-
Knowledge of wealth shapes social impressions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2020-09-17 Amar Sarkar,Dhruv Nithyanand,Francesco Sella,Radha Sarkar,Ilari Mäkelä,Roi Cohen Kadosh,Andrew J Elliot,Jacqueline M Thompson
Seven experiments conducted in India and the United States (N ∼7,000; 5 preregistered) examined the effects of wealth on warmth and competence, 2 fundamental dimensions of social impressions. Wealth causally influenced perceptions of a target's competence: high wealth increased perceived competence and low wealth decreased perceived competence (Experiments 1-3). Furthermore, both high and low wealth
-
Investigating the role of added versus subtracted ingredients in counterinferencing and preference formation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2020-09-17 Plamen P Peev,Piyush Kumar
This article investigates the differential impact of promoting added versus subtracted ingredients in products on consumer response. It proposes a new counterinferencing process that leads to a subtracted ingredient effect such that the promotion of a subtracted relative to an added ingredient results in a more favorable response. It also suggests that the regulatory orientation cued by the host product's
-
Moving-horizon versus moving-aircraft: Effectiveness of competing attitude indicator formats on recoveries from discrete and continuous attitude changes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 Simon Müller,Christian Korff,Dietrich Manzey
The present research revisits the old issue whether attitude information is best conveyed to pilots in a moving-horizon format or in a moving-aircraft format. Previous research has suggested that the moving-aircraft format might not be beneficial for flight path tracking but recoveries from unusual attitudes, although the result are not fully consistent. A limitation of studies to date is that the
-
People adapt more slowly to social income changes than to temporal income changes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 Xilin Li,Christopher K Hsee,Li Wang
People hedonically adapt to most changes, but they adapt more slowly to some changes than to others. This research examines hedonic adaptation to income changes, and asks whether people adapt more slowly to social or temporal income changes. Four experiments, manipulating the actual pay rate of online workers, find that people adapt more slowly to social income changes (e.g., a decrease in others'
-
Spearcon compression levels influence the gap in comprehension between untrained and trained listeners. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 Monika Srbinovska,Isaac S Salisbury,Robert G Loeb,Penelope M Sanderson
Auditory alarms in hospitals are ambiguous and do not provide enough information to support doctors and nurses' awareness of patient events. A potential alternative is the use of short segments of time-compressed speech, or spearcons. However, sometimes it might be desirable for patients to understand spearcons and sometimes not. We used reverse hierarchy theory to hypothesize that there will be a
-
Elevated stress impairs the accuracy of eyewitness memory but not the confidence-accuracy relationship. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2020-07-30 Kathy Pezdek,Erica Abed,Anne Cormia
Although numerous studies have identified factors that affect eyewitness identification accuracy, recent studies report that many of these factors do not affect the accuracy of high-confidence identifications. This is critical because legal cases are more likely to be prosecuted if they involve high-confidence eyewitnesses. Using a confidence-accuracy characteristic (CAC) analysis, we explored whether
-
Effects of process and outcome accountability on escalating commitment: A two-study replication. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2020-07-13 Stefan Schulz-Hardt,Johannes Rollwage,Stella K Wanzel,Johanna U Frisch,Jan Alexander Häusser
Escalating commitment describes the phenomenon that decision makers may become stuck in losing courses of action, throwing good money after bad. In a seminal study, testing interventions against escalating commitment, Simonson and Staw (1992) found that holding decision makers accountable for the decision process (i.e., the decision strategies they use) decreases escalating commitment, whereas accountability
-
How heuristic credibility cues affect credibility judgments and decisions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2020-07-13 Leo Gugerty,Drew M Link
We investigated how heuristic credibility cues affected credibility judgments and decisions. Participants saw advice in comments in a simulated online health forum. Each comment was accompanied by credibility cues, including author expertise and peer reputation ratings (by forum members) of comments and authors. In Experiment 1, participants' credibility judgments of comments and authors increased
-
Evaluating experts may serve psychological needs: Self-esteem, bias blind spot, and processing fluency explain confirmation effect in assessing financial advisors' authority. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2020-06-29 Tomasz Zaleskiewicz,Agata Gasiorowska
