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Student Evaluations Fast and Slow: It's Time to Integrate Teachers' Nonverbal Behavior in Evaluations of Teaching Effectiveness J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2021-04-21 Elisha Babad, Limor Sahar-Inbar, Ronen Hammer, Keren Turgeman-Lupo, Sharon Nessis
Two paradigms measuring teaching effectiveness in higher education—one focusing on instructional behaviors (SET), and the other, on teachers' nonverbal and verbal immediacy (NVI-VI)—have been estranged from each other for decades despite their common focus on teaching effectiveness. To juxtapose the two paradigms, both SET and NVI-VI questionnaires were administered at separate times in courses taught
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Eye Gaze During Controversial Conversations Depends on Agreement and Conversational Role J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2021-04-15 Cali Tyler, Sam Light, Anika Notthoff, Laura Cacciamani
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of conversational role (speaking versus listening) and conversational agreement (agreement versus disagreement) on eye gaze toward the interlocutor in the context of controversial, political conversations. Previous studies have only examined these variables independently of one another and typically not in face-to-face conversations. Participants
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Romantic Bias in Judging the Attractiveness of Faces from the Back J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2021-04-08 Fuka Ichimura, Miho Moriwaki, Atsunori Ariga
People tend to assign higher attractiveness to an individual viewed from the back than head on. This tendency is pronounced when males rate the attractiveness of women. This study investigated reasons for the previously observed gender difference in this bias, focusing on the social relationship between raters (participants) and rated models (stimuli). To manipulate the assumed social relationship
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The Role of Bodily Expression in Memory Representations of Sadness J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2021-04-07 Mariko Shirai, Takahiro Soshi
Emotions are expressed by physical expressions such as body posture. Physical cues play a crucial role in recognizing emotional states. We hypothesized that bodily expressions are stored in long-term memory in association with emotion and that such memory representation, knowledge of emotion, enables us to recognize mental states as a certain emotion. The present study focused on sadness as the target
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Behavioral Mimicry and Interaction Expectations Influence Affect in Interracial Interactions J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2021-02-28 Tara Van Bommel, Sally Merritt, Emily Shaffer, Janet B. Ruscher
The current research tested how expectations and mimicry in an interracial interaction influence positive and negative affect. Existing research suggests that individuals do not expect mimicry, a behavior that should otherwise engender liking, in interracial interactions. Although past research has focused on how Whites’ expectations for interracial interactions leads to poor experiences, the present
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Parental Speech and Gesture Input to Girls Versus Boys in Singletons and Twins J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 Ebru Pınar, Sumeyra Ozturk, F. Nihan Ketrez, Şeyda Özçalışkan
Children show sex differences in early speech development, with girls producing a greater number and variety of words at an earlier age than boys (Berglund et al. in Scand J Psychol 46(6): 485–491, 2005)—a pattern that also becomes evident in gesture (Butterworth and Morisette in J Reprod Infant Psychol 14(3): 219–231, 1996). Importantly, parents show variability in how they produce speech when interacting
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Voice Cues Influence Children’s Assessment of Adults’ Occupational Competence J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2021-02-02 Valentina Cartei, Jane Oakhill, Alan Garnham, Robin Banerjee, David Reby
The adult voice is a strong bio-social marker for masculinity and femininity. In this study we investigated whether children make gender stereotypical judgments about adults’ occupational competence on the basis of their voice. Forty-eight 8- to 10- year olds were asked to rate the competence of adult voices that varied in vocal masculinity (by artificially manipulating voice pitch) and were randomly
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Exploring Emotion Recognition and the Understanding of Others’ Unspoken Thoughts and Feelings when Narrating Self-Experienced Emotional Events J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2021-01-24 Anders Flykt, Tina Hörlin, Frida Linder, Anna-Karin Wennstig, Gabriella Sayeler, Ursula Hess, Tanja Bänziger
Emotion decoding competence can be addressed in different ways. In this study, clinical psychology, nursing, or social work students narrated a 2.5–3 min story about a self-experienced emotional event and also listened to another student’s story. Participants were video recorded during the session. Participants then annotated their own recordings regarding their own thoughts and feelings, and they
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Does Self-Reported Childhood Trauma Relate to Vocal Acoustic Measures? Preliminary Findings at Trauma Recall J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2021-01-22 Elisa Monti, Wendy D’Andrea, Steven Freed, David C. Kidd, Shelley Feuer, Linda M. Carroll, Emanuele Castano
