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Rhythmic timing in aging adults: On the role of cognitive functioning and structural brain integrity. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Annett Schirmer, Rafael Romero-Garcia, Man Hey Chiu, Nicolas Escoffier, Trevor B. Penney, Benjamin Goh, John Suckling, Jasmine Tan, Lei Feng
Here we asked whether impaired timing in older adults results from an aging clock or a more general brain and cognitive decline. Healthy aging adults (N = 70, aged 62-83 years) tapped to the beat of a periodic and a syncopated rhythm. Analyses focused on performance differences between rhythms (periodic-syncopated), which reduced the impact of timing unrelated processes. Apart from tapping, participants
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Age differences in item selection behaviors and subsequent memory for new foreign language vocabulary: Evidence for a region of proximal learning heuristic. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Christopher Hertzog, Jodi Price, Rory Murray
We examined younger and older adults' item selection behaviors to assess heuristics for self-regulating learning of English meanings of Chinese characters varying widely in figural complexity. Two study-test trials were used to assess whether (a) item selection behaviors on the first study opportunity would show evidence for a difficulty-based heuristic as posited by Metcalfe's (2002) region of proximal
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Helping out or helping yourself? Volunteering and life satisfaction across the retirement transition. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-09-24 Pär Bjälkebring,Georg Henning,Daniel Västfjäll,Stephan Dickert,Yvonne Brehmer,Sandra Buratti,Isabelle Hansson,Boo Johansson
It has been suggested that volunteering leads to increases in well-being, particularly in older and retiring adults, and that volunteering could be used as a public health intervention to increase well-being. However, the causal relationship has been questioned. We investigated the association between voluntary work and life satisfaction in a bivariate dual-change score model, using 4 years of longitudinal
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Sensor-measured sedentariness and physical activity are differentially related to fluid and crystallized abilities in aging. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-09-24 Agnieszka Z Burzynska,Michelle W Voss,Jason Fanning,Elizabeth A Salerno,Neha P Gothe,Edward McAuley,Arthur F Kramer
Aerobic exercise and physical activity (PA) are known to benefit cognition in adulthood. However, a typical older adult spends most of the day sedentary or in light PA, behaviors that are typically poorly captured by questionnaires. To better understand the associations between time spent in different intensities of lifestyle PA and cognition, we measured average time spent daily in sedentariness,
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Effect of mortality salience on charitable donations: Evidence from a national sample. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-09-24 Wändi Bruine de Bruin,Aulona Ulqinaku
Mortality salience refers to being reminded of death, which increases self-reported prosociality in student samples. Here, we examined effects of mortality salience on actual donations, in a national life-span sample (N = 5,376). In the mortality-salience (vs. control) condition, participants donated on average 25 cents more to charity, out of their $5 budget. This finding was unaffected by adult age
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Older adults consider others' intentions less but allocentric outcomes more than young adults during an ultimatum game. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 Isu Cho,Hyun-Joo Song,Hackjin Kim,Sunhae Sul
The present research investigated age-related differences in other-regarding preferences-the preference for taking others' benefit into account during social decision-making-between young and elderly adults. Young and older Korean adults responded to multiple rounds of a mini-ultimatum game, and the extent to which each individual considered outcome and intention was quantified using economic utility
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Longitudinal changes in subjective social status are linked to changes in positive and negative affect in midlife, but not in later adulthood. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-09-03 David Weiss,Ute Kunzmann
Subjective social status is defined as the perceived social standing of a person in a social hierarchy and may change across time. Although the link between subjective social status and well-being is widely recognized, the dynamic nature of changes in subjective social status across the life span is not well understood. We predicted that gains and losses in subjective social status will be associated
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Age-related differences in actual-ideal personality trait level discrepancies. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-09-03 Marie Hennecke,Paul Schumann,Jule Specht
People differ from each other in their typical patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion and these patterns are considered to constitute their personalities (Funder, 2001). For various reasons, for example, because certain trait levels may help to attain certain goals or fulfill certain social roles, people may experience that their actual trait levels are different from their ideal trait levels.