When making financial decisions, people often use recommendations from professional advisors. However, before doing so, they must first recognize whether the experts to whom they turn for advice are competent and trustworthy. In the present article, we show that decision-makers ascribe greater authority to those financial advisors whose recommendations confirm their own opinions. We document that this
-
Employability in autism spectrum disorder (ASD): Job candidate's diagnostic disclosure and asd characteristics and employer's ASD knowledge and social desirability. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2020-06-29 Camilla M McMahon,Stacey Henry,Meghan Linthicum
Participants assessed the employability of vignette characters whose presentation varied across two dimensions during a job interview: presence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) characteristics (present, absent) and disclosure of diagnosis (ASD, ADHD, diabetes, or no disclosure). Participants more knowledgeable about ASD had more positive perceptions of vignette characters, particularly when they disclosed
-
The future is now: Age-progressed images motivate community college students to prepare for their financial futures. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2020-06-29 Tamara Sims,Sarah Raposo,Jeremy N Bailenson,Laura L Carstensen
Part of the challenge young people face when preparing for lifelong financial security is visualizing the far-off future. Age-progression technology has been shown to motivate young people to save for retirement. The current study applied age progression for motivating socioeconomically diverse community college students as part of a college planning course. We recruited 106 students enrolled in a
-
In self-defense: Reappraisal buffers the negative impact of low procedural fairness on performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2020-06-25 Marius van Dijke,Niels Van Quaquebeke,Joel Brockner
Contrary to an often-found result in the organizational justice literature, we suggest that there may be circumstances under which organization members will not perform poorly in response to being on the receiving end of low procedural fairness. To explain the theoretical mechanism, we integrate the group engagement model of justice with the emotion regulation perspective. Specifically, we argue that
-
Prequestions enhance learning, but only when they are remembered. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2020-06-18 Kyle J St Hilaire,Shana K Carpenter
Answering prequestions benefits learning, but this benefit is mostly specific to material that was relevant to the prequestions (prequestioned material) and does not extend to other, nonprequestioned material. The current study examined whether this specific benefit is due to selective processing of prequestioned information during a learning experience. In 4 experiments, participants were assigned
-
Do working memory capacity and test anxiety modulate the beneficial effects of testing on new learning? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2020-06-04 Chunliang Yang,Bukuan Sun,Rosalind Potts,Rongjun Yu,Liang Luo,David R Shanks
Although testing has repeatedly been shown to be one of the most effective strategies for consolidating retention of studied information (the backward testing effect) and facilitating mastery of new information (the forward testing effect), few studies have explored individual differences in the beneficial effects of testing. The current study recruited a large sample (1,032 participants) to explore
-
Consumer debt and satisfaction in life. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2020-05-21 Adam Eric Greenberg,Cassie Mogilner
Life's major purchases, such as buying a home or going to college, often involve taking on considerable debt. What are the downstream emotional consequences? Does carrying debt influence consumers' general sense of satisfaction in life? Seven studies examine the relationship between consumers' debt holdings and life satisfaction, showing that the effect depends on the type of debt. Though mortgages
-
Worse in real life: An eye-tracking examination of the cost of CAD at low prevalence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2020-05-07 Trafton Drew,James Guthrie,Isabel Reback
Computer-aided detection (CAD) is applied during screening mammography for millions of women each year. Despite its popularity, several large studies have observed no benefit in breast cancer detection for practices that use CAD. This lack of benefit may be driven by how CAD information is conveyed to the radiologist. In the current study, we examined this possibility in an artificial task modeled
-
An evidence accumulation model of perceptual discrimination with naturalistic stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2020-05-07 Hector Palada,Rachel A Searston,Annabel Persson,Timothy Ballard,Matthew B Thompson
Evidence accumulation models have been used to describe the cognitive processes underlying performance in tasks involving 2-choice decisions about unidimensional stimuli, such as motion or orientation. Given the multidimensionality of natural stimuli, however, we might expect qualitatively different patterns of evidence accumulation in more applied perceptual tasks. One domain that relies heavily on
-