Nonverbal markers of childhood trauma have been identified in the literature. Yet, the relationship between childhood trauma and the voice is still largely unexplored. We report preliminary findings from a study (N = 48) that investigated whether self-reported childhood trauma is related to acoustic measures on sustained phonation before and after childhood trauma recall. Childhood trauma and minimization/denial
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In the Eye of the Beholder: A Comprehensive Analysis of Stimulus Type, Perceiver, and Target in Physical Attractiveness Perceptions J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2021-01-09 Molly A. Bowdring, Michael A. Sayette, Jeffrey M. Girard, William C. Woods
Physical attractiveness plays a central role in psychosocial experiences. One of the top research priorities has been to identify factors affecting perceptions of physical attractiveness (PPA). Recent work suggests PPA derives from different sources (e.g., target, perceiver, stimulus type). Although smiles in particular are believed to enhance PPA, support has been surprisingly limited. This study
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How to Detect Altruists: Experiments Using a Zero-Acquaintance Video Presentation Paradigm J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Ryo Oda, Tomomi Tainaka, Kosuke Morishima, Nobuho Kanematsu, Noriko Yamagata-Nakashima, Kai Hiraishi
In this study, we investigated the cognitive processes and nonverbal cues used to detect altruism in three experiments based on a zero-acquaintance video presentation paradigm. Cognitive mechanisms of altruism detection are thought to have evolved in humans to prevent subtle cheating. Several studies have demonstrated that people can correctly estimate levels of altruism in others. In this study, we
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How Weeping Influences the Perception of Facial Expressions: The Signal Value of Tears J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2021-01-02 Asmir Gračanin, Emiel Krahmer, Martijn Balsters, Dennis Küster, Ad J. J. M. Vingerhoets
Emotional tears have been proposed to serve as a signal of distress, appeasement, and helplessness, which promotes prosocial responses in observers. They may also facilitate the perception of sadness. A still unanswered question is what information tears convey about emotional states when they are combined with different muscular facial expressions. The current study evaluated three hypotheses: Tears
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Acting Surprised: Comparing Perceptions of Different Dynamic Deliberate Expressions J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2020-12-16 Mircea Zloteanu, Eva G. Krumhuber, Daniel C. Richardson
People are accurate at classifying emotions from facial expressions but much poorer at determining if such expressions are spontaneously felt or deliberately posed. We explored if the method used by senders to produce an expression influences the decoder’s ability to discriminate authenticity, drawing inspiration from two well-known acting techniques: the Stanislavski (internal) and Mimic method (external)
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Predictive Validity of Thin Slices of Verbal and Nonverbal Behaviors: Comparison of Slice Lengths and Rating Methodologies J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2020-11-02 Michael Z. Wang, Katrina Chen, Judith A. Hall
Thin slices, or excerpts of behavior, are commonly used by researchers to represent behaviors in their full stimulus. The present study asked how slices of different lengths and locations, as well as different measurement methodologies, influence correlations between the measured behavior and different variables (predictive validity). We collected self-rated, perceiver-rated, and objectively measured
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May I Speak Freely? The Difficulty in Vocal Identity Processing Across Free and Scripted Speech J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2020-10-31 Sarah V. Stevenage, Rebecca Tomlin, Greg J. Neil, Ashley E. Symons
In the fields of face recognition and voice recognition, a growing literature now suggests that the ability to recognize an individual despite changes from one instance to the next is a considerable challenge. The present paper reports on one experiment in the voice domain designed to determine whether a change in the mere style of speech may result in a measurable difficulty when trying to discriminate
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The Role of Ethnic Prejudice in the Modulation of Cradling Lateralization J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2020-10-27 Gianluca Malatesta, Daniele Marzoli, Luca Morelli, Monica Pivetti, Luca Tommasi
The left-cradling bias is the tendency to cradle an infant on the left side, regardless of the individuals’ handedness, culture or ethnicity. Many studies revealed associations between socio-emotional variables and the left-side bias, suggesting that this asymmetry might be considered as a proxy of the emotional attunement between the cradling and the cradled individuals. In this study we examined
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The Distress Smile and its Cognitive Antecedents J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2020-10-19 Aditya Singh, Jaison A. Manjaly
This paper investigates the paradoxical finding that physical pain in certain social situations makes people smile. A number of models have been proposed to explain emotional behaviour, and we tested some important predictions they make regarding the mental antecedents and cognitive properties that could characterize such distress smiles, specifically ones that occur in informal and non-serious social
