OBJECTIVE Embitterment encapsulates reactive emotions such as worthlessness or helplessness after negative life events that contravene one's basic beliefs. However, no psychological model of the development of persistent embitterment has yet been investigated. We examined mediating factors for reactive embitterment, focusing on cognitive processes, including coping and rumination, among young South

Objective: Exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health issue associated with deleterious mental and medical health comorbidities, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The hallmark symptoms of posttraumatic stress (PTS), even when not meeting the threshold for a diagnosis of PTSD, appear to be underpinned by poor self-regulation in multiple domains, including

OBJECTIVE Home violence exposure (HVE) varies by type and frequency of exposure, which can lead to uncertainty when determining what is traumatic and what is not, particularly when assessing posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and disorder (PTSD). The current study examined whether specific types of HVE were associated with specific types of PTSS to help determine what experiences may rise to the

Objective: The link between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and negative health outcomes is well established among middle-aged adults and within the general population; however, ACEs' impact on physical health among emerging adults and specific ethnic minority groups, such as distinct Asian American subgroups, remains understudied and poorly understood. The aim of this study was to examine the

OBJECTIVE Depression and anxiety are comorbid conditions that are disproportionately high among American Indians (AIs) or Alaska Natives. The purpose of this study was to identify potential risk (e.g., low income, intimate partner violence [IPV], adverse childhood experiences [ACEs]) and protective factors (e.g., family resilience, social and community support) related to symptoms of depression and

Objective: Previous research has shown that first responders exhibit elevated rates of psychopathology. Factors predicting the development of this psychopathology, however, remain understudied. This study longitudinally examined predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety symptoms in first responders. Method: Participants included 135 emergency medical service (EMS)

Objective: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are stressful life events that occur during development. It is well-established that ACE exposure has negative downstream implications for a broad range of health-related behaviors, ultimately hastening mortality. Underlying mechanisms linking the experience of early life adversity with poor health remain less understood, however, and thus potential targets

Background: The primary aim of the current study was to establish the cutoffs scores for the Subjective Traumatic Outlook (STO), a relatively new tool that examines the introspective worldview of those exposed to traumatic events. This tool was developed as a complementary scale to be used in conjunction with the observed-phenomenological measures of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) complex PTSD

Objective: Extensive research supports the contention that trauma exposure is a nonspecific risk factor for the development of eating disorders (EDs). Limited research has investigated the relative association of diverse types of traumatic events with EDs in the same statistical model. In a recent exception, Breland et al. (2018) found that only sexual trauma predicted ED pathology among female veterans

Objective: Studies suggest that physical activity (PA) improves psychological recovery in trauma-exposed populations like first responders. However, trauma exposure varies among first responders in relation to their unique service roles and duties. The purpose of this study was to examine the interaction effect of service role (traditional vs. emotional support first responders) and PA on mental health

OBJECTIVE Chronic pain can disrupt everyday life and shatter beliefs about the world. Shattered beliefs may be rebuilt, either positively or negatively, leading to posttraumatic growth (PTG) or posttraumatic depreciation (PTD). According to a transdiagnostic emotion regulation perspective, these phenomena are associated with coping strategies and emotions related to the body, self, others, and the

Objective: Research consistently documents the high rates and deleterious outcomes of dating and sexual violence (DSV) among college students. Thus, there is an urgency to identify cost-effective interventions that can mitigate the negative outcomes associated with these forms of violence. The purpose of the current study was to conduct secondary analyses to assess whether a two-session, face-to-face

OBJECTIVE Research has demonstrated that traumatic experiences have significant links to suicidal ideation (SI), particularly among older adults. The present study examined SI among older adults with a history of war trauma and the role of perceptions relating to one's age (subjective age) in predicting SI. METHOD Drawing from a larger longitudinal study, we analyzed data based on interviews with 125

OBJECTIVE There is little evidence that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is more likely to follow traumatic events defined by Criterion A than non-Criterion A stressors. Criterion A events might have greater predictive validity for International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11 PTSD, which is a condition more narrowly defined by core features. We evaluated the impact of using Criterion A, an

OBJECTIVE While the comparative efficacy of prolonged exposure (PE) and cognitive processing therapy (CPT) has been examined in outpatient settings, there is a dearth of literature on the relative effectiveness of these interventions when adapted for an intensive treatment format. In an expanded secondary analysis of a previous study, we sought to examine the comparative effectiveness of PE and CPT