Seeing isn't necessarily believing: Misleading contextual information influences perceptual-cognitive bias in radiologists. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2020-04-23 Bradley Fawver,Joseph L Thomas,Trafton Drew,Megan K Mills,William F Auffermann,Keith R Lohse,A Mark Williams
A substantial number of medical errors in radiology are attributed to failures of perception or decision making, although it is believed that experience (or expertise) might buffer diagnosticians from some types of perceptual-cognitive bias. We examined how the quality of contextual information influences decision making and how underlying perceptual-cognitive processes change as a function of experience
-
Individual differences predict low prevalence visual search performance and sources of errors: An eye-tracking study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2020-04-20 Chad Peltier,Mark W Becker
Targets in real-world visual search tasks, such as baggage screening, may appear on as few as 2% of searches (Hofer & Schwaninger, 2005). Rare targets are missed more frequently than common targets, a phenomenon known as the low prevalence effect. Given the importance of rare target detection, researchers have sought to increase performance through technological improvements, experimental manipulations
-
Action bias in the public's clinically inappropriate expectations for antibiotics. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2020-04-09 Alistair Thorpe,Miroslav Sirota,Marie Juanchich,Sheina Orbell
Clinical guidelines recommend that physicians educate patients about illnesses and antibiotics to eliminate inappropriate preferences for antibiotics. We expected that information provision about illnesses and antibiotics would reduce but not eliminate inappropriate preferences for antibiotics and that cognitive biases could explain why some people resist the effect of information provision. In 2 experiments
-
Forensic feature-comparison expertise: Statistical learning facilitates visual comparison performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2020-03-09 Bethany Growns,Kristy A Martire
Forensic feature-comparison examiners in select disciplines are more accurate than novices when comparing samples of visual evidence. This article examines a key cognitive mechanism that may contribute to this superior visual comparison performance: the ability to learn how often stimuli occur in the environment (distributional statistical learning). We examined the relationship between distributional
-
The synchronization of collective beliefs: From dyadic interactions to network convergence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2020-01-30 Madalina Vlasceanu,Michael J Morais,Ajua Duker,Alin Coman
Systems of beliefs organized around religion, politics, and health constitute the building blocks of human communities. One central feature of these collectively held beliefs is their dynamic nature. Here, we study the dynamics of belief endorsement in lab-created 12-member networks using a 2-phase communication model. Individuals first evaluate the believability of a set of beliefs, after which, in
-
The effectiveness of refutation texts to correct misconceptions among educators. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2020-01-23 Marta Ferrero,Tom E Hardwicke,Emmanouil Konstantinidis,Miguel A Vadillo
Teachers around the world hold a considerable number of misconceptions about education. Consequently, schools can become epicenters for dubious practices that might jeopardize the quality of teaching and negatively influence students' wellbeing. The main objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of refutation texts in the correction of erroneous ideas among in-service teachers. The results
-
Spatial cognitive implications of teleporting through virtual environments. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2020-01-20 Lucia A Cherep,Alex F Lim,Jonathan W Kelly,Devi Acharya,Alfredo Velasco,Emanuel Bustamante,Alec G Ostrander,Stephen B Gilbert
Teleporting is a popular interface to allow virtual reality users to explore environments that are larger than the available walking space. When teleporting, the user positions a marker in the virtual environment and is instantly transported without any self-motion cues. Five experiments were designed to evaluate the spatial cognitive consequences of teleporting and to identify environmental cues that
-
The effect of drawing and socioeconomic status on children's reports of a past experience. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2020-01-09 Emma Gardner,Julien Gross,Harlene Hayne
When children are interviewed about a prior experience using open-ended questions, the opportunity to draw increases the amount of information they report without decreasing their accuracy. Given that prior research has only included children from middle- to upper-middle class backgrounds, it is not clear whether the technique is effective for children from more challenging backgrounds that are overrepresented
-
Unobserved altruism: How self-signaling motivations and social benefits shape willingness to donate. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2020-01-09 Jennifer Savary,Kelly Goldsmith
Public recognition is usually thought to motivate charitable giving. However, the current research identifies an important context in which the opposite occurs. We examine commonplace donation decisions involving modest amounts of money, which either take place in private, or are observed by others. We find robust evidence that public recognition can decrease donation likelihood. Furthermore, we demonstrate