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Age differences in cross-task bleeding. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Jessica Nicosia,David Balota
The present study investigated age-related differences in the ability to constrain attention to the current task, without contamination (bleeding) from an upcoming decision. Each experiment included two blocks of trials. During Block 1, participants initially incidentally encoded a list of high- and low-frequency words, after which they pronounced aloud the studied words intermixed with a new set of
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Effects of aging in a task-switch paradigm with the diffusion decision model. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Nadja R Ging-Jehli,Roger Ratcliff
We investigated aging effects in a task-switch paradigm with degraded stimuli administered to college students, 61-74 year olds, and 75-89 year olds. We studied switch costs (the performance difference between task-repeat and task-switch trials) in terms of accuracy and mean reaction times (RTs). Previous aging research focused on switch costs in terms of mean RTs (with accuracy at ceiling). Our results
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Adverse childhood experiences and domain-specific cognitive function in a population-based study of older adults in rural South Africa. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Lindsay C Kobayashi,Meagan T Farrell,Collin F Payne,Sumaya Mall,Livia Montana,Ryan G Wagner,Kathleen Kahn,Stephen Tollman,Lisa F Berkman
Research on early life adversity and later-life cognitive function is conflicting, with little evidence from low-income settings. We investigated associations between adverse childhood experiences and cognitive function in an older population who grew up under racial segregation during South African apartheid. Data were from 1,871 adults aged 40-79 in the population-representative "Health and Ageing
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A diffusion model analysis of the effects of aging in the Flanker Task. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Mathieu Servant,Nathan J Evans
The diffusion decision model (DDM) has been used to investigate the effects of aging on information processing in simple response time (RT) tasks. These analyses have consistently shown that the age-related slowing of RTs can be accounted for by slower processing speed in sensorimotor systems and more cautious responding. However, previous DDM assessments of aging have ignored conflict tasks (e.g.
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20-year trajectories of health in midlife and old age: Contrasting the impact of personality and attitudes toward own aging. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Markus Wettstein,Hans-Werner Wahl,Jelena S Siebert
Personality traits affect health throughout adulthood. Recent research has demonstrated that attitudes toward own aging (ATOA) also play an important role in various health outcomes. To date, the role of personality versus ATOA for health has rarely been considered in parallel and contrasted for different periods of the second half of life, such as midlife versus early old age. We posit that with advancing
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The long arm of childhood intelligence on terminal decline: Evidence from the Lothian Birth Cohort 1921. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Dorina Cadar,Annie Robitaille,Alison Pattie,Ian J Deary,Graciela Muniz-Terrera
The current study investigates the heterogeneity of cognitive trajectories at the end of life by assigning individuals into groups according to their cognitive trajectories prior to death. It also examines the role of childhood intelligence and education on these trajectories and group membership. Participants were drawn from the Lothian Birth Cohort of 1921 (LBC1921), a longitudinal study of individuals
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Adult age differences in working memory capacity: Spared central storage but deficits in ability to maximize peripheral storage. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Nathaniel R Greene,Moshe Naveh-Benjamin,Nelson Cowan
For the first time, we quantify capacities of working memory in young and older adults in a dual-task situation, addressing whether older adults have diminished central or peripheral capacity in working memory. Across 2 experiments, 63 young and 63 old adult participants studied visual arrays of colored squares and sequences of unfamiliar tones in quick succession and were instructed to attend to one
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Novel information processing at work across time is associated with cognitive change in later life: A 14-year longitudinal study. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Ursula M Staudinger,Yan-Liang Yu,Bin Cheng
This study examined whether the degree of novel information processing at work (NPW) attenuates cognitive aging across 14 years for adults 50+ in the United States and how NPW links with job complexity. To answer these questions, we used data (N = 4,252) from the Health and Retirement Study. Detailed information on occupational characteristics from O*Net between 2000 and 2014 was used to assess NPW
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Trajectories of multiple subjective well-being facets across old age: The role of health and personality. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Sophie Potter,Johanna Drewelies,Jenny Wagner,Sandra Duezel,Annette Brose,Ilja Demuth,Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen,Ulman Lindenberger,Gert G Wagner,Denis Gerstorf
