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A multi-method study of interpersonal complementarity and mentalization Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2024-03-09 A. Esin Asan, Aaron L. Pincus, Emily B. Ansell
Research finds cross-sectional relationships between mentalizing impairments and maladaptive personality traits. The current study connects mentalizing impairments to dynamic interpersonal processes using a multi-method design. A sample of 218 participants completed the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC; ) to assess mentalizing ability. Subsequently, participants rated their agentic
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Paradise for the self-interested? The association between economic inequality and the Dark Triad Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Xueli Zhu, Lei Cheng, Shijiang Zuo, Ke Yao, Fang Wang
Does an environment of high economic inequality encourage and breed the Dark Triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy)? In four studies, using correlational and experimental methods, we sought to elucidate the nexus between economic inequality perception and the Dark Triad. Study 1 ( = 454) indicated that individuals who perceive greater inequality score higher on the Dark
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The cognitive complexity of a happy life, a meaningful life, and a psychologically rich life Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Shigehiro Oishi, Erin Westgate, Youngjae Cha
Is a psychologically rich life a more cognitively complex one? In two studies, we explored whether individual differences in happiness, meaning in life, and psychological richness would be differentially associated with information processing styles such as attributional complexity, holism, and essentialism. In Study 1 ( = 436), we found that psychological richness was associated with greater attributional
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Neuroticism, emotional stress reactivity and recovery in daily life: Examining extraversion and openness as moderators Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Anna J. Lücke, Oliver K. Schilling, Ute Kunzmann, Denis Gerstorf, Martin Katzorreck-Gierden, Christiane A. Hoppmann, Gloria Luong, Gert G. Wagner, Michaela Riediger, Cornelia Wrzus
Emotional stressor reactivity and recovery from stressors are associated with the personality trait neuroticism. We examined whether higher extraversion or openness might buffer these associations in daily life. Participants from two age-heterogeneous samples (lifespan: = 364, aged 14–88 years; late adulthood: = 170, aged 66–89 years) answered personality questionnaires and reported their momentary
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Who helps whom in times of crisis? An investigation of actual donations to two groups of earthquake victims Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2024-02-24 Büsra Elif Yelbuz, Isabel Thielmann
This pre-registered study assessed actual donations to two groups of victims of the earthquake in Turkey and Syria in February 2023 while considering various theoretically-relevant contextual and personality factors as determinants of donations. In a diverse German online sample ( = 496), most participants (62.9 %) donated something, and only few (24.0 %) were selective in their donations, donating
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For whom is mind wandering stressful: The moderating role of dispositional emotionality and personality in predicting emotional experiences in everyday life Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Matthew J. Zawadzki, Armin Hojjaty, Anna-Celine Guilas, Anna V. Song
This study tested whether dispositional emotionality and personality traits moderated the emotion a person experienced when engaging in mind wandering. Participants ( = 264) completed measures of dispositional emotionality and personality. Then on two separate days they completed a 24-hour ecological momentary assessment protocol, responding every 30 min during wake times if they were mind wandering
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Purpose in daily life: Considering within-person sense of purpose variability Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Gabrielle N. Pfund, Anthony L. Burrow, Patrick L. Hill
Sense of purpose refers to the extent to which one feels that they have personally meaningful goals and directions guiding them through life. Though this construct predicts a host of benefits, little is known regarding the extent to which sense of purpose fluctuates within an individual and the affective changes tied to those fluctuations. The current study uses daily diary data to addresses this gap
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When visions truly inspire: The moderating role of self-concordance in boosting positive affect, goal commitment, and goal progress Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Julian Voigt, Kennon M. Sheldon, Hugo M. Kehr
Research demonstrates that visions elicit positive affective reactions, which can mobilize and motivate behavior. However, the factors that determine their effectiveness remain largely unknown. We examine the role of self-concordance in shaping the extent to which visions elicit positive affect and promote vision-related goal pursuit. We develop and test a moderated mediation model, where self-concordance