-
Constructing identifiable composite faces: The importance of cognitive alignment of interview and construction procedure. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-11-25 Faye C Skelton,Charlie D Frowd,Peter J B Hancock,Helen S Jones,Benedict C Jones,Cristina Fodarella,Kirsty Battersby,Karen Logan
We investigated the impact of congruency between the witness interview and method used to construct a composite face. Experiment 1, using a typical feature-by-feature composite method, revealed that aligning cognitive processes during interview and face construction enhanced the effectiveness of composites compared with composites produced following unaligned (incongruent) procedures. Experiment 2
-
From bartending interruptions to medication delivery interruptions: Managing the risks of a high-fidelity simulation study with pilot research. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-11-25 Chiara M Santomauro,Penelope M Sanderson
In this paper we describe the risks of complex applied research, especially in work domains where professional practitioners are scarce. For such research, careful preparation and piloting is needed, especially when estimating sample size is required for a full study. However, such pilot work may reduce the potential sample size for the full study. We describe how the these issues have been addressed
-
Reevaluating the role of verbalization of faces for composite production: Descriptions of offenders matter! Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-11-21 Charity Brown,Emma Portch,Laura Nelson,Charlie D Frowd
Standard forensic practice necessitates that a witness describes an offender's face prior to constructing a visual likeness, a facial composite. However, describing a face can interfere with face recognition, although a delay between description and recognition theoretically should alleviate this issue. In Experiment 1, participants produced a free recall description either 3-4 hr or 2 days after intentionally
-
The red-derogation effect: How the color red affects married women's ratings of male attractiveness. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-11-21 Nicolas Pontes,JoAndrea Hoegg
The present research addresses the question of how the color red affects married women's evaluations of male attractiveness. Three studies demonstrate a red-derogation effect for married women's judgments such that men are perceived to be less attractive and less sexually desirable when their profiles are displayed on a red versus a white background. We show that married (vs. single) women perceive
-
Mind the (information) gap: Strategic nondisclosure by marketers and interventions to increase consumer deliberation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-11-21 Sunita Sah,Daniel Read
Marketers have a choice of what to tell consumers and consumers must consider what they are told or not told. Across 6 experiments, we show that consumers fail to differentiate between deliberate and nondeliberate missing information (strategic naiveté) and make generous inferences when they do notice missing information is deliberately withheld (charitability). We also show how marketers can take
-
Exploring the role of alignability effects in promoting uptake of energy-efficient technologies. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-11-14 Rebecca J Hafner,David Elmes,Daniel Read
The current research applies decision-making theory to the problem of increasing uptake of energy-efficient technologies, where uptake is currently slower than one might predict following rational choice models. We explore the role of alignability effects on consumers' preference for standard versus energy-efficient technologies. Previous research has found that attentional weight given to alignable
-
The surplus identification task and limits to multiattribute consumer choice. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-11-07 Peter D Lunn,Marek Bohacek,Féidhlim P McGowan,Áine Ní Choisdealbha
We introduce and demonstrate a novel experimental method for investigating the accuracy of consumer decision making. The Surplus Identification (S-ID) task exploits techniques from detection theory. Experimental control over surpluses is established by incentivizing participants to adopt a predetermined, objectively defined preference function. Surplus is then manipulated across multiple forced-choice
-
ENHANCE: Evidence for the efficacy of a comprehensive intervention program to promote subjective well-being. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-10-28 Samantha J Heintzelman,Kostadin Kushlev,Lesley D Lutes,Derrick Wirtz,Jacqueline M Kanippayoor,Damian Leitner,Shigehiro Oishi,Ed Diener
Building from the growing empirical science of happiness, or subjective well-being (SWB), we have developed a 12-week comprehensive intervention program-Enduring Happiness and Continued Self-Enhancement (ENHANCE)-to increase SWB and enable a thorough examination of the mechanistic processes of program content and administrative structure for SWB change over time. In a randomized controlled trial, participants
-
