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An Automobile’s Tail Lights: Sacrificing Safety for Playful Design? Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Fiona Burns-Hemingway, Brett B. T. Feltmate, Raymond M. Klein
ObjectiveThe counterintuitive “Union Jack”-inspired turn signals on versions of BMW’s Mini vehicles was investigated to reveal potential impacts on human performance.BackgroundWhen some Mini drivers indicate a change in direction, they do so with an oppositely oriented arrow. This conflict, between the task-irrelevant spatial shape and task-relevant location of the signal, mimics a “converse” spatial-Stroop
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Is Less Sometimes More? An Experimental Comparison of Four Measures of Perceived Usability Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Elisa Gräve, Axel Buchner
ObjectiveIn usability studies, the subjective component of usability, perceived usability, is often of interest besides the objective usability components, efficiency and effectiveness. Perceived usability is typically investigated using questionnaires. Our goal was to assess experimentally which of four perceived-usability questionnaires differing in length best reflects the difference in perceived
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Examining Patterns and Predictors of ADHD Teens’ Skill-Learning Trajectories During Enhanced FOrward Concentration and Attention Learning (FOCAL+) Training Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-09 Jeffery N. Epstein, Annie A. Garner, Adam W. Kiefer, James Peugh, Leanne Tamm, James D. Lynch, Ryan P. MacPherson, John O. Simon, Donald L. Fisher
ObjectiveExamine patterns and predictors of skill learning during multisession Enhanced FOrward Concentration and Attention Learning (FOCAL+) training.BackgroundFOCAL+ teaches teens to reduce the duration of off-road glances using real-time error learning. In a randomized controlled trial, teens with ADHD received five sessions of FOCAL+ training and demonstrated significant reductions in extended
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Rush to Charge, Dead to Drive: Application of Deadline Rush Model to Electric Vehicle User’s Charging Behavior Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Mehrsa Khaleghikarahrodi, Gretchen A. Macht
ObjectiveThis work aims to estimate the portion of electric vehicle (EV) users who exhibit procrastination-like behavior, almost equivalent to an “empty” battery, before they decide to charge their vehicles.BackgroundThere is a human tendency to procrastinate when a deadline approaches. Human behavior in the presence of deadlines has been studied in different fields to evaluate individuals’ performance
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Attentional Tunneling in Pilots During a Visual Tracking Task With a Head Mounted Display Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Erik Van der Burg, Wietse D. Ledegang, Frank L. Kooi, Mark M. J. Houben, Eric L. Groen
ObjectiveWe examined whether active head aiming with a Helmet Mounted Display (HMD) can draw the pilot’s attention away from a primary flight task. Furthermore, we examined whether visual clutter increases this effect.BackgroundHead up display symbology can result in attentional tunneling, and clutter makes it difficult to identify objects.MethodEighteen military pilots had to simultaneously perform
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Trust with increasing and decreasing reliability Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Benjamin S. P. Rittenberg, Christopher W. Holland, Grace E. Barnhart, Sierra M. Gaudreau, Heather F. Neyedli
ObjectiveThe primary purpose was to determine how trust changes over time when automation reliability increases or decreases. A secondary purpose was to determine how task-specific self-confidence is associated with trust and reliability level.BackgroundBoth overtrust and undertrust can be detrimental to system performance; therefore, the temporal dynamics of trust with changing reliability level need
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More Is Not Always Better: Impacts of AI-Generated Confidence and Explanations in Human–Automation Interaction Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Shihong Ling, Yutong Zhang, Na Du
ObjectiveThe study aimed to enhance transparency in autonomous systems by automatically generating and visualizing confidence and explanations and assessing their impacts on performance, trust, preference, and eye-tracking behaviors in human–automation interaction.BackgroundSystem transparency is vital to maintaining appropriate levels of trust and mission success. Previous studies presented mixed
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The Influence of Contextual and Theoretical Expertise on Generic and Occupation-Specific Lifting Strategy Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Daniel P. Armstrong, Tyson A. C. Beach, Steven L. Fischer