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Why does Sadism Troll? The Role of Negative Emotional Reactions from Others Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Jia-Xu Tian
Internet Trolling refers to a behavior pattern in which individuals deliberately disrupt normal network communication, provoking other network users’ negative emotional reactions. Most previous researches focused on the correlation between sadism and Internet Trolling, but did not explore the impact of environmental factors on the two. Thus, Study 1 explored the causal relationships among sadism, Internet
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Definitional ambiguities in character strengths: A comparative analysis with personality and other psychobiological attributes Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2024-02-03 Alexander G. Stahlmann, Gian Carlo Arbenz, Willibald Ruch
Character strengths lack a consensual definition, creating ambiguity in psychological research. This exploratory study tests whether previously discussed ideas about character strengths’ shared qualities (e.g., ) distinguish them from related concepts, such as the Big Five. Ten laypersons rated 12 of these “criteria” across 80 character strengths adjectives and 170 that pertained to the Big Five, emotions
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Idiographic personality networks: Stability, variability and when they become problematic Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Daan H.G. Hulsmans, Freek J.W. Oude Maatman, Roy Otten, Evelien A.P. Poelen, Anna Lichtwarck-Aschoff
Idiographic personality networks are gaining popularity for modeling individual differences, but their validity requires stability, which seems contradicted by theory and empirics. This study employs conventional idiographic network analysis to evaluate inter- and intra-individual variation in youngsters with a mild intellectual disability ( = 26; = 23) who completed 60 daily self-reports. Results
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Personality across diverse sexual orientations and gender identities in an online convenience sample Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Eleanor J. Junkins, Kenzhane Pantin, Jaime Derringer
Sexual and gender minority participants (SGM) are underrepresented in quantitative psychology research overlooking a growing portion of the population. Previous research reports differences in personality between few categorical designations of gender and sexual orientation. The current study sought to expand the and characterize the feasibility of recruiting an SGM-diverse sample online. In preregistered
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Beyond mean levels and linear relationships: The complex association between emotion recognition ability and well-being Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Nils R. Sommer, Katja Schlegel
Emotion recognition ability (ERA) is typically conceptualized as an adaptive ability that contributes to better social functioning and well-being. However, there is a lack of studies examining the link between ERA and well-being. In the present two-week daily diary study ( = 437), this association was investigated in more detail. Although ERA was not significantly correlated with mean levels of well-being
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Mirror, mirror on the wall, who’s the healthiest of them all – The surprising role of narcissism in state-level health outcomes Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2024-01-20 Dritjon Gruda, Paul Hanges, Jim McCleskey
This study investigates narcissism's role in state-level health outcomes across the U.S. While often seen as maladaptive, narcissism's adaptive aspects, like self-enhancement, might promote better health. Analyzing data from 4,230 participants in 38 states, we explore the link between dark triad traits (narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy) and health outcomes. States with higher narcissism had
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Elusive specific variance: A marginal effect on the accuracy of personality judgment Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2024-01-14 Jüri Allik, Anu Realo, Reinout E. de Vries
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Future self-continuity promotes meaning in life through authenticity Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2024-01-13 Emily K. Hong, Yiyue Zhang, Constantine Sedikides
We concerned with the emerging construct “future self-continuity” and its psychological consequences. We hypothesized, in particular, that future self-continuity, the perceived connection between one’s present and future self, is related—correlationally and causally—to meaning in life via authenticity, the subjective alignment with one’s true self. We tested and supported this hypothesis in three studies
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Examining the Conscientiousness × Interest Compensation (CONIC) Model With Similar Constructs in High School and College Students Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Anna Bareis, Marion Spengler, Sven Rieger, Jessica Gladstone, Ji Seung Yang, Benjamin Nagengast, Ulrich Trautwein, Allan Wigfield