Overload and automation-dependence in a multi-UAS simulation: Task demand and individual difference factors. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-10-17 Jinchao Lin,Gerald Matthews,Ryan W Wohleber,Gregory J Funke,Gloria L Calhoun,Heath A Ruff,James Szalma,Peter Chiu
Future unmanned aerial systems (UAS) operations will require control of multiple vehicles. Operators are vulnerable to cognitive overload, despite support from system automation. This study tested whether attentional resource theory predicts impacts of cognitive demands on performance measures, including automation-dependence and stress. It also investigated individual differences in response to demands
-
Scientific risk reporting in medical journals can bias expert judgment: Comparing surgeons' risk comprehension across reporting formats. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-10-14 Rocio Garcia-Retamero,Dafina Petrova,Edward T Cokely,Alexander Joeris
A recent systematic search of orthopedic surgery literature suggests that scientific risk reporting often deviates from best practices in specific ways (Petrova, Joeris, Sanchez, Salamanca-Fernandez, & Garcia-Retamero, 2018). These deviations could cause dangerous biases in health professionals' risk interpretations and risk communication practices. To investigate potential vulnerabilities, we conducted
-
Duluth versus cognitive behavioral therapy: A natural field experiment on intimate partner violence diversion programs. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-10-10 Chad Cotti,Joshua Foster,M Ryan Haley,Shannon L Rawski
We used data from a 3-year natural field experiment to study rates of recidivism in 2 types of diversion programs designed to reduce intimate partner violence (IPV) among heterosexual partners. In one program (Duluth), efforts are focused on protecting women from male aggression through a psychoeducational program, regardless of the offender's sex. In the other program (cognitive behavioral therapy
-
Roles affect individuals' preferences for organizations: A values perspective. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-09-26 Sharon Arieli,Fiona Lee,Lilach Sagiv
People are guided by the roles they assume in their everyday lives. Roles are cognitive schemas that are associated with specific goals and expectations that organize and guide individuals' perception and preferences. The social roles individuals assume affect their goals, which in turn affect their point of view and preferences. We propose and show that role schemas are malleable, allowing individuals
-
Imagining a false alibi impairs concealed memory detection with the autobiographical Implicit Association Test. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-09-26 Phot Dhammapeera,Xiaoqing Hu,Zara M Bergström
Imagining counterfactual versions of past events can distort memory. In 3 experiments, we examined whether imagining a false alibi for a mock crime would make suspects appear less guilty in a concealed memory detection test, the autobiographical Implicit Association Test (aIAT), which aims to determine which of 2 autobiographical events are true. First, "guilty" participants completed a mock crime
-
The powerful influence of marks: Visual and knowledge-driven processing in hurricane track displays. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-09-26 Lace M K Padilla,Sarah H Creem-Regehr,William Thompson
Given the widespread use of visualizations to communicate hazard risks, forecast visualizations must be as effective to interpret as possible. However, despite incorporating best practices, visualizations can influence viewer judgments in ways that the designers did not anticipate. Visualization designers should understand the full implications of visualization techniques and seek to develop visualizations
-
Using abstractness to confront challenges: How the abstract construal level increases people's willingness to perform desirable but demanding actions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-09-19 Pilar Carrera,Itziar Fernández,Dolores Muñoz,Amparo Caballero
Previous research has shown that while considering future behavioral intentions, desirability is more salient in making decisions in an abstract mindset than in a concrete one. Based on this premise, we test whether behavioral intentions to engage in desirable but difficult actions are more likely in an abstract mindset than a concrete mindset. We experimentally manipulated (Studies 1 through 4 using
-
The benefit to speech intelligibility of hearing a familiar voice. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-09-16 Ysabel Domingo,Emma Holmes,Ingrid S Johnsrude
Previous experience with a voice can help listeners understand speech when a competing talker is present. Using the coordinate-response measure task (Bolia, Nelson, Ericson, & Simpson, 2000), Johnsrude et al. (2013) demonstrated that speech is more intelligible when either the target or competing (masking) talker is a long-term spouse than when both talkers are unfamiliar (termed familiar-target and
-
Effects of specific-level versus broad-level training for broad-level category learning in a complex natural science domain. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-09-09 Toshiya Miyatsu,Robert M Nosofsky,Mark A McDaniel