Subjective well-being is often characterized by average stability across old age, but individual differences are substantial and not yet fully understood. This study targets physical and cognitive health and personality as individual difference characteristics and examines their unique and interactive roles for level and change in a number of different facets of subjective well-being. We make use of
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Multilayered social dynamics and depression among older adults: A 10-year cross-lagged analysis. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-08-27 Reed Miller Reynolds,Jingbo Meng,Elizabeth Dorrance Hall
Depression in older adults is associated with decreased physical, cognitive, and social functioning, which in turn, are associated with increased mortality. Research has found that robust social networks can protect against depression, yet it is unclear whether the relationship between social ties and depression is reciprocal. Moreover, links between network connections at different social layers are
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Gaze patterns to emotional faces throughout the adult lifespan. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-08-20 Sarah A Grainger,Julie D Henry
Prior research indicates that there may be age-related differences in visual attention to emotional faces, and that this might contribute to older adults' difficulties perceiving emotional facial displays. However, the nature and magnitude of age differences in gaze patterns have been inconsistent. Study 1 therefore used meta-analytic methodology to quantify age effects in gazing to the eyes and mouths
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Age differences in the precision of memory at short and long delays. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-08-17 Stephen Rhodes,Emily E Abbene,Ashley M Meierhofer,Moshe Naveh-Benjamin
Age differences are well established for many memory tasks assessing both short-term and long-term memory. However, how age differences in performance vary with increasing delay between study and test is less clear. Here, we report two experiments in which participants studied a continuous sequence of object-location pairings. Test events were intermixed such that participants were asked to recall
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Does being active mean being purposeful in older adulthood? Examining the moderating role of retirement. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-08-13 Nathan A Lewis,Patrick L Hill
The degree to which individuals engage in leisure activities has been shown to predict well-being in older adults, but it is not known whether such activities may help older adults maintain purposefulness into retirement. The current study sought to address whether activity engagement is associated with purpose in life and whether this association differs based on retirement status. We used data from
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Subjective age and informant-rated cognition and function: A prospective study. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-08-13 Yannick Stephan,Angelina R Sutin,Martina Luchetti,Antonio Terracciano
The present study examined whether subjective age is related to informant-rated cognition. Participants were adults (N = 2,337, mean age = 69.84 years, SD = 7.45) from the Health and Retirement Study who provided subjective age and demographic factors in 2008/2010 and informant-rated cognition in 2016 as part of the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol. An older subjective age was associated with
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Age-dependent statistical learning trajectories reveal differences in information weighting. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-08-13 Steffen A Herff,Shanshan Zhen,Rongjun Yu,Kat R Agres
Statistical learning (SL) is the ability to generate predictions based on probabilistic dependencies in the environment, an ability that is present throughout life. The effect of aging on SL is still unclear. Here, we explore statistical learning in healthy adults (40 younger and 40 older). The novel paradigm tracks learning trajectories and shows age-related differences in overall performance, yet
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Age differences in vulnerability to distraction under arousal. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 Sara N Gallant,Kelly A Durbin,Mara Mather
Aging affects brain circuitry involved in both inhibition and arousal. In this study, we tested whether older adults are more or less prone to distraction from emotionally arousing events than young adults. To do so, we examined how arousing taboo distractor words affected concurrent 1-back task performance and subsequent memory for distractors. Our second goal was to examine how the arousal level
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The effect of motivational incentives on face-name hyper-binding in older adults. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 Liyana T Swirsky,Julia Spaniol
Hyper-binding refers to the spontaneous formation of target-distractor associations in older adults, with consequences for subsequent memory. While hyper-binding reflects a loss of attentional and mnemonic selectivity in aging, a growing literature suggests that motivational states modulate cognitive performance in both younger and older adults. In the current study, healthy younger and older adults
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Long-term maintenance of multiple task inhibition practice and transfer effects in older adults: A 3.5-year follow-up. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 Andrea Wilkinson,Lixia Yang