The Conscientiousness × Interest Compensation (CONIC) model (Authors, 2019) assumes that the two constructs conscientiousness and interest can (partly) compensate for each other in predicting academic effort and achievement. We extend previous work by testing the CONIC model in two independent U.S. samples from different age groups (high school sample: N = 1,246, Mage = 14.86 years; college sample:
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Academic performance through multiple lenses: Intelligence, conscientiousness, and achievement striving motivation as differential predictors of objective and subjective measures of academic achievement in two studies of adolescents Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2024-01-05 Salome D. Odermatt, Rebekka Weidmann, Florine Schweizer, Alexander Grob
In a two-sample investigation of 766 adolescents, we examined the associations and incremental validity of test-based intelligence, parent-rated conscientiousness, and self-rated achievement striving motivation with objective (grades) and subjective (parent-reported and self-reported academic performance) measures of academic achievement. The two studies yielded largely similar results. Intelligence
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Lonely but not alone: Loneliness and social positive valence sensitivity in emerging adults' everyday lives Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Benjamin A. Katz, Jason Karalis, Mariah T. Hawes, Daniel N. Klein
Loneliness predicts a range of highly negative outcomes and is a rising problem among young adults. The current study examines the basic processes associated with young adult loneliness. In the Stony Brook Temperament Study, 320 18 year-olds completed an ecological momentary assessment (2 weeks; 5 assessments/day) of whether they had recently socialized, and the extent to which the social experience
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Daily and Trait personality Assessments’ relationship with Daily experiences of stress risk and resilience factors Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-12-30 Giselle Ferguson, Sumbleen Ali, Giancarlo Pasquini, Eileen Graham, Daniel Mrozcek, Sean Clouston, Nicholas Eaton, Andreas B. Neubauer, Stacey Scott
Personality predicts individual differences in stress risk and resilience factors, but these associations are often examined via global trait measures, which may not capture how associations unfold in daily life, especially for older adults whose global ratings may not be weighted towards their current experiences. The current study used intensive measurements in a sample of older adults to investigate
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A longitudinal, multimethod study of children’s early emerging maladaptive personality traits: Stress sensitivity as a protective factor Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Yuliya Kotelnikova, Sarah V.M. Mackrell, Lee Anna Clark, Elizabeth P. Hayden
Children of fathers with alcohol use problems and mothers with depression are considered to be at high risk for the development of antisocial behavior, which may be at least partially mediated by early emerging externalizing personality traits (e.g., aggression, manipulativeness). However, not all high-risk youth develop externalizing personality traits. We examined whether associations between fathers’
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Does Emotional Stability Form the Core of Self-Evaluations? A Multi-Rater Cross-Lagged Panel Study Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-12-20 Jana Instinske, Christian Kandler
Several personality models suggest that emotional stability represents a rather core trait that is more basic than self-esteem, self-efficacy, and locus of control proposed as more particularized characteristics within the personality system. Simultaneously, a common core construct underlying these four aspects of self-evaluations has been hypothesized. In this study, we investigated whether emotional
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Associations of aversive (‘dark’) traits and affiliative (‘light’) traits with moral-dilemma judgments: A preregistered exploratory analysis using the CNI model Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-12-19 Nyx L. Ng, Craig S. Neumann, Dillon M. Luke, Bertram Gawronski
Despite people’s capacity for both good and evil, scant research has jointly examined the relations of affiliative and aversive traits with moral-dilemma judgments. Using the CNI model of moral-dilemma judgments, this preregistered exploratory study examined associations of aversive traits (Dark Tetrad comprising Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, sadism) and affiliative traits (Light Triad
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Personality and cognitive errors in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-12-15 Angelina R. Sutin, Alyssa A. Gamaldo, Antonio Terracciano, Michele K. Evans, Alan B. Zonderman
