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Refixation patterns of mind-wandering during real-world scene perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-09-24 Han Zhang,Nicola C Anderson,Kevin F Miller
Recent studies have shown that mind-wandering (MW) is associated with changes in eye movement parameters, but have not explored how MW affects the sequential pattern of eye movements involved in making sense of complex visual information. Eye movements naturally unfold over time and this process may reveal novel information about cognitive processing during MW. The current study used Recurrence Quantification
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Sequential effects in facial attractiveness judgments using cross-classified models: Investigating perceptual and response biases. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-09-24 Robin S S Kramer,Alex L Jones
When evaluating items in a sequence, the current judgment is influenced by the previous item and decision. These sequential biases take the form of assimilation (shifting toward the previous item/decision) or contrast (shifting away). Previous research investigating facial attractiveness evaluations provides mixed results while using analytical techniques that fail to address the dependencies in the
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Motor representations evoked by objects under varying action intentions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-09-24 Daniel N Bub,Michael E J Masson,Maria van Noordenne
In an extension of Gibson's (1979) concept of object affordance, it has been proposed that motor representations are automatically evoked by pictures of graspable objects. A variety of effects on left/right-handed keypress responses to the perceptual attributes of such images have been taken as evidence that features of actions, including the hand best suited to grasp an object, contribute to the effect
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Localizing modality compatibility effects: Evidence from dual-task interference. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-09-24 Robert Wirth,Iring Koch,Wilfried Kunde
Performance is typically superior with modality-compatible stimulus-response sets (e.g., responding vocally to auditory stimuli and manually to visual stimuli) than with modality-incompatible sets (e.g., responding vocally to visual stimuli and manually to auditory stimuli). Here we studied the information-processing stage at which these modality compatibility effects arise. In three experiments using
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Selective attention operates on the group level for interactive biological motion. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-09-24 Huichao Ji,Jun Yin,Yushang Huang,Xiaowei Ding
How do we distribute attention to interactive biological motion (BM)? There are 2 main hypotheses: (a) distribution-by-individual hypothesis, suggesting that interactive BM will not be taken as one unit in attention distribution, and an individual BM is independently selected; and (b) distribution-by-group hypothesis, indicating that interactions between BM can integrate them as one attention unit
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The sign superiority effect: Lexical status facilitates peripheral handshape identification for deaf signers. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-09-17 Elizabeth R Schotter,Emily Johnson,Amy M Lieberman
Deaf signers exhibit an enhanced ability to process information in their peripheral visual field, particularly the motion of dots or orientation of lines. Does their experience processing sign language, which involves identifying meaningful visual forms across the visual field, contribute to this enhancement? We tested whether deaf signers recruit language knowledge to facilitate peripheral identification
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Contextual cueing in target absent trials by distractor-distractor associations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-09-14 Jeunghwan Choi,Sang Chul Chong
Contextual cueing refers to finding a target more efficiently in repeated displays than in novel displays. However, conflicting results have been reported regarding whether target absent judgments can also be efficient in repeated displays. To resolve this controversy, we first tested 3 factors that might influence the strength of distractor-distractor associations and then investigated how such associations
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Perceptual competition between targets and distractors determines working memory access and produces intrusion errors in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-09-10 Alon Zivony,Martin Eimer
When a target and a distractor that share the same response dimension appear in rapid succession, participants often erroneously report the distractor instead of the target. Using behavioral and electrophysiological measures, we examined whether these intrusion errors occur because the target is often not encoded in working memory (WM) or are generated at later postencoding stages. In 4 experiments
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Dual target search: Attention tuned to relative features, both within and across feature dimensions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-09-03 Ashley A York,David K Sewell,Stefanie I Becker