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An Eye Tracking Investigation of Pain Decoding Based on Older and Younger Adults’ Facial Expressions J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2020-10-11 Rhonda J. N. Stopyn, Thomas Hadjistavropoulos, Jeff Loucks
Nonverbal pain cues such as facial expressions, are useful in the systematic assessment of pain in people with dementia who have severe limitations in their ability to communicate. Nonetheless, the extent to which observers rely on specific pain-related facial responses (e.g., eye movements, frowning) when judging pain remains unclear. Observers viewed three types of videos of patients expressing pain
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The Expression of Success: Are Thin-Slices of Pre-performance Nonverbal Behavior Prior to Throwing Darts Predictive of Performance in Professional Darts? J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2020-10-04 Philip Furley, Daniel Memmert
The present research attempted to test how skilled people are at predicting perceptual-motor performance of professional darts players based on short observations of pre-performance nonverbal behavior. In four thin-slices experiments (total N = 490) we randomly sampled stimulus material from the 2017 World Championships of Darts showing short video recordings of the players immediately before throwing
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Movement Synchrony in the Mirror Game J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Rinat Feniger-Schaal, Désirée Schönherr, Uwe Altmann, Bernhard Strauss
The significance of the body-mind link and the contribution of nonverbal communication in the context of psychotherapy is enjoying increased interest. Yet, the main measurements used in psychotherapy studies rely mostly on verbal measures, missing other channels of communication that would allow rich and implicit, nonverbal information. The present study is a first step toward using the mirror game
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Justice and Nonverbal Communication in a Post-pandemic World: An Evidence-Based Commentary and Cautionary Statement for Lawyers and Judges. J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2020-08-09 Vincent Denault,Miles L Patterson
On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization officially declared COVID-19 a pandemic. The new physical distancing rules have had many consequences, some of which are felt throughout the justice system. Courts across the world limited their operations. Nonetheless, given that justice delayed is justice denied, many jurisdictions have turned to technologies for urgent matters. This paper offers an
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Emotional Voice Intonation: A Communication Code at the Origins of Speech Processing and Word-Meaning Associations? J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 Piera Filippi
The aim of the present work is to investigate the facilitating effect of vocal emotional intonation on the evolution of the following processes involved in language: (a) identifying and producing phonemes, (b) processing compositional rules underlying vocal utterances, and (c) associating vocal utterances with meanings. To this end, firstly, I examine research on the presence of these abilities in
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Introduction to the Special Issue on Nonverbal Vocal Communication in Development J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2020-07-12 Manuela Filippa, Didier Grandjean
Nonverbal vocal aspects of communication, often related to affective states, are crucial to social interactions not only for animals but also for humans during early infancy, as well as being one of the pillars of human language development and acquisition. The thread that binds together the contributions to this Special Issue is the analysis of nonverbal vocal communication during development, both
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Live Maternal Speech and Singing Increase Self-Touch and Eye-Opening in Preterm Newborns: A Preliminary Study J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 Manuela Filippa, Damiano Menin, Roberta Panebianco, Maria Grazia Monaci, Marco Dondi, Didier Grandjean
Although evidence is available about preterm newborns’ spontaneous behavioral repertoire during the first weeks of life in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), studies on infant behavioral responses to external social stimuli are scarce. The main aim of this study was to analyze preterm infant behaviors in response to the maternal voice, speaking or singing, in the NICU, compared with a control
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Fathers’ and Mothers’ Infant Directed Speech Influences Preterm Infant Behavioral State in the NICU J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 Sahar Saliba, Maya Gratier, Manuela Filippa, Emmanuel Devouche, Rana Esseily
Preterm infants’ behavioral state and physiological parameters are affected by environmental noise and adult voices. Only a handful of studies have explored the effects of direct maternal vocal communication on preterm infants’ autonomous nervous system responses. Furthermore, to our knowledge, no study to date has investigated the effect of the father’s voice on preterm infant’s behaviors and physiological
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The Measurement of Eye Contact in Human Interactions: A Scoping Review J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2020-04-20 Chiara Jongerius, Roy S. Hessels, Johannes A. Romijn, Ellen M. A. Smets, Marij A. Hillen