This study examines the association between personality and cognitive errors in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study, a sample diverse across race (Black, White) and SES (above, below 125% of the federal poverty line). Participants (N = 1062) completed a comprehensive personality questionnaire and were administered a brief mental status screener of cognitive errors
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The role of purpose in the stress process: A homeostatic account Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-12-02 Anthony L. Burrow, Patrick L. Hill, Maclen Stanley, Rachel Sumner
The accumulation of evidence that having a sense of purpose contributes to greater health and well-being has vastly outpaced investigations into why this is so. Here, we offer a novel functional account for the demonstrated benefits of purpose by characterizing it as a resource that maintains psychological homeostasis. We posit that a sense of purpose recenters conscious attention toward prospective
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Editorial Board Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-12-03
Abstract not available
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From Intellectual Investment Trait Theory to Dynamic Intellectual Investment Trait and State Theory: Theory extension, methodological advancement, and empirical illustration Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-12-02 Lisa Bardach, Julian Lohmann, Kai T. Horstmann, Steffen Zitzmann, Martin Hecht
This paper introduces Dynamic Intellectual Investment Trait and State Theory, an extension of Intellectual Investment Trait Theory. Our theory extension (a) centers on dynamic within-person effects of cognitive performance states on intellectual investment personality states and vice versa (i.e., reciprocal effects), (b) integrates within-person dynamics and developmental trajectories in cognitive
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Finding better raters: The role of observer personality on the validity of observer-reported personality in predicting job performance Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-11-23 Ryan L. Klinger, Nathapon Siangchokyoo
Drawing on Funder’s Realistic Accuracy Model, we investigate key sources of variance in the criterion-related validity of observer-reported personality in predicting target job performance. Specifically, this study builds theory on how observer personality impacts (a) access to and (b) processing of personality cues, influencing the extent to which observer-ratings of target personality predict supervisor
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Personality is related to satisfaction in friendship dyads, but similarity is not: Understanding the links between the big five and friendship satisfaction using actor-partner interdependence models Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-11-11 Robert Körner, Tobias Altmann
Friendship is a central part of human life. However, little is known about how personality traits are related to satisfaction with friendships. Using an Actor-Partner-Interdependence framework, we analyzed actor, partner, partner perception, and similarity effects on friendship satisfaction in 190 friendship dyads. Agreeableness, extraversion, and emotional stability were positively related to an actor’s
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Meaning making about and across self-relevant experiences: Links with identity commitment and exploration processes and satisfaction with life in adolescence Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Elisabeth L. de Moor
Making meaning is an important process through which individuals keep their identity up-to-date, but has often been measured in a way that conflates dispositional, trait-like influences with narrative-specific influences. The present study aimed to disentangle these influences during adolescence by examining the general tendency for meaning making, measured as self-event connections, across three self-relevant
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Estimating the replicability of statistically significant moderation effects in personality research using z-curve analysis Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Lukas K. Sotola, Marcus Credé
We use z-curve analysis to estimate the replicability of 187 moderation effects in which the predictor, outcome, and moderator variables were all measured continuously and that were published in four leading personality journals—Journal of Personality, Journal of Research in Personality, European Journal of Personality, and Personality and Individual Differences. We found an estimated replication rate
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Do experiences during the transition to working life Matter? the role of mastery and psychological commitment in personality trait change Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-11-07 Liselotte Den Boer, Theo A. Klimstra, Jaap J. A. Denissen
Differences in transition experiences might explain individual differences in personality trait change. In the present six-wave study, we investigated personality trait change during the transition to work in a sample of students who were in their last two years of their study program (N = 311). We tested whether the transition (i.e., participation in an internship), psychological commitment (i.e.