Current models of attention propose that we can tune attention in a top-down controlled manner to a specific feature value (e.g., shape, color) to find specific items (e.g., a red car; feature-specific search). However, subsequent research has shown that attention is often tuned in a context-dependent manner to the relative features that distinguish a sought-after target from other surrounding nontarget
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The congruency sequence effect in a modified prime-probe task indexes response-general control. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-09-03 Daniel H Weissman,Lauren D Grant,Matt Jones
Adapting flexibly to recent events is essential in everyday life. A robust measure of such adaptive behavior is the congruency sequence effect (CSE) in the prime-probe task, which refers to a smaller congruency effect after incongruent trials than after congruent trials. Prior findings indicate that the CSE in the prime-probe task reflects control processes that modulate response activation after the
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Divergent response-time patterns in vigilance decrement tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-08-27 Joshua S Rubinstein
Performance on tasks tends to change with time-on-task, usually for the worse. Two seemingly contradictory patterns of behavior are reported for these "vigilance decrements." Over the past 70 years, the more common vigilance decrement involves a decrease in signal detection associated with an increase in response times. In contrast, search tasks such as industrial inspection or X-ray screening produce
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Salience determines attentional orienting in visual selection. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-08-06 Benchi Wang,Jan Theeuwes
Recently the signal-suppression account was proposed, positing that salient stimuli automatically produce a bottom-up salience signal that can be suppressed via top-down control processes. Evidence for this hybrid account came from a capture-probe paradigm that showed that while searching for a specific shape, observers suppressed the location of the irrelevant color singleton. Here we replicate these
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Probabilistic cuing of visual search: Neither implicit nor inflexible. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-08-06 Tamara Giménez-Fernández,David Luque,David R Shanks,Miguel A Vadillo
In probabilistic cuing of visual search, participants search for a target object that appears more frequently in one region of the display. This task results in a search bias toward the rich quadrant compared with other quadrants. Previous research has suggested that this bias is inflexible (difficult to unlearn) and implicit (participants are unaware of the biased distribution of targets). We tested
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The outlier paradox: The role of iterative ensemble coding in discounting outliers. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-08-06 Michael L Epstein,Jake Quilty-Dunn,Eric Mandelbaum,Tatiana A Emmanouil
Ensemble perception-the encoding of objects by their group properties-is known to be resistant to outlier noise. However, this resistance is somewhat paradoxical: how can the visual system determine which stimuli are outliers without already having derived statistical properties of the ensemble? A simple solution would be that ensemble perception is not a simple, one-step process; instead, outliers
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Is zjudge a better prime for JUDGE than zudge is?: A new evaluation of current orthographic coding models. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-08-06 Stephen J Lupker,Giacomo Spinelli,Colin J Davis
Three masked priming paradigms, the conventional masked priming lexical-decision task (Forster & Davis, 1984), the sandwich priming task (Lupker & Davis, 2009), and the masked priming same-different task (Norris & Kinoshita, 2008), were used to investigate priming for a given target (e.g., JUDGE) from primes created by either adding a letter to the beginning of the target (e.g., zjudge) or replacing
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Noisy perceptual expectations: Multiple object tracking benefits when objects obey features of realistic physics. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-08-06 Jonas Sin-Heng Lau,Timothy F Brady
When objects move, their motion is governed by the laws of physics. We investigated whether multiple objects that move while correctly obeying aspects of Newtonian physics are easier to track than those that do not accurately obey the laws of physics. Participants were asked to track multiple objects that either did or did not take on the correct angles and/or speeds after collisions with each other
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New templates interfere with existing templates depending on their respective priority in visual working memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-08-06 Stanislas Huynh Cong,Dirk Kerzel
Attentional templates are stored representations of target features that guide visual search. While transiently active templates are as efficient as templates held in a sustained fashion, their simultaneous activation generates costs for the sustained template. Here, we investigated whether the quality of the memory representation determines these costs. Two possible target colors were cued before
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The eye wants what the heart wants: Female face preferences are related to partner personality preferences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-08-06 DongWon Oh,Natalie Grant-Villegas,Alexander Todorov