Objective: Insomnia, characterized by difficulty falling and staying asleep, is a common and debilitating symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that is resistant to first-line, trauma-focused therapies. Previous research has found that sleep-directed hypnosis improves subjective sleep quality, particularly sleep onset latency, in women with PTSD. However, it cannot be assumed that improvements

Objective: Exposure to traumatic events has been associated with psychiatric symptoms and prevalence of psychiatric disorders in adolescents. This study was conducted to examine, in a U.S. probability sample of adolescents, the association between lifetime exposure to traumatic events and current (i.e., 30-day) severity of serious emotional disturbance (SED) using a brief screening measure commonly

Objective: Trauma-informed care (TIC) is increasingly used to address and prevent adverse childhood experiences. However, research on the implementation process of TIC has lagged, limiting its impact and sustainability. The goal of this two-study project was to provide a summary of staff- and system-level contextual factors relevant to TIC implementation. Method: Study 1 was a secondary data analysis

OBJECTIVE There is a lack of research on primary prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and substance use among trauma-exposed populations. To guide the development of more effective prevention efforts, the current study sought to identify underlying coping mechanisms that impact PTSD-substance use co-occurrence. METHOD A person-centered analytic approach (latent class analysis)

Military veterans are exposed to unique deployment stressors that can precipitate the onset of various psychological difficulties, including the perception that an important moral standard has been transgressed (i.e., potentially morally injurious events [PMIEs]) and the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Vulnerability to these outcomes may be related to individual differences

Objective: We investigate the potential therapeutic application of virtual reality (VR) technology as an aid to meditation practice among persons varying in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Method: In this within-group mixed-methods study, 96 young adults practiced both VR- and non-VR-guided meditations and reported on their experience of positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA), other

OBJECTIVE Several studies have raised doubts about the effectiveness of posttraumatic growth (PTG) as a mechanism that promotes functioning. This study explored this issue in several directions: First, it examined whether functioning is negatively associated with posttraumatic symptoms (PTS), dissociation, and depression. Second, it determined whether PTG is positively associated with functioning.

OBJECTIVE Posttraumatic growth and benefit finding describe the potential for positive changes resulting from traumatic experiences, including cancer. In oncology, these constructs are increasingly examined concurrently using the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and the Benefit Finding Scale (BFS). However, distinctions between these constructs and their corresponding scales are not altogether

OBJECTIVE Military veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exhibit heightened rates of deliberate self-harm, yet few studies have explored underlying mechanisms. Addressing this critical gap in the literature, the present study examined the roles of negative and positive emotion dysregulation in the relation between PTSD severity and deliberate self-harm. METHOD Data were collected from

OBJECTIVES Research has long established that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can lead to a range of negative psychological consequences, including posttraumatic stress symptoms. It is also increasingly recognized that ACEs can serve as a catalyst for positive changes, such as posttraumatic growth (PTG). The mechanisms by which people report negative or positive changes are less well known. This

OBJECTIVE Pregnancy loss is thought to impact women's perceptions of the world around them. Despite the growing recognition that this loss can have a differential impact on an individual's mental health, research focused on women's positive psychological change and factors contributing to it following pregnancy loss is scarce. This study explored relationships among core belief challenge, rumination

Objective: Peritraumatic dissociation, a dissociative reaction that occurs at the time of a traumatic event, has been established as a strong risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, self-reported peritraumatic dissociation is typically assessed months or years after trauma exposure and may be influenced by current distress levels and other factors. Method: We examined the temporal

This article gives a bird's-eye view on how the 2nd-most populous country, that is, India, is fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite so much improvement in the Indian health system, there are gaps and challenges in pandemic preparedness. This article portrays the problems being faced by the nation in dealing with the pandemic and the steps taken by the country to fight the virus. (PsycInfo Database

In the 1st trimester of 2020, there were mixed feelings among Haitians about the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. In effect, many of the concerns emanating from the relatively weak health infrastructure in Haiti were analyzed from a resilience perspective. Many professionals living in Haiti with whom we have conversed believe that Haitians were better prepared to cope with the social distancing and