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Corrigendum to “The impact of suppressing and amplifying expressions on personality judgments” [J. Res. Pers. 105 (2023) 104399] Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Lameese Eldesouky, Tammy English
Abstract not available
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Affective preferences in benign masochism Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-10-12 Karolina Dyduch-Hazar, Vanessa Mitschke
Seeking hedonic reversals is central to benign masochism, which reflects enjoyment of aversive experiences falsely interpreted as threatening. However, evidence linking benign masochism to greater pleasure following such experiences is incomplete. To fill this gap, participants were given an option to choose what emotional experiences they wanted to feel and reported how they felt afterwards. In Study
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Three personality facets can relate to increased academic output Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-10-14 Sergei Shchebetenko, Giorgio De-Marchis, Yuliya Chernukhina, Ulyana Sirotina, Yuliya Vitko
We studied how personality traits relate to academic output indicators. Three-hundred Russian academic authors agreed to participate in the study. They completed the Big Five Inventory-2 online; we gathered their h-index, publication counts, and citation counts using the core Russian Science Citation Index database. Three personality facets-Creative Imagination, Productiveness, and Emotional Volatility-
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Putting the emotion regulation process into person-specific context: An experience sampling and mobile sensing study Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-10-13 Tabea Springstein, Tammy English
Emotion regulation is theorized to be situation-dependent. Thus far, researchers have looked for situational predictors of emotion regulation across individuals without considering that associations could vary from person to person. In a 14-day experience sampling and mobile sensing study (N = 164), we used Group Iterative Multiple Model Estimation (GIMME) to test how the emotion regulation process
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Prevention focus and conscientiousness drive accurate responding in stimulus detection Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-10-12 Xiao Liu, Stephen J. Read, Ashley Rabin, Kimberly A. Pollard, Benjamin T. Files
Accurate stimulus classification is an important component of decision-making. This study investigated the combined effect of the Five Factor Model with Regulatory Focus personality traits on signal detection in a go/no-go paradigm. Conscientiousness factor analyzed into 2 components: c-perseverance and c-organization. C-perseverance correlated with both prevention and promotion factors while c-organization
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Agency, communion, and the shifting gender norms in American society? A registered report Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-10-05 Azriel Grysman, Jordan A. Booker
Agency and communion are core personality variables with relevance to narrative approaches to personality and well-being, in addition to having gendered connotations. Agency has long been associated with masculinity, and communion with femininity. In fact, gender role scales measure concepts related to agency and communion to define stereotypical masculine and feminine traits. However, previous findings
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Loneliness and time alone in everyday life: A descriptive-exploratory study of subjective and objective social isolation Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-09-09 Alexander F. Danvers, Liliane D. Efinger, Matthias R. Mehl, Peter J. Helm, Charles L. Raison, Angelina J. Polsinelli, Suzanne A. Moseley, David A. Sbarra
Loneliness—the subjective experience of social isolation—is a common experience that can become an enduring feature of everyday life. How does feeling lonely relate to spending time alone? In this descriptive-exploratory study, we used the Electronically Activated Recorder (EAR), a naturalistic observation tool that samples sounds from participants’ daily lives, to assess time spent alone as an index
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Editorial Board Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-09-07
Abstract not available
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Being understood and feeling understood: Examining the role of personality and emotion perceptions in others’ felt understanding Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-08-30 Marie-Catherine Mignault, Hasagani Tissera, Lauren J. Human, John E. Lydon
How must a person be understood to feel understood? We explored how perceptions of close others’ personality and emotions related to their felt understanding. Results revealed that perceivers’ raw emotion accuracy, but not personality accuracy, was positively associated with targets’ felt understanding in two studies. Notably, being perceived in line with the normative, socially desirable profile of
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Pornography and pride: Antagonism drives links between narcissism and perceived addiction to pornography Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-08-16 Joshua B. Grubbs, Regina Tahk, David P. Fernandez, Elaine F. Fernandez, David Ley
Prior studies have documented a link between narcissism and both pornography use and feelings of addiction to pornography, yet most have used unidimensional measures of narcissism, which provide inadequate coverage of narcissistic traits. This work examined relationships between a three-factor model of narcissism and both self-reported pornography use and self-reported addiction to pornography. Across