This study is a follow-up to our previous work (Wilkinson & Yang, 2016a), with an intention to examine the long-term maintenance of inhibition practice benefits and the associated near-near transfer effects over a 3.5-year period in older adults. Thirty-six participants from the original multiple task inhibition practice study (Wilkinson & Yang, 2016a), 18 from the practice and 18 from the control
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Age-related deficits in the congruency sequence effect are task-specific: An investigation of nine tasks. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 Alodie Rey-Mermet,Miriam Gade
In most attentional-control tasks, incongruent trials (i.e., trials with a conflict between two responses) are intermixed with congruent trials (i.e., trials without conflict). Typically, performance is slower and more error-prone on incongruent trials than on congruent trials. This congruency effect has been found to be smaller after incongruent trials than after congruent trials. This finding-labeled
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Tracking the dynamics of global and competitive inhibition in early and late adulthood: Evidence from the flanker task. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 Christopher D Erb,Dayna R Touron,Stuart Marcovitch
Inhibitory control is proposed to involve 2 dissociable processes that feature distinct types of inhibition: a threshold adjustment process involving the global inhibition of motor output and a controlled selection process involving competitive inhibition among coactive responses. Recent research with children and young adults indicates that the functioning of these processes can be targeted by measuring
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Accurate response selection and inhibition in healthy aging: An event-related potential study. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 Zsófia Kardos,Andrea Kóbor,Márk Molnár
Inhibitory control is thought to be critical for appropriate response selection in an ever-changing environment and to decline with age. However, experimental paradigms (e.g., go/no-go) confound stimulus frequency with demands to respond or inhibit responding. The present study eliminated that confound by using a modified go/no-go task controlling for stimulus frequency differences (using frequent-go
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Age-related delay in reduced accessibility of refreshed items. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 Julie A Higgins,Matthew R Johnson,Marcia K Johnson
Previously, we demonstrated that in young adults, briefly thinking of (i.e., refreshing) a just-seen word impairs immediate (100-ms delay) perceptual processing of the word, relative to words seen but not refreshed. We suggested that such reflective-induced inhibition biases attention toward new information. Here, we investigated whether reduced accessibility of refreshed targets dissipates with a
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The role of reminding in retroactive effects of memory for older and younger adults. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 Sydney M Garlitch,Christopher N Wahlheim
Retroactive interference refers to the impairing effects of new learning on earlier memories. The memory-for-change framework posits that being reminded of earlier information when learning new information can alleviate such retroactive interference and lead to facilitation. Such effects have been shown in younger adults, but the extent to which remindings play a role in retroactive effects of memory
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Immediate and long-term effects of emotional suppression in aging: A functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 Yuta Katsumi,Sanda Dolcos,Roger A Dixon,Monica Fabiani,Elizabeth A L Stine-Morrow,Florin Dolcos
Available evidence suggests enhanced spontaneous emotion regulation in healthy aging, but the effects of specific strategies and the associated age-related neural mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, younger and older participants rated the emotional content of negative and neutral images, after explicit instructions or implicit priming to engage emotional suppression as an emotion regulation
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The consequences of processing goal-irrelevant information during the Stroop task. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 Jessica Nicosia,David Balota
Recent evidence indicates that older adults' decreased ability to inhibit irrelevant information may lead to increased processing and greater memory for distractor information compared with younger adults. The present experiments examine the generality of this finding in a series of Stroop studies. In Experiment 1, participants studied a list of words then received a Stroop color naming task, with
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Creativity and aging: Positive consequences of distraction. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 Stephanie M Carpenter,Rebecca L Chae,Carolyn Yoon
Diminished inhibitory control in cognitive functioning renders people vulnerable to the effects of distracting information. Older adults' decreased ability to ignore information makes them especially susceptible to the disruptive effects of distraction. We show that in the domain of creativity, distraction can have beneficial consequences. In the first study, both younger and older adults generated
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Distraction by unintentional recognition: Neurocognitive mechanisms and effects of aging. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 John Allen,Robin Hellerstedt,Dinkar Sharma,Zara M Bergström