ObjectiveTo determine whether (i) low back loads and/or (ii) kinematic coordination patterns differed across theoretical expert, contextual expert and novice groups when completing both generic and occupation-specific lifts.BackgroundExperience has been proposed as a factor that could reduce biomechanical exposures in lifting, but the literature reports mixed effects. The inconsistent relationship
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Adopting Stimulus Detection Tasks for Cognitive Workload Assessment: Some Considerations Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Francesco N. Biondi
ObjectiveThis article tackles the issue of correct data interpretation when using stimulus detection tasks for determining the operator’s workload.BackgroundStimulus detection tasks are a relative simple and inexpensive means of measuring the operator’s state. While stimulus detection tasks may be better geared to measure conditions of high workload, adopting this approach for the assessment of low
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Effects of In-Vehicle Touchscreen Location on Driver Task Performance, Eye Gaze Behavior, and Workload During Conditionally Automated Driving: Nondriving-Related Task and Take-Over Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-19 Gayoung Ban, Woojin Park
ObjectiveThis study investigated the effects of nondriving-related task (NDRT) touchscreen location and NDRT difficulty level on the driver task performance, eye gaze behavior, and workload during SAE Level 3 conditionally automated driving. Two driver tasks were considered: a visuomanual NDRT and a take-over task.BackgroundTouchscreens are expected to play important roles inside automated vehicles
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Factors Affecting Workers’ Mental Stress in Handover Activities During Human–Robot Collaboration Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Lu Lu, Ziyang Xie, Hanwen Wang, Bingyi Su, Sehee Jung, Xu Xu
ObjectiveThis study investigated the effects of different approach directions, movement speeds, and trajectories of a co-robot’s end-effector on workers’ mental stress during handover tasks.BackgroundHuman–robot collaboration (HRC) is gaining attention in industry and academia. Understanding robot-related factors causing mental stress is crucial for designing collaborative tasks that minimize workers’
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Exploring the Timing of Disengagement From Nondriving Related Tasks in Scheduled Takeovers With Pre-Alerts: An Analysis of Takeover-Related Measures Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Jiming Bai, Xu Sun, Shi Cao, Qingfeng Wang, Jiang Wu
ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate drivers’ disengagement from nondriving related tasks (NDRT) during scheduled takeovers and to evaluate its impact on takeover performance.BackgroundDuring scheduled takeovers, drivers typically have sufficient time to prepare. However, inadequate disengagement from NDRTs can introduce safety risks.MethodParticipants experienced scheduled takeovers using a driving
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Energy Consumption Displays in Electric Vehicles: Differential Effects on Estimating Consumption and Experienced Energy Dynamics Awareness Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-10 Markus Gödker, Vivien E. Moll, Thomas Franke
ObjectiveThe effects of three prototypical designs of energy consumption displays on energy-specific situation awareness were examined.BackgroundEnergy efficiency is crucial for the sustainability of technical systems. However, without accurate situation awareness of energy dynamics (energy dynamics awareness, EDA) it can be challenging for humans to optimize the use of energy resources of electric
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Communication Strategies in Human-Autonomy Teams During Technological Failures Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 Julie L. Harrison, Shiwen Zhou, Matthew J. Scalia, David A. P. Grimm, Mustafa Demir, Nathan J. McNeese, Nancy J. Cooke, Jamie C. Gorman
ObjectiveThis study examines low-, medium-, and high-performing Human-Autonomy Teams’ (HATs’) communication strategies during various technological failures that impact routine communication strategies to adapt to the task environment.BackgroundTeams must adapt their communication strategies during dynamic tasks, where more successful teams make more substantial adaptations. Adaptations in communication
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Application of a Human Factors and Systems Engineering Approach to Explore Care Transitions of Sepsis Survivors From Hospital to Home Health Care Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-04 Sungho Oh, Elaine Sang, Michael A. Stawnychy, Patrik Garren, Sang Bin You, Melissa O’Connor, Karen B. Hirschman, Nancy Hodgson, Teresa Cranston, Juliane Jablonski, Karen O’Brien, Michael Newcomb, Melissa Spahr, Kathryn H. Bowles