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Psychodynamic theory meets HiTOP: The nomological network between motivational conflicts and dimensions of the hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology (HiTOP) Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-08-11 Carina Remmers, Robin Wester, Lukas G. Repnik, Mariana Plumbohm, Sebastian Unger, Emanuel Jauk
The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) provides a comprehensive description of psychopathology and maladaptive personality traits but does not include etiological theorizing. Psychodynamic theory offers such theorizing, describing motivational conflicts that can be processed either in active (progressive) or passive (regressive) modes. We related motivational conflicts to HiTOP dimensions
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Comparison of the relations between three dimensional personality frameworks and intra- and inter-personal functioning Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-08-09 Zahra Chamandoost, Minoo Jananeh, Leila Sadeghi, Saeid Komasi, Joshua Oltmanns
We aimed to understand which of the three personality frameworks including Criterion B of the DSM-5 model, Five-Factor Model (FFM), and affective temperaments was most overlapping with both intrapersonal and interpersonal dysfunctions (Criterion A). This cross-sectional study consisted of N = 496 people from western Iran. Pearson correlation and regression techniques were used for data analysis. Although
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A South Korean study of age trends in HEXACO-PI-R self-reports Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-07-28 Kibeom Lee, Michael C. Ashton
We examined age trends in mean scores on self-report scales of the HEXACO Personality Inventory—Revised (HEXACO-PI-R) in a cross-sectional sample of 147,564 South Korean respondents with ages ranging from 14 to 70 years. The most prominent trends were observed for the Honesty-Humility and Conscientiousness factor scales, where in each case respondents in their 60s averaged about one full standard deviation
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Self-knowledge of perceiver effects: Do people know how positively they tend to view targets relative to other people? Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-07-22 Victoria Pringle, Erika N. Carlson, Richard Rau
There are stable individual differences in how positive people’s impressions of others tend to be and these perceptual tendencies in turn shape behaviour. Using data from an experimental online photo-rating study (N = 303) and from an in-lab round-robin study (N = 156), we explored whether people have insight into how positive their impressions tend to be compared to others. Results from both studies
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Kernel structure of the combined English, Dutch, and Polish personality type-nouns, with a critical test against a type-noun based structure in Swahili Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 Boele De Raad, Ana Volungevičienė, Petar Čolović, Kim De Roover, Harrun Garrashi, Oleg Gorbaniuk
We compared three trait-structures based on type-nouns, to find their common kernel structure. We used ratings from 607 participants on 372 English type-nouns, 800 participants on 571 Dutch type-nouns, and 1,325 participants on 454 Polish typenouns. PCA based factor structures were compared using congruence coefficients. SCA was applied on a joint matrix of type-nouns with ratings from a total of 2
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Who will like me? Individual differences in the sources of meta-liking judgments at zero-acquaintance Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-07-24 Norhan Elsaadawy, Erika N. Carlson, Victoria Pringle
People have general working models of how likeable they are from past experiences, but do some people apply these models more flexibly than others? In two studies, we used the extended Social Relations Model to index how much within-person variability in people’s meta-liking judgments at zero-acquaintance was the result of tracking a shared reality of target differences (sensitivity) versus distinguishing
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Romantic competence in established relationships: Perceptual, behavioral, interactive, and assortative components Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-07-23 Michelle R. Persich Durham, Ivy R. Bergstrom, Crystal M. Towers, Michael D. Robinson
Romantic competence (RC) may benefit relationships, but the mechanisms responsible for such links have yet to receive sufficient attention. The present investigation assessed RC levels among participants and their romantic partners (171 couples) using a recently-developed situational judgment test and the design of the study permitted the examination of multiple pathways through which RC could benefit
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Disorganized schizotypy and neuroticism in daily life: Examining their overlap and differentiation Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-07-17
Positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy dimensions are associated with differential patterns of symptoms and impairment. Historically, disorganized schizotypy has been the least studied of the three schizotypy dimensions. Disorganized schizotypy has been found to be associated with emotional dysregulation, negative affect, and neuroticism. The current study examined the overlapping and differential
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Who scapegoats? Individual differences moderate the dual-motive model of scapegoating Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-06-30 Zachary K. Rothschild, Lucas A. Keefer