Sometimes, we intentionally evaluate stimuli to assess whether we recognize them, whereas, at other times, stimuli automatically elicit recognition despite our efforts to ignore them. If multiple stimuli are encountered in the same environment, intentional recognition judgments can be biased by unintentional recognition of to-be-ignored stimuli. Aging is associated with increased distractibility and
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Age-related differences in the impact of mind-wandering and visual distraction on performance in a go/no-go task. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 David Maillet,Lujia Yu,Lynn Hasher,Cheryl L Grady
Optimal performance in many tasks requires minimizing the impact of both visual distraction and mind-wandering. Yet, so far, these two types of distraction have been studied in isolation and it remains unclear whether they act in similar or dissociable ways across age groups. Here, we studied the impact of visual distraction and mind-wandering on performance in a go/no-go task in young and older adults
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Memory load, distracter interference, and dynamic adjustments in cognitive control influence working memory performance across the lifespan. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 Anthony P Zanesco,Joanna E Witkin,Alexandra B Morrison,Ekaterina Denkova,Amishi P Jha
Capacity-limited working memory (WM) systems have been known to degrade in older age. In line with inhibition-deficit theories of aging, WM deficits in older individuals have been attributed to failures in the ability to suppress the processing of task irrelevant, distracting information. Yet, other cognitive mechanisms underlying age-related WM deficits have been observed, including failures in WM
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Aging and inhibition: Introduction to the special issue. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-08-01 Karen L Campbell,Cindy Lustig,Lynn Hasher
Inhibitory theory suggests that a major determinant of individual differences in cognitive performance (including differences that are typically observed with increasing age) is the ability to dampen down goal-irrelevant stimuli, thoughts, and actions. While this theory has garnered a lot of support over the years, it has also seen several challenges. This special issue of Psychology and Aging entitled
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Implementation intentions and prospective memory function in late adulthood. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-07-30 Julie D Henry,Gill Terrett,Sarah A Grainger,Nathan S Rose,Matthias Kliegel,Melissa Bugge,Clare Ryrie,Peter G Rendell
Prospective memory (PM) is a critically important component of memory that often declines in late adulthood. Implementation intentions, an encoding strategy, consisting of an explicit if-then "I will . . ." statement, has been effectively used to enhance older adults' prospective memory function. However, it remains to be established whether forming a mental representation of carrying out the task
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Predictors of engagement in young and older adults: The role of specific activity experience. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-07-20 Thomas M Hess,Allura F Lothary,Erica L O'Brien,Claire M Growney,Jesse DeLaRosa
Activity that places demands on cognitive resources has positive effects on cognitive health in old age. To further understand determinants of age-group differences in participation, we examined how negative aging stereotypes and responses associated with a cognitively challenging activity influenced future willingness to engage in that activity. Sixty-nine young (20-40 years) and 80 older (63-84 years)
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Growing into retirement: Longitudinal evidence for the importance of partner support for self-expansion. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-07-13 Jennifer M Tomlinson,Brooke C Feeney,Brett J Peters
Retirement can be a turbulent time of life in which people must navigate changes in their identity from ending a career and beginning a new phase of life. However, retirement can also provide opportunities for growth or self-expansion. We examined the benefits of partner support for self-expansion by using longitudinal evidence (at 3 time points) in a sample of 73 couples. We tested a theoretical model
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Leveraging goals to incentivize healthful behaviors across adulthood. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-07-06 Sarah Raposo,Candice L Hogan,Jessica T Barnes,Teja Chemudupati,Laura L Carstensen
Despite abundant evidence for the benefits of physical activity on aging trajectories, older Americans remain largely inactive. The present study was designed to examine age differences in responsiveness to financial incentives to increase walking. Grounded in socioemotional selectivity theory, we examined the effectiveness of financial incentives that varied in prosociality. Three types of incentives
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Failure to stop autocorrect errors in reading aloud increases in aging especially with a positive biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-06-25 Tamar H Gollan,Denis S Smirnov,David P Salmon,Douglas Galasko
The present study examined the effects of aging and CSF biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) on the ability to control production of unexpected words in connected speech elicited by reading aloud. Fifty-two cognitively healthy participants aged 66-86 read aloud 6 paragraphs with 10 malapropisms including 5 on content words (e.g., "window cartons" that elicited autocorrect errors to "window curtains")