Category learning is a core component of course curricula in science education. For instance, geology courses teach categorization of rock types. Using the educationally authentic rock categories, the current project examined whether category learning at a broad-level (BL; igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks) could be enhanced by learning category information at a more specific-level (SL; e
-
Having a phone conversation delays but does not disrupt cognitive mechanisms. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-08-29 Daniel O A Gunnell,Melina A Kunar,Derrick G Watson
Previous research has shown that talking on a mobile phone leads to impairments in a number of cognitive tasks. However, it is not yet known whether the act of conversation disrupts the underlying cognitive mechanisms (the Cognitive Disruption hypothesis) or leads to a delay in response due to a limit on central cognitive resources (the Cognitive Delay hypothesis). We investigated this here using two
-
Temporal discounting of tornado shelter-seeking intentions amidst standard and impact-based weather alerts: A crowdsourced experiment. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-08-26 Brett W Gelino,Derek D Reed
Tornadoes are atmospheric events capable of massive devastation, involving physical destruction and human casualties. Following the 2011 Joplin, MO tornado that claimed the lives of nearly 160 people, the National Weather Service and National Institute of Standards and Technology concluded that better warning systems would have saved lives. This conclusion prompted the creation of impact-based warning
-
Effects of motorcycle simulator configurations on steering control and gaze behavior in bends. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-08-19 Régis Lobjois,Franck Mars
The recent development of motorcycle simulators has made it possible to study rider behavior in safe conditions. However, their use still raises validity issues. Our study examined how riders' steering and gaze behaviors and subjective experience are influenced by motorcycle roll tilt and reverse steering, which are considered to be essential factors in real-life motorcycle riding. The results revealed
-
Searching for meaning in sound: Learning and interpreting alarm signals in visual environments. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-07-08 Sinè McDougall,Judy Edworthy,Deili Sinimeri,Jamie Goodliffe,Daniel Bradley,James Foster
Given the ease with which the diverse array of environmental sounds can be understood, the difficulties encountered in using auditory alarm signals on medical devices are surprising. In two experiments, with nonclinical participants, alarm sets which relied on similarities to environmental sounds (concrete alarms, such as a heartbeat sound to indicate "check cardiovascular function") were compared
-
Caveats in science-based news stories communicate caution without lowering interest. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-06-27 Lewis Bott,Luke Bratton,Bianca Diaconu,Rachel C Adams,Aimeé Challenger,Jacky Boivin,Andrew Williams,Petroc Sumner
Science stories in the media are strongly linked to changes in health-related behavior. Science writers (including journalists, press officers, and researchers) must therefore frame their stories to communicate scientific caution without disrupting coherence and disengaging the reader. In this study we investigate whether caveats ("Further research is needed to validate the results") satisfy this dual
-
Wayfinding and acquisition of spatial knowledge with navigation assistance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-06-27 Stefan Münzer,Lucas Lörch,Julia Frankenstein
Integrated visualizations for assisted navigation were investigated that support both wayfinding and spatial learning. Participants navigated a predefined route with assistance through a virtual environment, visiting five target locations. Wayfinding accuracy was assessed. After wayfinding, self-to-object knowledge was measured with pointing tasks, and object-to-object knowledge was measured with an
-
When to explain why or how it happened: Tailoring accounts to fit observers' construal level. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-06-27 Ashli B Carter,D Ramona Bobocel,Joel Brockner
The justice literature suggests that providing accounts for negative organizational decisions can enhance observers' perceptions of fairness and positive views of the organization. However, prior research has yet to distinguish between why- and how-information contained within accounts. Drawing from construal level theory, we test whether accounts focusing on why a negative workplace decision occurred
-
Beyond the pretesting effect: What happens to the information that is not pretested? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-06-06 Kelsey K James,Benjamin C Storm
Taking a test before learning can enhance the long-term retention of the information that was tested, a phenomenon known as the pretesting effect. In the present research, we explored the consequences of pretesting on memory not only for the pretested information but also for nonpretested information. Across 5 experiments and various manipulations (the number of pretest questions, the relationship
-
To explain or not: How process explanations impact assessments of predictors. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-06-06 Daniel Villanova,Elise Chandon Ince,Rajesh Bagchi