Eye contact is a fundamental aspect of nonverbal communication and therefore important for understanding human interaction. Eye contact has been the subject of research in many disciplines, including communication sciences, social psychology, and psychiatry, and a variety of techniques have been used to measure it. The choice of measurement method has consequences for research outcomes and their interpretation
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The Influence of Emotional Closeness on Interindividual Touching J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2020-04-16 Timmy Strauss, Anika Bytomski, Ilona Croy
Interpersonal tactile stroking stimulation activates different peripheral nerve fibers, especially C-tactile afferents, which encode pleasant and erotic sensations. Hence, humans typically stroke close interaction partners with velocities that are suited to stimulate C-tactile afferents in the touch receivers’ skin. We aim to replicate this finding and we furthermore hypothesized that humans adjust
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Efficient Collection and Representation of Preverbal Data in Typical and Atypical Development J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2020-03-02 Florian B. Pokorny, Katrin D. Bartl-Pokorny, Dajie Zhang, Peter B. Marschik, Dagmar Schuller, Björn W. Schuller
Human preverbal development refers to the period of steadily increasing vocal capacities until the emergence of a child’s first meaningful words. Over the last decades, research has intensively focused on preverbal behavior in typical development. Preverbal vocal patterns have been phonetically classified and acoustically characterized. More recently, specific preverbal phenomena were discussed to
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First Impressions of Physicians According to Their Physical and Social Group Characteristics J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2020-01-25 Judith A. Hall, Mollie A. Ruben, Swatantra
People often make inferences about others from the physical appearance and social group characteristics revealed through their photographs. Because physicians’ photographs are routinely displayed to prospective patients in websites, print media, and direct mail, it is possible that this practice triggers conscious or unconscious biases in potential patients. We investigated first impressions of physicians
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Facets of Interpersonal Accuracy Across the Lifespan: Is There a Single Skill in Older Age? J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2020-01-09 Katja Schlegel, Ishabel M. Vicaria, Derek M. Isaacowitz
This study investigated age differences and similarities in younger and older women’s ability to accurately judge others’ emotions, personality, and rapport, collectively referred to as interpersonal accuracy (IPA). A sample of 124 young (ages 18–22) and 94 older women (ages 60–90) completed four different IPA tasks: two emotion perception tasks using posed stimuli, and two interaction-based tasks
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Emoji Face Renderings: Exploring the Role Emoji Platform Differences have on Emotional Interpretation J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2020-01-07 Courtny L. Franco, Jennifer M. B. Fugate
Emoji faces are ubiquitous and integrated into most people’s everyday (nonverbal) vernacular. Yet, we know little about how people interpret these characters in terms of their emotional content. Do people agree that an emoji face represents an individual emotion and that it is unique to a specific emotion? Are such representations similar across electronic platforms? The present study took a theoretical
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Implicit Reactions to Women in High Power Body Postures: Less Wonderful But Still Weaker J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2020-01-04 April H. Bailey, Robert Lambert, Marianne LaFrance
People rapidly form impressions of others based on their gender. Women tend to be liked more than men but men tend to be regarded as more powerful. However, a person’s nonverbal behavior has the potential to confirm or override these stereotypical impressions. Specifically, expansive, open body postures (e.g., based on widespread limbs) tend to convey high power compared to contracted, closed body
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How Visible Tears Affect Observers’ Judgements and Behavioral Intentions: Sincerity, Remorse, and Punishment J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2020-01-02 Alfonso Picó, Asmir Gračanin, Marien Gadea, Andrea Boeren, Marta Aliño, Ad Vingerhoets
Crying is a uniquely human behavior, the functions of which are at present not completely understood. We hypothesized that tears promote the perception of morally relevant traits and states such as sincerity, honesty, and remorse, which facilitate social bonding and we, therefore, predicted that tears would reduce the punishments proposed for transgressors. Participants were exposed to photographs
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Was That a Scream? Listener Agreement and Major Distinguishing Acoustic Features J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2019-12-03 Jay W. Schwartz, Jonathan W. M. Engelberg, Harold Gouzoules
Human screams have been suggested to comprise a salient and readily identified call type, yet few studies have explored the degree to which people agree on what constitutes a scream, and the defining acoustic structure of screams has not been fully determined. In this study, participants listened to 75 human vocal sounds, representing both a broad acoustical range and array of emotional contexts, and
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The Mimicry Among Us: Intra- and Inter-Personal Mechanisms of Spontaneous Mimicry J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2019-11-13 Andrew J. Arnold, Piotr Winkielman