Study AimThis study aims to describe the transition-in-care work process for sepsis survivors going from hospitals to home health care (HHC) and identify facilitators and barriers to enable practice change and safe care transitions using a human factors and systems engineering approach.BackgroundDespite high readmission risk for sepsis survivors, the transition-in-care work process from hospitals to
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What Aimed Movement Models Fit Distal Pointing With Varying Depth? Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-03 Yuqian Wang, Ravindra S. Goonetilleke, Ray F. Lin
ObjectiveWith the rapid improvements in drone technology, there is an increasing interest in distal pointing to diffuse drones. This study investigated the effect of depth on distal pointing when the hand does not traverse the entire distance from start to target so that the most suitable mathematical model can be assessed.BackgroundStarting from the Fitts paradigm, researchers have proposed different
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Effects of a Passive Back-Support Exosuit on Postural Control and Cognitive Performance During a Fatigue-Inducing Posture Maintenance Task Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-03 Jiwon Kim, Sang Hyeon Kang, Jinfeng Li, Gary A. Mirka, Michael C. Dorneich
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of passive back-support exosuit on postural control and cognitive performance during a fatigue-inducing posture maintenance task.BackgroundWearable support systems (exoskeletons/exosuits) reduce physical demands but may also influence postural control and cognitive performance by reducing muscular fatigue.MethodEighteen participants visited on two different days
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Development and Human Factors Evaluation of a Portable Auditory Localization Training System. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-30 Brandon S Thompson,Kichol Lee,John G Casali,Kara M Cave
OBJECTIVE To design and develop a Portable Auditory Localization Acclimation Training (PALAT) system capable of producing psychoacoustically accurate localization cues; evaluate the training effect against a proven full-scale, laboratory-grade system under three listening conditions; and determine if the PALAT system is sensitive to differences among electronic level-dependent hearing protection devices
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False Alarm Effects in Early Warnings for Emergency Vehicles: Exploring Drivers' Move-Over Behavior. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-29 Kajsa Weibull,Björn Lidestam,Erik Prytz
OBJECTIVE This study investigated drivers' move-over behavior when receiving an Emergency Vehicle Approaching (EVA) warning. Furthermore, the possible effects of false alarms, driver experience, and modality on move-over behavior were explored. BACKGROUND EVA warnings are one solution to encourage drivers to move over for emergency vehicles in a safe and timely manner. EVA warnings are distributed
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Cognitive, Psychophysiological, and Perceptual Responses to a Repeated Military-Specific Load Carriage Treadmill Simulation. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-28 Christopher A J Vine,Oliver R Runswick,Sam D Blacker,Sarah L Coakley,Andrew G Siddall,Stephen D Myers
BACKGROUND Dismounted military operations require soldiers to complete cognitive tasks whilst undertaking demanding and repeated physical taskings. OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of repeated fast load carriage bouts on cognitive performance, perceptual responses, and psychophysiological markers. METHODS Twelve civilian males (age, 28 ± 8 y; stature, 186 ± 6 cm; body mass 84.3 ± 11.1 kg; V̇O2max, 51
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Drowsiness Mitigation Through Driver State Monitoring Systems: A Scoping Review. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-20 Suzan Ayas,Birsen Donmez,Xing Tang
OBJECTIVE To explore the scope of available research and to identify research gaps on in-vehicle interventions for drowsiness that utilize driver monitoring systems (DMS). BACKGROUND DMS are gaining popularity as a countermeasure against drowsiness. However, how these systems can be best utilized to guide driver attention is unclear. METHODS A scoping review was conducted in adherence to PRISMA guidelines
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An Experimental Investigation of Hazard Statement Compliance in Procedures Using Eye Tracking Technology: Should Task be Included in the C-HIP Model? Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-18 Joseph W Hendricks,S Camille Peres
OBJECTIVE Using eye tracking technology, this study sought to determine if differences in hazard statement (HS) compliance based on design elements are attributable to attention maintenance (AM). BACKGROUND Recent empirical work has demonstrated counter-intuitive findings for HS designs embedded in procedures. Specifically, prevalent HS designs in procedures were associated with lower compliance. METHOD