When presenting their predictions, predictors may also provide varying levels of information regarding how they arrived at their predictions. However, it is unclear what role these explanations play in the resulting evaluations of the predictors. In 3 experiments, the authors demonstrate that when a predictor provides a brief explanation, individuals evaluate the predictor less positively than when
-
Effects of lecture fluency and instructor experience on students' judgments of learning, test scores, and evaluations of instructors. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-06-06 Shana K Carpenter,Paige E Northern,Sarah Uma Tauber,Alexander R Toftness
Students' judgments of learning (JOLs) are often driven by cues that are not diagnostic of actual learning. One powerful cue that can mislead JOLs is lecture fluency-the degree to which an instructor delivers a smooth, confident, and well-polished lecture. Lecture fluency often inflates JOLs, but has no effect on actual learning. The limited research so far, however, has not systematically explored
-
"Individual differences in search and monitoring for color targets in dynamic visual displays": Correction to Muhl-Richardson et al. (2018). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-06-01
Reports an error in "Individual differences in search and monitoring for color targets in dynamic visual displays" by Alex Muhl-Richardson, Hayward J. Godwin, Matthew Garner, Julie A. Hadwin, Simon P. Liversedge and Nick Donnelly (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 2018[Dec], Vol 24[4], 564-577). In the article, there was a formatting error in table 2 on page 573. The corrected table is presented
-
On the naturalistic relationship between mood and entertainment choice. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-05-23 Hal E Hershfield,Adam L Alter
People are sensitive to economic conditions, buying more during booms and less during recessions. Across seven studies, the present research examines whether the nature of their purchases also changes as diffuse, prevailing mood states shift from positive during boom periods to negative during recession periods. Existing research shows that people primarily strive to improve negative moods, whereas
-
Do publications in low-impact journals help or hurt a CV? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-05-20 Kristin Donnelly,Craig R M McKenzie,Johannes Müller-Trede
Using psychology professors as participants, the present study investigates how publications in low-impact psychology journals affect evaluations of a hypothetical tenure-track psychology job applicant. Are "weak" publications treated as evidence for or against a candidate's ability? Two experiments revealed that an applicant was rated as stronger when several weak publications were added to several
-
Designing police lineups to maximize memory performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-05-16 Travis M Seale-Carlisle,Stacy A Wetmore,Heather D Flowe,Laura Mickes
How can lineups be designed to elicit the best achievable memory performance? One step toward that goal is to compare lineup procedures. In a recent comparison of U.S. and U.K. lineup procedures, discriminability and reliability was better when memory was tested using the U.S. procedure. However, because there are so many differences between the procedures, it is unclear what explains this superior
-
Mathematics is practice or argumentation: Mindset priming impacts principle- and procedure-orientation of teachers' explanations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-05-09 Mona Weinhuber,Andreas Lachner,Timo Leuders,Matthias Nückles
In this article we introduce the notion of mindset as a situationally contingent perspective on teaching mathematics. Mindsets create a readiness to act intellectually in a particular manner. We propose that mindsets can explain teachers' inclination to adopt a procedure-oriented approach to teaching mathematics that is prevailing in many classrooms. To investigate the mindset hypothesis, we conducted
-
The testing effect under divided attention: Educational application. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-05-09 Zachary L Buchin,Neil W Mulligan
In educational settings, tests are typically used to assess learning. However, research has also shown that tests can enhance retention, often to a greater degree than restudying (i.e., the testing effect). Understanding how these encoding effects of retrieval differ from other forms of encoding is important for applications of the testing effect. One potential difference relates to attention: Divided
-
The influence of ambient scent temperature on food consumption behavior. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied (IF 2.431) Pub Date : 2019-04-29 Sarah Lefebvre,Dipayan Biswas
This research examines the impact of ambient odor on food consumption. The results of a field experiment and 5 lab experiments show that the presence of a warm ambient odor (e.g., cedarwood) versus a cool ambient odor (e.g., eucalyptus) reduces the amount of calories consumed and also leads to increased choice of lower-calorie food options. This is attributable to established implicit associations
Contents have been reproduced by permission of the publishers.