This review explores spontaneous mimicry in the context of three questions. The first question concerns the role of spontaneous mimicry in processing conceptual information. The second question concerns the debate whether spontaneous mimicry is driven by simple associative processes or reflects higher-order processes such as goals, intentions, and social context. The third question addresses the implications
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Mimicking Others’ Nonverbal Signals is Associated with Increased Attitude Contagion J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2019-10-26 Allison L. Skinner, Adilene Osnaya, Bhumi Patel, Sylvia P. Perry
Observing nonverbal signals being directed toward unfamiliar individuals is known to influence attitudes and behavior toward those individuals. Specifically, observing biased nonverbal signals in favor of one individual over another can produce nonverbal signal-consistent attitudes among preschool children. Research has also shown that people have a tendency to mimic the behavior of others. The phenomenon
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Nonverbal Synchrony of Facial Movements and Expressions Predict Therapeutic Alliance During a Structured Psychotherapeutic Interview J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2019-10-24 Kenji Yokotani, Gen Takagi, Kobun Wakashima
Nonverbal synchrony (NVS) of a patient’s and therapist’s body parts during a therapy session has been linked with therapeutic alliance. However, the link between NVS of face parts with therapeutic alliance remains unclear. The clarification of this link is important in understanding NVS. Accordingly, we used a video imaging technique to provide quantitative evidence of this link. The 55 participants
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Introduction to the Special Issue on Nonconscious Mimicry: History, Applications, and Theoretical and Methodological Innovations J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2019-10-15 Sally D. Farley
The study of mimicry has a rich history of investigation in nonverbal communication research, although the area has struggled with inconsistent operationalizations of the construct. The Special Issue on Nonconscious Mimicry includes empirical, methodological and theoretical innovations, and provides guidance about future directions. This introduction highlights a number of emerging themes in this Special
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Are You on My Wavelength? Interpersonal Coordination in Dyadic Conversations J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2019-10-15 Joanna Hale, Jamie A. Ward, Francesco Buccheri, Dominic Oliver, Antonia F. de C. Hamilton
Conversation between two people involves subtle nonverbal coordination in addition to speech. However, the precise parameters and timing of this coordination remain unclear, which limits our ability to theorize about the neural and cognitive mechanisms of social coordination. In particular, it is unclear if conversation is dominated by synchronization (with no time lag), rapid and reactive mimicry
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Strategic Synchrony and Rhythmic Similarity in Lies About Ingroup Affiliation J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2019-10-12 Norah E. Dunbar, Howard Giles, Quinten Bernhold, Aubrie Adams, Matthew Giles, Nicole Zamanzadeh, Katlyn Gangi, Samantha Coveleski, Ken Fujiwara
In an attempt to enhance the likelihood that a lie is perceived as truthful, deceivers might strategically attempt to build rapport in an interaction. Deceivers can build this rapport by coordinating behaviors with their interaction partners, thereby creating interpersonal synchrony. The goal of this study was to empirically test whether deceptive message senders strategically synchronize their behaviors
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Mimicry and Modeling of Health(-Risk) Behaviors: How Others Impact Our Health(-Risk) Behaviors Without Our Awareness J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2019-09-28 Korrina A. Duffy, Paige A. Green, Tanya L. Chartrand
When it comes to health(-risk) behaviors, researchers are apt to consider how to change behaviors from a top-down approach (i.e., using the conscious, reflective, deliberate system) even though much of human behavior is determined by bottom-up processes (i.e., the nonconscious, reflexive, impulsive system). Given that researchers have proposed that interventions that target nonconscious processes underlying
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Are Those Who Tend to Mimic Facial Expressions Especially Vulnerable to Emotional Contagion? J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2019-09-23 Tanja Lischetzke, Michael Cugialy, Tanja Apt, Michael Eid, Michael Niedeggen
The aim of the present study was to test the classic but under-researched hypothesis that individual differences in automatic emotional mimicry are positively related to individual differences in emotional contagion. To tap automatic mimicry and automatic emotional contagion, participants were exposed to affective stimuli with either a positive or negative valence (faces with a happy expression, n = 73;
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Vocal Accommodation and Mimicry J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2019-09-21 Quinten S. Bernhold, Howard Giles
Interlocutors make a variety of verbal and nonverbal adjustments to facilitate comprehension and enhance relational solidarity. This article examines research on vocal accommodation and mimicry as a specific subset of scholarship on nonverbal adjustments. We begin by introducing communication accommodation theory and discussing how accommodation is similar to and distinct from other related constructs