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A Vehicle Simulation Study Examining the Effects of System Interface Design Elements on Performance in Different Vibration Environments Below 3 Hz. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-17 Xing Tang,Suihuai Yu,Birsen Donmez,Jianjie Chu,Hao Fan,Feilong Li,Gang Jiang
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the relationship between system interface elements' design features and interaction performance in simulated vehicle vibration environments. BACKGROUND Touch screens have been widely used in vehicle information systems, but few studies have focused on the decline of touchscreen interaction performance and task load increase when driving on unpaved roads. METHOD
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Improving Social Bot Detection Through Aid and Training. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 Ryan Kenny,Baruch Fischhoff,Alex Davis,Casey Canfield
OBJECTIVE We test the effects of three aids on individuals' ability to detect social bots among Twitter personas: a bot indicator score, a training video, and a warning. BACKGROUND Detecting social bots can prevent online deception. We use a simulated social media task to evaluate three aids. METHOD Lay participants judged whether each of 60 Twitter personas was a human or social bot in a simulated
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Visual Style Elements in Human-System Interface Design for Nuclear Power Operations: Does Style Affect Performance and Preference? Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-14 Anna Hall,Clara Alivisatos,Thomas A Ulrich,Roger Lew,Ronald L Boring,Christopher Poresky
OBJECTIVE As the world increasingly adopts renewable and sustainable energy systems, transitionary solutions include nuclear power, which currently provides 20% of the United States' electricity and is the largest single source of carbon-free electricity generation. Advanced reactors are a critical component of a carbon-free mixed energy portfolio that require careful design of first-of-a-kind control
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The Role of State and Trait Self-Control on the Sustained Attention to Response Task. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Amanda E Harwood,Kelly Satterfield,William S Helton,Patrick E McKnight,Tyler H Shaw
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the plausibility of self-control depletion, or ego-depletion, as the underlying cognitive resource responsible for performance decrements on the sustained attention to response task. BACKGROUND Researchers suggested that self-control is a limited cognitive resource used to complete a myriad of processes, including sustained attention. Past research showed that trait
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Changes in Neck and Shoulder Muscles Fatigue Threshold When Using a Passive Head/Neck Supporting Exoskeleton During Repetitive Overhead Tasks. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Ehsan Garosi,Zeinab Kazemi,Adel Mazloumi,Ahmadreza Keihani
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of a head/neck supporting exoskeleton (HNSE) on the electromyographic fatigue threshold (EMGFT) of the neck and shoulder muscles during a simulated overhead work task. BACKGROUND Overhead work is a well-known risk factor for neck and shoulder musculoskeletal disorders due to the excessive strain imposed on the muscles and joints in these regions
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Preface to the Special Issue on Assessment and Effectiveness of Driver Monitoring Systems. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-13 Francesco N Biondi,William J Horrey,Birsen Donmez
With vehicle automation becoming more commonplace, the role of the human driver is shifting from that of system operator to that of system supervisor. With this shift comes the risk of drivers becoming more disengaged from the task of supervising the system functioning, thus increasing the need for technology to keep drivers alert. This special issue includes the most up-to-date research on how drivers
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Effectiveness of Safe Patient Handling Equipment and Techniques: A Review of Biomechanical Studies. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Mike Fray,Kermit G Davis
OBJECTIVE This review aimed to evaluate all studies that have evaluated the biomechanical effects when using assistive devices. INTRODUCTION The physical demands of patient handling activities are well known. One safety strategy for the reduction of the physical risks is use of assistive devices. METHOD The search process identified articles published in English-speaking journals through Google Scholar
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Information Access Effort: The Role of Head Movements for Information Presented at Increasing Eccentricity on Flat Panel and Head-Mounted Displays. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-09 Amelia C Warden,Christopher D Wickens,Benjamin A Clegg,Daniel Rehberg,Francisco R Ortega