Rothschild and colleagues (2012) proposed that people scapegoat to maintain either their moral identity or control. Two experiments manipulated the threat posed by Climate Change to examine how individual differences moderate who blames a scapegoat. Study 1 (N = 835) found variation in Personal Need for Structure moderated scapegoating when climate change was a chaotic hazard, but not after reminders
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Attachment orientation and dynamics of negative and positive emotions in daily life Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-06-20 Jaakko Tammilehto, Peter Kuppens, Guy Bosmans, Marjo Flykt, Kirsi Peltonen, Mervi Vänskä, Jallu Lindblom
People’s attachment orientation contributes to their emotional experiences. However, the associations between attachment orientation and emotion dynamic features have remained unclear. In this preregistered study, we tested the associations of attachment orientation with baseline level, variability, inertia, and differentiation of emotions using two ecological momentary assessment adult samples (N = 122;
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The impact of suppressing and amplifying expressions on personality judgments Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-06-20 Lameese Eldesouky, Tammy English
We tested how expression-based regulation strategies influence personality judgments in an experiment with 164 undergraduate stranger dyads. One partner suppressed or amplified their emotional expressions during a conversation. Afterwards, partners rated their own and their partner’s personality. Suppressors were seen as less extraverted and warm than controls and amplifiers, while amplifiers were
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Emotion-Triggered impulsivity relates to speech dysfluency during high arousal states Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-06-20 Sheri L. Johnson, Julia M. Levitan, Lana C. Marks, Benjamin A. Swerdlow, Brahamdeep Kaur, Kiara R. Timpano
Emotion-triggered impulsivity is robustly tied to psychopathologies. We hypothesized that one form of emotion-triggered impulsivity, Feelings Trigger Action, would be correlated with speech disfluencies during high arousal. Participants with a range of internalizing and externalizing symptoms completed a stressful speech task in which they were videorecorded while discussing a controversial topic.
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Is peoples’ belief in a just world associated with (dis)honesty in romantic relationships? Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-06-17 Nina Reinhardt, Marc-André Reinhard, Simon Schindler
We hypothesized that people’s personal belief in a just world (PBJW) is associated with decreased relationship-based dishonesty. We tested our hypothesis in 11 studies using community samples and different methodological approaches. One internal meta-analysis across all 11 studies (total N = 4970) yielded a negative but non-significant overall effect (Fisher’s z = −0.07), thus providing no support
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Daily self-esteem and relationship quality in first-time parents Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-06-16 Jamila Willms, Elisa Weber, Manon van Scheppingen, Wiebke Bleidorn
Do people feel better about themselves on days when they are more satisfied with their relationship? This study addressed this question in a sample of 238 first-time parents who provided daily reports of their self-esteem and relationship quality 6 weeks before, 6 months after, and 18 months after the birth of their first child. Consistent with theory and between-person evidence, we found both mothers
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Why does the trait-state relation in vocational interests differ from that in personality? Exploring interest variability in daily life Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-06-12 Lena Roemer, Gundula Stoll, James Rounds, Matthias Ziegler
Recent studies further the development of trait-state models for vocational interests. Unlike personality, vocational interest states were found to vary mainly below respective trait levels. This preregistered experience-sampling study (N = 217, Nobs = 5,631) aimed to replicate and explain why the trait-state relation in vocational interests differs from personality. We tested competing assumptions
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Misperceptions in a post-truth world: Effects of subjectivism and cultural relativism on bullshit receptivity and conspiracist ideation Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-06-10 Julia Aspernäs, Arvid Erlandsson, Artur Nilsson
This research investigated whether belief in truth relativism yields higher receptivity to misinformation. Two studies with representative samples from Sweden (Study 1, N = 1005) and the UK (Study 2, N = 417) disentangled two forms of truth relativism: subjectivism (truth is relative to subjective intuitions) and cultural relativism (truth is relative to cultural context). In Study 1, subjectivism
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Gender differences in self-efficacy partially explain the female underprediction effect Journal of Research in Personality (IF 3.886) Pub Date : 2023-06-06 Tyler L. Minnigh, Thomas R. Coyle
Women tend to perform better in college than their admission test scores predict. The observed differential prediction of men's and women's academic performance based on academic tests is known as the female underprediction effect. Prior research demonstrates that gender differences in trait-level conscientiousness explain some of the observed female underprediction effect. The current study examined