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Rhythmic Features of Movement Synchrony for Bonding Individuals in Dyadic Interaction J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2019-09-12 Ken Fujiwara, Masanori Kimura, Ikuo Daibo
This study examined ways in which rhythmic features of movement contribute to bonding between individuals. Though previous studies have described synchrony as a form of social glue, this research extends those findings to consider the impact of fast versus slow tempo on movement synchrony. This two-part experiment examined dyadic interactions as they occurred between same-sex strangers (Study 1) and
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The Interplay Between Face-to-Face Contact and Feedback on Cooperation During Real-Life Interactions J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2019-09-11 Friederike Behrens, Mariska E. Kret
Cooperation forms the basis of our society and becomes increasingly essential during times of globalization. However, despite technological developments people still prefer to meet face-to-face, which has been shown to foster cooperation. However, what is still unclear is how this beneficial effect depends on what people know about their interaction partner. To examine this question, 58 dyads played
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Coordinated Collaboration and Nonverbal Social Interactions: A Formal and Functional Analysis of Gaze, Gestures, and Other Body Movements in a Contemporary Dance Improvisation Performance. J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2019-07-22 Vito Evola,Joanna Skubisz
This study presents a microanalysis of what information performers “give” and “give off” to each other via their bodies during a contemporary dance improvisation. We compare what expert performers and non-performers (sufficiently trained to successfully perform) do with their bodies during a silent, multiparty improvisation exercise, in order to identify any differences and to provide insight into
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Ambiguous Bodies: The Role of Displayed Arousal in Emotion [Mis]Perception J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2019-07-13 R. M. Reynolds, E. Novotny, J. Lee, D. Roth, G. Bente
Emotions of other people cannot be experienced directly but are often inferred from a variety of verbal and nonverbal information, including expressive body movement (EBM). Inferring emotional states is critical in social interaction, and questions remain about the factors contributing to ambiguity of EBM. In addressing this issue, researchers have looked to the link between displayed arousal, or the
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The Role of Physiology and Voice in Emotion Perception During Social Stress J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2019-07-04 Nathaniel S. Eckland, Teresa M. Leyro, Wendy Berry Mendes, Renee J. Thompson
Deciphering others’ affect is ubiquitous in daily life and is important for navigating social interactions and relationships. Research has found that behavioral components, such as facial expressions or body language, are critical channels by which people understand other people’s affect. In the current research, we examined how people’s perceptions of targets’ positive affect (PA) and negative affect
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How People Really Suspect Lies: A Re-examination of Novotny et al.’s (2018) Data J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2019-06-21 Jaume Masip, Nuria Sánchez
Previous research has shown that in real-life situations people detect lies mostly from non-behavioral information (e.g., physical evidence, third-party information, confessions…) rather than from behavioral cues. Novotny et al. (J Nonverbal Behav 42:41–52, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-017-0263-2) argued that while lies are detected primarily from non-behavioral information, initial suspicion
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Individual Differences Correspond with Attention to the Eyes of White Versus Black Faces J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2019-06-20 Brittany S. Cassidy, Samuel M. Harding, Kristie Y. Hsu, Anne C. Krendl
Black, relative to White, individuals have experienced discrimination for centuries in the United States. Recent work suggests that subtle differences in how novel Black faces are initially perceived relate to prejudicial behavior. One such difference is that non-Black people attend more to the eyes of White versus Black novel faces. The present study sought to better characterize this difference by
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Voice of Authority: Professionals Lower Their Vocal Frequencies When Giving Expert Advice J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2019-05-07 Piotr Sorokowski, David Puts, Janie Johnson, Olga Żółkiewicz, Anna Oleszkiewicz, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Marta Kowal, Barbara Borkowska, Katarzyna Pisanski
Acoustic analysis and playback studies have greatly advanced our understanding of between-individual differences in nonverbal communication. Yet, researchers have only recently begun to investigate within-individual variation in the voice, particularly how people modulate key vocal parameters across various social contexts, with most of this research focusing on mating contexts. Here, we investigated
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The Association of Children’s Locus of Control Orientation and Emotion Recognition Abilities at 8 Years of Age and Teachers’ Ratings of Their Personal and Social Difficulties at 10 Years J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2019-04-10 Stephen Nowicki, Nancy Bliwise, Carol Joinson