OBJECTIVE This experiment examined performance costs when processing two sources of information positioned at increasing distances using a flat panel display and an augmented reality head-mounted display (AR-HMD). BACKGROUND The AR-HMD enables positioning virtual information at various distances in space. However, the proximity compatibility principle suggests that closer separation when two sources
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Neck Muscle Coactivation Response to Varied Levels of Mental Workload During Simulated Flight Tasks. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-09 Peter Le,Emily H L Mills,Charles A Weisenbach,Kermit G Davis
OBJECTIVE To evaluate neck muscle coactivation across different levels of mental workload during simulated flight tasks. BACKGROUND Neck pain (NP) is highly prevalent among military aviators. Given the complex nature within the flight environment, mental workload may be a risk factor for NP. This may induce higher levels of neck muscle coactivity, which over time may accelerate fatigue, increase neck
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Road Users Fail to Appreciate the Special Optical Properties of Retroreflective Materials. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Savana L King,Ellen C Szubski,Richard A Tyrrell
OBJECTIVE To determine whether typical road users appreciate the special optical properties of retroreflective materials. BACKGROUND Retroreflective surfaces reflect light back towards the source of the illumination. All drivers benefit from retroreflective materials, as they are required on road signs, on large trailers, in lane delineation, and other traffic control devices. Retroreflective markings
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An Eye-Fixation Related Electroencephalography Technique for Predicting Situation Awareness: Implications for Driver State Monitoring Systems. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-18 Jing Yang,Nade Liang,Brandon J Pitts,Kwaku Prakah-Asante,Reates Curry,Denny Yu
OBJECTIVE This study developed a fixation-related electroencephalography band power (FRBP) approach for situation awareness (SA) assessment in automated driving. BACKGROUND Maintaining good SA in Level 3 automated vehicles is crucial to drivers' takeover performance when the automated system fails. A multimodal fusion approach that enables the analysis of the visual behavioral and cognitive processes
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Eye-Tracking in Physical Human-Robot Interaction: Mental Workload and Performance Prediction. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-10-04 Satyajit Upasani,Divya Srinivasan,Qi Zhu,Jing Du,Alexander Leonessa
BACKGROUND In Physical Human-Robot Interaction (pHRI), the need to learn the robot's motor-control dynamics is associated with increased cognitive load. Eye-tracking metrics can help understand the dynamics of fluctuating mental workload over the course of learning. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to test eye-tracking measures' sensitivity and reliability to variations in task difficulty, as well
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How Terminology Affects Users' Responses to System Failures. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Cindy Candrian,Anne Scherer
OBJECTIVE The objective of our research is to advance the understanding of behavioral responses to a system's error. By examining trust as a dynamic variable and drawing from attribution theory, we explain the underlying mechanism and suggest how terminology can be used to mitigate the so-called algorithm aversion. In this way, we show that the use of different terms may shape consumers' perceptions
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Exploratory Development of Algorithms for Determining Driver Attention Status. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Eileen Herbers,Marty Miller,Luke Neurauter,Jacob Walters,Daniel Glaser
OBJECTIVE Varying driver distraction algorithms were developed using vehicle kinematics and driver gaze data obtained from a camera-based driver monitoring system (DMS). BACKGROUND Distracted driving characteristics can be difficult to accurately detect due to wide variation in driver behavior across driving environments. The growing availability of information about drivers and their involvement in
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A Visual-Vestibular Model to Predict Motion Sickness for Linear and Angular Motion. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-09-12 Daniel Sousa Schulman,Nishant Jalgaonkar,Sneha Ojha,Ana Rivero Valles,Monica L H Jones,Shorya Awtar
OBJECTIVE This study proposed a model to predict passenger motion sickness under the presence of a visual-vestibular conflict and assessed its performance with respect to previously recorded experimental data. BACKGROUND While several models have been shown useful to predict motion sickness under repetitive motion, improvements are still desired in terms of predicting motion sickness in realistic driving