OBJECTIVE This study is a follow-up to van der Kolk et al. (2014), a trial conducted through the Trauma Center at Justice Resource Institute, which demonstrated treatment efficacy and remains the only randomized controlled trial of trauma-sensitive yoga. The present process study extends the outcomes study by examining treatment moderators of the original trial. METHOD Sixty-four women with childhood

Objective: Persons in psychiatric inpatient hospitals represent a unique population with high rates of suicidal ideation and behavior as well as childhood maltreatment. Lower levels of perceived distress tolerance (DT) are associated with a history of childhood maltreatment and suicidal ideation and behavior in adulthood. Our study examined the association of childhood maltreatment severity with self-report

As different countries grapple with COVID-19, stringent measures aimed at controlling its spread have been put in place. However, these preventive measures coupled with the fear of contracting the disease are likely to have negative effects on the mental health of the general population. We describe the containment measures taken by the government of Uganda and highlight how these measures are likely

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the emergence of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in Greek health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted via an online survey from April 10 until April 13, 2020. The survey included sociodemographic questions and the following psychometric tools: the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory, the

Background: There is a large body of research indicating that trauma increases risk for cardiovascular disease, but mechanisms that explain this relationship are not well understood. One potential explanation may be that trauma has been found to be associated with both impulsivity and dysfunctional health behaviors, which in turn lead to cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this article was to determine

The COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed hospitals all over the world. To reduce the risk of transmission of COVID-19 and meet the increasing mental health demands due to this trauma, psychiatry outpatient services have gone online in various countries. We describe steps taken at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan, to start these services during this pandemic. We also discuss the obstacles

OBJECTIVE Trauma-focusing treatments such as eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) are highly effective in reducing the core symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), for example, intrusive memories and flashbacks, hyperarousal, and avoidance. Additionally, suffering from PTSD is often accompanied by a broader set of mental comorbidities and complaints such as depression, anxiety

OBJECTIVE Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are comorbid consequences of intimate partner violence (IPV), and models explain this comorbidity via an intrinsic relationship between them. The current study posits that changes in both disorders may provide a clearer picture regarding the interrelations between them. We examined mutual contributions of changes in PTSD and depression to

OBJECTIVE Studies applying a betrayal trauma theory (BTT) framework to adult abuse have measured dependence by asking about the closeness of the victim-offender relationship. However, women's experiences of dependence may vary even in close victim-offender relationships, such as in the case of abuse perpetrated by intimate partners. This investigation assessed whether subgroups of women who were abused

OBJECTIVE Episodes of mass violence can increase mental health (MH) symptoms among survivors, possibly leading to increased MH service use. Within the context of an episode of mass violence that impacted a university community, we prospectively explore the predisposing (demographics, clinical levels of MH symptoms, victimization history, objective exposure, and social support), enabling (MH stigma

In the wake of COVID-19, the capacity to track emerging trends in mental health symptoms and needs will guide public health responses at multiple ecological levels. Using Google Trends to track population-level mental health-related Google searches in the United States, this investigation identified pandemic-associated spikes in searches related to anxiety symptoms and remote treatments for anxiety

Objective: Research indicates that cognitive functioning is negatively impacted by exposure to chronic stress due to overactivation of the stress response. Yoga has demonstrated benefits when practiced by individuals diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This quasi-experimental pilot study examined the impact of a yoga intervention on cognitive functioning, symptoms of PTSD, and the

India enforced one of the world's largest lockdowns in the last quarter of March 2020 to minimize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This commentary focuses on the mental health implications of the ongoing pandemic as well as the lockdown that lasted for more than two months and is still in place in certain areas. Whereas loneliness, stress, anxiety, and depression have been widespread, vulnerable

OBJECTIVE Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) are two commonly co-occurring conditions among women veterans. Each contributes to functional impairment that is compounded in those with both diagnoses. This emphasizes the need for integrated evidence-based treatments aimed at reducing symptoms of both. This pilot study examined feasibility and preliminary effectiveness

This article reviews the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in India. Specifically, social, psychological, and systemic factors that have adverse implications are discussed. Identifying and addressing these factors have implications for the development of policies and interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Objectives: Transdiagnostic interventions have been increasingly used in the management of a variety of mental health and substance use conditions, and in the context of chronic stress. We discuss the development and evaluation of the Integrated Intervention for Dual Problems and Early Action (IIDEA), a 10-session manualized intervention that includes cognitive therapy and mindfulness practice designed