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Concurrent and enduring associations between married partners' shared beliefs and markers of aging. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-06-11 Shannon T Mejía,Hannah L Giasson,Jacqui Smith,Richard Gonzalez
Beliefs about aging are grounded in social experience. This study considered the extent to which married older adults' shared beliefs about aging and markers of aging maintain a concurrent and enduring association with their partners' beliefs about and markers of aging. Data from the 2010/2012 and 2014/2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study provided measures of husbands' and wives' (3,779 couples)
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Adjusting the lookout: Subjective health, loneliness, and life satisfaction predict future time perspective. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-06-04 Jörg Korff,Torsten Biemann
This article examines the effects of objective health, subjective health, loneliness, and life satisfaction as antecedents on individuals' future time perspective (FTP). Drawing on socioemotional selectivity theory and reflecting the mechanisms of resource-based models such as conservation of resources theory and selection, optimization, and compensation, we hypothesize that both the levels and changes
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Age differences in reactivity to daily general and Type 1 diabetes stressors. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-06-04 Cynthia A Berg,Vicki S Helgeson,Caitlin S Kelly,Eunjin Lee Tracy,Michelle L Litchman,Jonathan E Butner
Older adults often report less exposure to and less affective reactions to daily stressors. However, older adults with a chronic illness such as Type 1 diabetes may experience more daily stressors due to the complications of diabetes and may be more affected by those stressors. The study examined (a) age differences in reported exposure to general and diabetes stressors, (b) whether daily general and
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Emotional approach coping in older adults as predictor of physical and mental health. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 Michael A Hoyt,Ashley Wei-Ting Wang,Ian A Boggero,Tory A Eisenlohr-Moul,Annette L Stanton,Suzanne C Segerstrom
Emotional approach coping involves active attempts at emotional expression and processing in response to stressful circumstances. This study tested whether dispositional emotional approach coping processes predict changes in physical and mental health in community-dwelling older adults, particularly within the context of higher perceived stress. To test this, older adults (N = 150) completed assessments
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Effects of age on American Sign Language sentence repetition. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 David P Corina,Lucinda Farnady,Todd LaMarr,Svenna Pedersen,Laurel Lawyer,Kurt Winsler,Gregory Hickok,Ursula Bellugi
The study of deaf users of signed languages, who often experience delays in primary language (L1) acquisition, permits a unique opportunity to examine the effects of aging on the processing of an L1 acquired under delayed or protracted development. A cohort of 107 congenitally deaf adult signers ages 45-85 years who were exposed to American Sign Language (ASL) either in infancy, early childhood, or
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(Only) time can tell: Age differences in false memory are magnified at longer delays. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 Yana Fandakova,Markus Werkle-Bergner,Myriam C Sander
Older adults often report memories of past events that are partly false. To date, age differences in memory errors have primarily been examined after a delay of minutes to hours. However, in real-life situations we rely on memories formed days to weeks in the past. We examined associative memory for unrelated scene-word pairs in younger and older adults after 24 hr and 8 days. Age differences in memory
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Lexical frequency affects functional activation and accuracy in picture naming among older and younger adults. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 Victoria H Gertel,Hossein Karimi,Nancy A Dennis,Kristina A Neely,Michele T Diaz
As individuals age, they experience increased difficulties producing speech, especially with infrequent words. Older adults report that word retrieval difficulties frequently occur and are highly frustrating. However, little is known about how age affects the neural basis of language production. Moreover, age-related increases in brain activation are often observed, yet there is disagreement about
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The impact of age on the temporal compression of daily life events in episodic memory. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 Adrien Folville,Olivier Jeunehomme,Christine Bastin,Arnaud D'Argembeau
While age differences in episodic memory are well documented, the impact of age on the structure of memories for real-world events has not been investigated in detail. Recent research has shown that the continuous flow of information that constitutes daily life events is compressed in episodic memory, such that the time needed to mentally replay an event is shorter than the actual event duration. To
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Remembering proper names as a potential exception to the better-than-average effect in younger and older adults. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 Mary B Hargis,Mary C Whatley,Alan D Castel