The purpose of the present study was to see if emotion recognition skill and locus of control in 8-year-old children predicted teacher rated Goodman Strengths and Difficulties (SDQ, Goodman in J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 40:1337–1345, 2001) 2 years later. Children participating in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; Golding in Eur J Endocrinol 151:U119–U123, 2004. https://doi
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People Can Accurately (But Not Adaptively) Judge Strangers’ Antigay Prejudice from Faces J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2019-04-05 Ravin Alaei, Nicholas O. Rule
The ecological theory of social perception suggests that people’s first impressions should be especially accurate for judgments relevant to their goals. Here, we tested whether people could accurately judge others’ levels of antigay prejudice and whether gay men’s accuracy would exceed straight men’s accuracy in making these judgments. We found that people judged men’s (but not women’s) levels of antigay
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Patterns of Nonverbal Rapport Behaviors Across Time in Investigative Interviews with Children J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2019-04-05 Veronica Johnston, Sonja P. Brubacher, Martine Powell, Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz
The present study evaluated whether the strength of relationship between child nonverbal behaviors (expressivity, attention, and coordination) across time points varied as a function of interviewer nonverbal behaviors (expressivity, attention, and coordination) under supportive versus neutral interviewing conditions. Children (n = 123) participated in an event where they were involved in breaking some
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Pain Expressions in Dementia: Validity of Observers' Pain Judgments as a Function of Angle of Observation. J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2019-03-21 M Erin Browne,Thomas Hadjistavropoulos,Kenneth Prkachin,Ahmed Ashraf,Babak Taati
Facial expressions of pain are important in assessing individuals with dementia and severe communicative limitations. Though frontal views of the face are assumed to allow for the most valid and reliable observational assessments, the impact of viewing angle is unknown. We video-recorded older adults with and without dementia using cameras capturing different observational angles (e.g., front vs. profile
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Are we Revealing Hidden Aspects of our Personality When we Walk? J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2019-03-01 Brittany Blaskovits, Craig Bennell
Research suggests that certain individuals exhibit vulnerability through their gait, and that observers select such individuals as those most likely to experience victimization. It is currently assumed that the vulnerable gait pattern is an expression of one’s submissiveness. To isolate gait movement, Study 1 utilized kinematic point-light display to record 28 individuals walking. The findings suggested
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Kissing Right? Absence of Rightward Directional Turning Bias During First Kiss Encounters Among Strangers J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2019-02-22 Jennifer R. Sedgewick, Abby Holtslander, Lorin J. Elias
When leaning toward a partner for a kiss, the direction that individuals turn their head when planting the kiss is found to vary based on the kiss’s context; romantic kissing between adult couples is consistently directed rightward, though recently, a non-romantic kiss between parent–child couples was observed to be leftward. The current study further examines the lateral head-turning direction between
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What Basic Emotion Theory Really Says for the Twenty-First Century Study of Emotion. J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2019-02-13 Dacher Keltner,Jessica L Tracy,Disa Sauter,Alan Cowen
Basic emotion theory (BET) has been, perhaps, the central narrative in the science of emotion. As Crivelli and Fridlund (J Nonverbal Behav 125:1–34, 2019, this issue) would have it, however, BET is ready to be put to rest, facing “last stands” and “fatal” empirical failures. Nothing could be further from the truth. Crivelli and Fridlund’s outdated treatment of BET, narrow focus on facial expressions
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Introduction to the Special Issue on Theory in Nonverbal Communication J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2019-02-07 Howard S. Friedman
To a striking degree, the study of nonverbal behavior and nonverbal communication has benefited from thoughtful attention to sophisticated theory. The Special Issue on Theoretical Approaches to Nonverbal Communication presents several core contemporary theoretical approaches. This introduction places these approaches to emotion, communication, and social influence into a general context in this field
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Emotional Expression: Advances in Basic Emotion Theory. J. Nonverbal. Behav. (IF 1.767) Pub Date : 2019-02-07 Dacher Keltner,Disa Sauter,Jessica Tracy,Alan Cowen
In this article, we review recent developments in the study of emotional expression within a basic emotion framework. Dozens of new studies find that upwards of 20 emotions are signaled in multimodal and dynamic patterns of expressive behavior. Moving beyond word to stimulus matching paradigms, new studies are detailing the more nuanced and complex processes involved in emotion recognition and the
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