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Transparent Automated Advice to Mitigate the Impact of Variation in Automation Reliability. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-27 Isabella Gegoff,Monica Tatasciore,Vanessa Bowden,Jason McCarley,Shayne Loft
OBJECTIVE To examine the extent to which increased automation transparency can mitigate the potential negative effects of low and high automation reliability on disuse and misuse of automated advice, and perceived trust in automation. BACKGROUND Automated decision aids that vary in the reliability of their advice are increasingly used in workplaces. Low-reliability automation can increase disuse of
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Effects of a Passive Back-Support Exosuit on Erector Spinae and Abdominal Muscle Activity During Short-Duration, Asymmetric Trunk Posture Maintenance Tasks. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-27 Sang Hyeon Kang,Gary A Mirka
OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of asymmetry and lower extremity mobility restrictions on the effectiveness of a passive back-support exosuit in short-duration, static trunk flexion postures. BACKGROUND The effectiveness of trunk exoskeletons/suits for sagittally symmetric trunk posture maintenance has been investigated, but there has been limited study of the effects of asymmetric trunk postures
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The (Im)perfect Automation Schema: Who Is Trusted More, Automated or Human Decision Support? Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-26 Tobias Rieger,Luisa Kugler,Dietrich Manzey,Eileen Roesler
OBJECTIVE This study's purpose was to better understand the dynamics of trust attitude and behavior in human-agent interaction. BACKGROUND Whereas past research provided evidence for a perfect automation schema, more recent research has provided contradictory evidence. METHOD To disentangle these conflicting findings, we conducted an online experiment using a simulated medical X-ray task. We manipulated
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Primacy Effects in Extended Cognitive Strategy Choice: Initial Speed Benefits Outweigh Later Speed Benefits. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-23 Patrick P Weis,Wilfried Kunde
BACKGROUND Human performers often recruit environment-based assistance to acquire or process information, such as relying on a smartphone app, a search engine, or a conversational agent. To make informed choices between several of such extended cognitive strategies, performers need to monitor the performance of these options. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we investigated whether participants monitor
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European NCAP Driver State Monitoring Protocols: Prevalence of Distraction in Naturalistic Driving. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-20 Megan Mulhall,Kyle Wilson,Shiyan Yang,Jonny Kuo,Tracey Sletten,Clare Anderson,Mark E Howard,Shantha Rajaratnam,Michelle Magee,Allison Collins,Michael G Lenné
OBJECTIVE examine the prevalence of driver distraction in naturalistic driving when implementing European New Car Assessment Program (Euro NCAP)-defined distraction behaviours. BACKGROUND The 2023 introduction of Occupant Status monitoring (OSM) into Euro NCAP will accelerate uptake of Driver State Monitoring (DSM). Euro NCAP outlines distraction behaviours that DSM must detect to earn maximum safety
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Finding a City Name in a Traffic Sign: Effects of Word Case and Visual Motion. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-10 Pilar Tejero,Laura Royo,Javier Roca
OBJECTIVES To investigate the word recognition effects of the use of all-uppercase (e.g., VALENCIA) or titled-case (e.g., Valencia) for city names in traffic signs, controlling for word size, and comparing stationary and dynamic viewing situations. BACKGROUND Prior studies provide mixed evidence regarding the effects of word case on the recognition of city names in traffic signs. Moreover, the evidence
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When Do Humans Heed AI Agents' Advice? When Should They? Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-08 Richard E Dunning,Baruch Fischhoff,Alex L Davis
OBJECTIVE We manipulate the presence, skill, and display of artificial intelligence (AI) recommendations in a strategy game to measure their effect on users' performance. BACKGROUND Many applications of AI require humans and AI agents to make decisions collaboratively. Success depends on how appropriately humans rely on the AI agent. We demonstrate an evaluation method for a platform that uses neural
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The Effects of Auditory Working Memory Task on Situation Awareness in Complex Dynamic Environments: An Eye-movement Study. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-08-02 Xudong Xie,Tiantian Li,Shuai Xu,Yingyue Yu,Yifeng Ma,Zhen Liu,Ming Ji