The aim of this report is to provide a picture about Hungarians' attitudes and behaviors 1 month after the first COVID-19 case was confirmed in Hungary. Based on survey data from 1,552 adults that were collected in mid-April 2020, it appears that Hungarians agree with and follow the preventive measures of the government. There are, however, differences between 3 age groups (i.e., 18-30, 31-59, and

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a global health threat, with every nation facing unique challenges during the outbreak. Such pandemics are much beyond biological phenomena. They have psychosocial and economic implications that might long outlast the infection itself. India recently crossed 50,000 cases and is undergoing a historic nationwide lockdown in an attempt to control

OBJECTIVE Comorbid chronic pain and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is common in veterans; this comorbidity is associated with increased severity and poorer prognosis when compared to each outcome alone. Yoga has been shown to be effective for chronic pain and promising for PTSD, but yoga for comorbid pain and PTSD has not been examined. This article offers empirical support for a yoga intervention

OBJECTIVE Patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are often not offered exposure therapy for PTSD due to concerns that symptoms may worsen. This study examined whether initiating exposure would cause exacerbation of PTSD, alcohol use, depression, or suicidal ideation (SI) among patients with PTSD/AUD participating in exposure therapy for PTSD. METHOD Veterans

OBJECTIVE Developmental trauma or chronic early childhood exposure to abuse and neglect by caregivers has been shown to have a long-lasting pervasive impact on mental and neural development, including problems with attention, impulse control, self-regulation, and executive functioning. Its long-term effects are arguably the costliest public health challenge in the United States. Children with developmental

OBJECTIVE Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) smoke at higher rates compared to the general population and experience significant barriers to initiating cessation treatment. Proactive outreach addresses these barriers by directly engaging with smokers and facilitating access to treatment. The objective of the present study was to evaluate a proactive outreach intervention for increasing

OBJECTIVE Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are early life experiences of abuse and neglect, and observed violence, among others. For military veterans, both ACEs and combat exposure are associated with mental health problems. METHOD This study examines the relationship between ACEs and combat exposure on the current mental health in a large sample of recent post-9/11 U.S. veterans. RESULTS Fifty-nine

This short piece is a reflection on some of the stark cultural, social, and official differences between Australian and Jordanian handling of the mental health crisis triggered by COVID-19 seen through the eyes of two researchers living in the 2 countries. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

This commentary summarizes the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the people's response to the steps taken by the Saudi government to decrease the impact of this psychological trauma and stress. It is concluded that people are responding well to the threat of psychological trauma imposed by this disease and are following the instructions of their government and health regulatory body

The COVID-19 pandemic, like other disasters, is exposing and exacerbating social, economic, and health care inequalities. Although the ethical and clinical imperative of providing culturally-competent health care has long been recognized, the influence of culturally-competent interventions within emergency management has not been systematically examined. This paper discusses several culturally-competent

School based health centers (SBHC) provide healthcare services to youth and their families. In response to the global health crisis from COVID-19, schools' closures have impacted the access to vital services during times of increased need for physical and mental healthcare. Youth of minority racial and ethnic backgrounds living in urban settings face compounding factors including adverse childhood

The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has put a great strain on the physical and mental health of health care workers across the globe. This commentary provides an overview of mental health initiatives implemented at an academic medical center to support health care workers during this challenging time and highlights lessons learned. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is a call that psychologists must answer with a dynamic, integrated mental health response that incorporates public education and dissemination, training, research, and service. These areas are central components to our mission at the Clinical-Disaster Research Center, housed in the Department of Psychology at the University of Mississippi and part of the university's

At this time, nurses within hospitals are working hard, but they potentially will have long-term mental health effects as a result of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Both short-term interventions, such as daily huddles and debriefings, and long-term interventions, including follow-ups on the mental health of nurses, need to be implemented to prevent mental disorders among nurses during

Since March 2020, Italy has been in lockdown due to COVID-19, and individuals have missed all kinds of networking opportunities. Already in the 1st weeks of March, Italian cities' silence was broken by singing. The use of singing as a coping strategy as well as to improve the sense of cohesion is evident. Greater attention should be paid to the development of social cohesion and to social support in