jayne Morriss, Francesco Saldarini, Catherine Chapman, Miriam Pollard, Carien M. van Reekum
Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is associated with difficulty in updating contingencies from threatening to safe during extinction learning. However, it is unknown whether high IU individuals have difficulty (1) generally with updating threat to safe associations when contingencies change or (2) specifically with updating threat to safe associations during extinction learning, where direct threat is
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Unique and Interactive Relations among Posttraumatic Stress, Distress Tolerance, and Anger Responding to Traumatic Event Cues. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2019-01-01 Danielle M Morabito,Kimberly A Babson,Christal L Badour,Matthew T Feldner
Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated an association between posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and anger. Expanding upon past research, the current study examined the interactive associations among PTSS, distress tolerance (DT), and anger responding among a sample of 95 trauma-exposed adults. This study used a personalized script-driven imagery procedure to gauge emotional responses
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Attentional control associated with core cognitive maintenance factors of social anxiety Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2018-10-01 Rachel A. Sluis, Mark J. Boschen, David L. Neumann, Karen Murphy
Models of social anxiety emphasize anticipatory processing (AP) and post-event processing (PEP) as repetitive negative thinking (RNT) processes that occur before and after social-evaluative events, respectively. Both AP and PEP have been implicated as maladaptive processes which maintain social anxiety. Accordingly, a common vulnerability, such as poor attentional control, may serve to maintain both
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Isolating therapeutic procedures to investigate mechanisms of change in cognitive behavioral therapy for depression Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2018-10-01 Sanne J. E. Bruijniks, Marit Sijbrandij, Caroline Schlinkert, Marcus J. H. Huibers
Background: Isolating a therapeutic procedure might be a powerful way to enhance our understanding of how cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) works. The present study explored new methods to isolate cognitive procedures and to study their direct impact on hypothesized underlying processes and CBT outcome. Method: The effects of a cognitive therapy skill acquisition procedure (n = 36) were compared to
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From the laboratory to the clinic (and back again): How experiments have informed cognitive–behavior therapy for obsessive–compulsive disorder Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2018-10-01 Jean-Philippe Gagné, Kenneth Kelly-Turner, Adam S. Radomsky
Behavioral and cognitive models—as well as complementary theories such as the inference-based, mood-as-input, and seeking proxies for internal states approaches—have been put forward to explain the development and maintenance of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Although theory is important to inform the conceptualization and treatment of OCD, experimental research is essential to provide empirical
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A latent profile analysis of repetitive negative thinking: Distinguishing ruminators from worriers Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2018-10-01 Blair E. Wisco, Andre J. Plate, Casey L. May, Amelia Aldao
Rumination (negative thinking about the past) and worry (anxious apprehension) are two forms of repetitive thinking associated with psychopathology. Prior research indicates that rumination and worry have both distinct and overlapping features, but the extent to which there are separable groups of individuals who engage in rumination, worry, or both has yet to be examined. We used latent profile analysis
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Do safety behaviors preserve threat expectancy? Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2018-10-01 Sophie L. van Uijen, Edwin S. Dalmaijer, Marcel A. van den Hout, Iris M. Engelhard
Empirical evidence for the detrimental effect of safety behaviors on fear extinction is inconsistent. This fear conditioning study investigated whether the negative effects of safety behavior on extinction learning depend on whether safety behavior precludes the occurrence of threat. In two experiments, participants first underwent fear acquisition. During a subsequent extinction procedure, participants
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Mechanisms of change in metacognitive and cognitive behavioral therapy for treatment-resistant anxiety Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2018-07-01 Asle Hoffart, Sverre Urnes Johnson, Hans Morten Nordahl, Adrian Wells
Metacognitive therapy (MCT) has shown promising outcomes across disorders, but, currently, little is known about the mechanisms of change in MCT as well as their specificity compared to those of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The main purpose of this study was to examine the within-person relationships between features of the cognitive attentional syndrome (CAS)—the thinking style supposed to
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A systematic review of the relationship between rigidity/flexibility and transdiagnostic cognitive and behavioral processes that maintain psychopathology Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2018-07-01 Lydia Morris, Warren Mansell
An ever-growing number of transdiagnostic processes that maintain psychopathology across disorders have been identified. However, such processes are not consistently associated with psychological distress and symptoms. An understanding of what makes such processes pathological is required. One possibility is that individual differences in rigidity in the implementation of these processes determine
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The moderating role of anxiety sensitivity in the co-occurrence of anxiety and depression symptoms among clinically anxious children Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2018-07-01 Andres G. Viana, Emma C. Woodward, Abigail E. Hanna, Elizabeth M. Raines, Candice A. Alfano, Michael J. Zvolensky
The co-occurrence between anxiety and depression symptoms among children with anxiety disorders is well-known, yet there is considerable heterogeneity in terms of explanatory factors. Although cognitive–affective processes have been hypothesized to play a prominent role, surprisingly, no research to date has examined the role of anxiety sensitivity in this co-occurrence. The present investigation examined
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The effect of task difficulty on decision-making Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2018-07-01 Estrella Serrano-Guerrero, Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Testal, Agustín Martín-Rodríguez, Miguel Ruiz-Veguilla
The aim was to determine whether there are differences between groups in jumping to conclusions and the number of beads required to make a decision based on task difficulty. An assessment was made of 19 patients with non-affective psychosis, 19 with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and 19 healthy controls. The Beads Task scale was used in its two versions. Patients with non-affective psychosis
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Wiping your conscience clean Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2018-07-01 Mahreen Khan, Jessica R. Grisham
The Macbeth effect is a proposed phenomenon, whereby feelings of immorality activate a desire to cleanse. Extensions of this theory suggest that cleansing alleviates immoral feelings, thus reducing the urge to engage in compensatory behaviors, such as volunteering. We examined the Macbeth effect and volunteerism in undergraduate students with high levels of obsessive-compulsive disorder contamination
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Differences in emotions and cognitions experienced in contamination aversion Journal of Experimental Psychopathology (IF 1.34) Pub Date : 2018-07-01 Melissa Rouel, Richard J. Stevenson, Josephine Milne-Home, Evelyn Smith
A current model of contamination aversion suggests that it has distinct affective and cognitive components that interact to respond to threats. The affective component involves disgust and responds preferentially to direct contaminants (e.g., feces). The cognitive component involves obsessive beliefs and responds preferentially to indirect contaminants (e.g., money). This study examined characteristics
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