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of auditory working memory task on situation awareness (SA) and eye-movement patterns in complex dynamic environments. BACKGROUND Many human errors in aviation are caused by a lack of SA, and distraction from auditory secondary tasks is a serious threat to SA. However, it remains unclear how auditory working memory tasks affect SA and eye-movement patterns
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Changes in Navigation Controls and Field-of-View Modes Affect Cybersickness Severity and Spatiotemporal Gait Patterns After Exposure to Virtual Environments. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-27 Ming-I Brandon Lin,Bonnie Wu,Shun-Wen Cheng
OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of navigation controls and field-of-view modes on cybersickness severity and gait dynamics after cessation of exposure to a virtual environment (VE). BACKGROUND The applications of virtual reality are increasing in various fields; however, whether changes in interaction techniques and visual contents could mitigate the potential gait disturbance following VE exposure
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Reducing the Costs of Automation Failure by Providing Voluntary Automation Checking Tools. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-27 Vanessa Bowden,Dale Long,Shayne Loft
OBJECTIVE We investigated the extent to which a voluntary-use range and bearing line (RBL) tool improves return-to-manual performance when supervising high-degree conflict detection automation in simulated air traffic control. BACKGROUND High-degree automation typically benefits routine performance and reduces workload, but can degrade return-to-manual performance if automation fails. We reasoned that
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Vigilance Decrement During On-Road Partially Automated Driving Across Four Systems. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-27 Francesco N Biondi,Amy S McDonnell,Mobina Mahmoodzadeh,Noor Jajo,Balakumar Balasingam,David L Strayer
OBJECTIVE This study uses a detection task to measure changes in driver vigilance when operating four different partially automated systems. BACKGROUND Research show temporal declines in detection task performance during manual and fully automated driving, but the accuracy of using this approach for measuring changes in driver vigilance during on-road partially automated driving is yet unproven. METHOD
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Fostering Drivers' Trust in Automated Driving Styles: The Role of Driver Perception of Automated Driving Maneuvers. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-25 Zheng Ma,Yiqi Zhang
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the impact of driving styles of drivers and automated vehicles (AVs) on drivers' perception of automated driving maneuvers and quantified the relationships among drivers' perception of AV maneuvers, driver trust, and acceptance of AVs. BACKGROUND Previous studies on automated driving styles focused on the impact of AV's global driving style on driver's attitude and
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Development and Validation of the System Trustworthiness Scale. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-07-17 Gene M Alarcon,August Capiola,Michael A Lee,Sasha Willis,Izz Aldin Hamdan,Sarah A Jessup,Krista N Harris
OBJECTIVE We created and validated a scale to measure perceptions of system trustworthiness. BACKGROUND Several scales exist in the literature that attempt to assess trustworthiness of system referents. However, existing measures suffer from limitations in their development and validation. The current study sought to develop a scale based on theory and methodological rigor. METHOD We conducted exploratory
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Predicting Fatigue-Associated Aberrant Driving Behaviors Using a Dynamic Weighted Moving Average Model With a Long Short-Term Memory Network Based on Heart Rate Variability. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-30 Cheng-Yu Tsai,He-In Cheong,Robert Houghton,Wen-Hua Hsu,Kang-Yun Lee,Jiunn-Horng Kang,Yi-Chun Kuan,Hsin-Chien Lee,Cheng-Jung Wu,Lok-Yee Joyce Li,Yin-Tzu Lin,Shang-Yang Lin,Iulia Manole,Arnab Majumdar,Wen-Te Liu
OBJECTIVE This study proposed a moving average (MA) approach to dynamically process heart rate variability (HRV) and developed aberrant driving behavior (ADB) prediction models by using long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. BACKGROUND Fatigue-associated ADBs have traffic safety implications. Numerous models to predict such acts based on physiological responses have been developed but are still in
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How Do Drivers Perceive Risks During Automated Driving Scenarios? An fNIRS Neuroimaging Study. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-26 Jaume Perello-March,Christopher G Burns,Roger Woodman,Stewart Birrell,Mark T Elliott