People see themselves as better than average in many domains, from leadership skills to driving ability. However, many people-especially older adults-struggle to remember others' names, and many of us are aware of this struggle. Our beliefs about our memory for names may be different from other information; perhaps forgetting names is particularly salient. We asked younger and older adults to rate
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Dehydration predicts longitudinal decline in cognitive functioning and well-being among older adults. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 Konstantinos Mantantzis,Johanna Drewelies,Sandra Duezel,Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen,Ilja Demuth,Gert G Wagner,Ulman Lindenberger,Denis Gerstorf
Adequate hydration is essential for health, with even mild forms of dehydration often having negative effects on cognition and well-being. Despite evidence of higher risk for dehydration among older adults, links between dehydration and cognitive or well-being outcomes have not been established in old age. In this study, we used longitudinal data from the Berlin Aging Study II (age range 60-89) to
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Age-related differences in flashbulb memories: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 Sarah J Kopp,Laura E Sockol,Kristi S Multhaup
Recent meta-analyses reveal age-related declines in short-term memory (STM), working memory, associative memory, prospective memory, face memory, recognition, and recall. The present meta-analyses extend this work beyond predominantly laboratory-based tasks to a naturalistic phenomenon. Flashbulb memories are vivid autobiographical recollections for the circumstances in which one learns of a distinct
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Cholesterol and cognitive aging: Between-person and within-person associations in a population-based representative sample not on lipid-lowering medication. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 Valgeir Thorvaldsson,Ingmar Skoog,Boo Johansson
Previous studies suggest that cholesterol metabolic dysregulation, characterized by abnormally low or high serum total cholesterol (TC) values, constitutes a risk for pronounced cognitive decline in old age. We tested this prediction using a population-based representative Swedish sample (N = 382), born in 1901-1902, and subsequently assessed on TC and 3 cognitive outcomes (verbal ability, spatial
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Age-related decline in visual working memory: The effect of nontarget objects during a delayed estimation task. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 A Caglar Tas,Matthew C Costello,Aaron T Buss
Visual working memory (VWM) is an essential aspect of cognitive functioning that becomes compromised in older adults. A canonical probe of VWM is the change detection task in which participants compare a visually presented stimulus with items being maintained in VWM. Older adults show a decreased ability to detect changes between a stimulus and the contents of VWM compared with younger adults. Previously
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Decision-making competence in older adults: A rosy view from a longitudinal investigation. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 Fabio Del Missier,Patrik Hansson,Andrew M Parker,Wändi Bruine de Bruin,Timo Mäntylä
Cross-sectional studies have suggested age-related differences in decision-making competence, but these differences may also reflect cohort-related effects. We present a longitudinal study of age-related changes over 5 years in older adults (aged 60-85) for 3 important aspects of decision-making competence: resistance to framing, applying decision rules, and resistance to sunk costs. The findings show
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Daily interpersonal tensions and well-being among older adults: The role of emotion regulation strategies. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 Kira S Birditt,Courtney A Polenick,Gloria Luong,Susan T Charles,Karen L Fingerman
Interpersonal tensions are more strongly associated with well-being than other types of stressors in late life. Yet, there is little understanding of how older adults' preferences for different emotion regulation strategies may buffer or exacerbate effects of daily interpersonal tensions on emotional well-being. The present study examined links between interpersonal tensions and daily emotional well-being
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Collaborative inhibition in same-age and mixed-age dyads. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-05-14 Summer R Whillock,Michelle L Meade,Keith A Hutchison,Megan D Tsosie
This study examined the influence of same-age and mixed-age dyads on the collaborative inhibition effect (reduced recall in collaborative groups compared to the combined recall of the same number people who recall individually). Younger (age 18-25) and older (age 65+) adults recalled categorized word lists alone or in collaboration with a same-age or a different-age partner. On an initial recall test
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The use of automated procedures by older adults with high arithmetic skills during addition problem solving. Psychology and Aging (IF 2.107) Pub Date : 2020-05-01 Catherine Thevenot, Jasinta Dewi, Jeanne Bagnoud, Pauline Wolfer, Michel Fayol, Caroline Castel
In contrast to other cognitive abilities, arithmetic skills are known to be preserved in healthy elderly adults. In fact, they would even outperform young adults because they more often retrieve arithmetic facts from long-term memory. Nevertheless, we suggest here that the superiority of older over younger adults could also stem from the use of more efficient automated and unconscious counting procedures
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