OBJECTIVE Using brain haemodynamic responses to measure perceived risk from traffic complexity during automated driving. BACKGROUND Although well-established during manual driving, the effects of driver risk perception during automated driving remain unknown. The use of fNIRS in this paper for assessing drivers' states posits it could become a novel method for measuring risk perception. METHODS Twenty-three
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Driving Aggressively or Conservatively? Investigating the Effects of Automated Vehicle Interaction Type and Road Event on Drivers' Trust and Preferred Driving Style. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-09 Yuni Lee,Miaomiao Dong,Vidya Krishnamoorthy,Kumar Akash,Teruhisa Misu,Zhaobo Zheng,Gaojian Huang
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the impact of automated vehicle (AV) interaction mode on drivers' trust and preferred driving styles in response to pedestrian- and traffic-related road events. BACKGROUND The rising popularity of AVs highlights the need for a deeper understanding of the factors that influence trust in AV. Trust is a crucial element, particularly because current AVs are only
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Visual Complexity of Head-Up Display in Automobiles Modulates Attentional Tunneling. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-06-08 Jieun Lee,Nahyun Lee,Jangkyu Ju,Jihwan Chae,Jiyoon Park,Hoe Sung Ryu,Yang Seok Cho
OBJECTIVE To investigate how the visual complexity of head-up displays (HUDs) influence the allocation of driver's attention in two separate visual domains (near and far domains). BACKGROUND The types and amount of information displayed on automobile HUDs have increased. With limited human attention capacity, increased visual complexity in the near domain may lead to interference in the effective processing
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The Next Giant Leap for Space Human Factors: The Opportunities. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-28 Jessica J Marquez,Lauren Blackwell Landon,Eduardo Salas
OBJECTIVE Propose areas of future space human factors research. BACKGROUND Deep space, long-duration human spaceflight missions to the Moon and Mars still require advances in space human factors research. Key drivers relate to astronauts living and working in isolation, new novel technologies required to accomplish exploration missions, and the longer durations of these. RESULTS Three areas of research
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Improving Workers' Musculoskeletal Health During Human-Robot Collaboration Through Reinforcement Learning. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-22 Ziyang Xie,Lu Lu,Hanwen Wang,Bingyi Su,Yunan Liu,Xu Xu
OBJECTIVE This study aims to improve workers' postures and thus reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders in human-robot collaboration by developing a novel model-free reinforcement learning method. BACKGROUND Human-robot collaboration has been a flourishing work configuration in recent years. Yet, it could lead to work-related musculoskeletal disorders if the collaborative tasks result in awkward
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Expectancy or Salience?-Replicating Senders' Dial-Monitoring Experiments With a Gaze-Contingent Window. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-21 Yke Bauke Eisma,Ahmed Bakay,Joost de Winter
INTRODUCTION In the 1950s and 1960s, John Senders carried out a number of influential experiments on the monitoring of multidegree-of-freedom systems. In these experiments, participants were tasked with detecting events (threshold crossings) for multiple dials, each presenting a signal with different bandwidth. Senders' analyses showed a nearly linear relationship between signal bandwidth and the amount
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Boring But Demanding: Using Secondary Tasks to Counter the Driver Vigilance Decrement for Partially Automated Driving Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-15 Scott Mishler, Jing Chen
ObjectiveWe investigated secondary–task–based countermeasures to the vigilance decrement during a simulated partially automated driving (PAD) task, with the goal of understanding the underlying mec...
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Human Factors in Spaceflight: New Progress on a Long Journey. Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-15 Lauren Blackwell Landon,Jessica J Marquez,Eduardo Salas
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Who Gets Caught in the Web of Lies?: Understanding Susceptibility to Phishing Emails, Fake News Headlines, and Scam Text Messages Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (IF 3.3) Pub Date : 2023-05-01 Dawn M. Sarno, Jeffrey Black
ObjectiveThe present study investigated if the same users are vulnerable to phishing emails, scam text messages, and fake news headlines and if there are universal predictors of susceptibility for ...