Women prefer male faces with feminine shape and masculine reflectance. Here, we investigated the conceptual correlates of this preference, showing that it might reflect women's preferences for feminine (vs. masculine) personality in a partner. Young heterosexual women reported their preferences for personality traits in a partner and rated male faces-manipulated on masculinity/femininity-on stereotypically
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The unique effects of relatively recent conflict on cognitive control. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-08-03 Jackson S Colvett,Lindsay M Nobles,Julie M Bugg
In tasks like Stroop, it is well documented that cognitive control is affected by experiences with past conflict on 2 timescales. The "immediate" timescale is evidenced by congruency sequence effects while the "long" timescale is evidenced by list-wide proportion congruence effects. What remains underspecified is whether relatively recent experiences with conflict (i.e. recent timescale of a few preceding
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The eye-mind wandering link: Identifying gaze indices of mind wandering across tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-07-30 Myrthe Faber,Kristina Krasich,Robert E Bixler,James R Brockmole,Sidney K D'Mello
During mind wandering, visual processing of external information is attenuated. Accordingly, mind wandering is associated with changes in gaze behaviors, albeit findings are inconsistent in the literature. This heterogeneity obfuscates a complete view of the moment-to-moment processing priorities of the visual system during mind wandering. We hypothesize that this observed heterogeneity is an effect
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Multimodal sensory integration: Diminishing returns in rhythmic synchronization. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-07-30 Vinith Johnson,Wan-Yu Hsu,Avery E Ostrand,Adam Gazzaley,Theodore P Zanto
Synchronizing movements with events in the surrounding environment is a ubiquitous aspect of behavior. Experiments studying multimodal integration and rhythmic synchronization tend to focus on how bimodal (e.g., audio-visual) stimuli enhances synchronization performance (i.e., reduced variability) compared with synchronization with its unimodal constituents. As such, it is unclear whether trimodal
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Do effects of visual contrast and font difficulty on readers' eye movements interact with effects of word frequency or predictability? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-07-30 Adrian Staub
The time a reader's eyes spend on a word is influenced by visual (e.g., contrast) as well as lexical (e.g., word frequency) and contextual (e.g., predictability) factors. Well-known visual word recognition models predict that visual and higher-level manipulations may have interactive effects on early eye movement measures, because of cascaded processing between levels. Previous eye movement studies
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Tones disrupt visual fixations and responding on a visual-spatial task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-07-30 Dylan Laughery,Noah Pesina,Christopher W Robinson
The current study used an eye tracker to examine how auditory input affects the latency of visual saccades, fixations, and response times while using variations of a Serial Response Time (SRT) task. In Experiment 1, participants viewed a repeating sequence of visual stimuli that appeared in different locations on a computer monitor and they had to quickly determine if each visual stimulus was red/blue
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Combining the senses: The role of experience- and task-dependent mechanisms in the development of audiovisual simultaneity perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-07-27 Karin Petrini,Georgina Denis,Scott A Love,Marko Nardini
The brain's ability to integrate information from the different senses is essential for decreasing sensory uncertainty and ultimately limiting errors. Temporal correspondence is one of the key processes that determines whether information from different senses will be integrated and is influenced by both experience- and task-dependent mechanisms in adults. Here we investigated the development of both
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What triggers a gesture? Exploring affordance compatibility effects in representational gesture production. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-07-13 Ingrid Masson-Carro,Martijn Goudbeek,Emiel Krahmer
What are the mechanisms responsible for spontaneous cospeech gesture production? Driven by the close connection between cospeech gestures and object-related actions, recent research suggests that cospeech gestures originate in perceptual and motoric simulations that occur while speakers process information for speaking (Hostetter & Alibali, 2008). Here, we test this claim by highlighting object affordances
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Timing is everything: Onset timing moderates the crossmodal influence of background sound on taste perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-07-02 Qian Janice Wang,Charles Spence,Klemens Knoeferle
Recent evidence demonstrates that the presentation of crossmodally corresponding auditory stimuli can modulate the taste and hedonic evaluation of various foods (an effect often called "sonic seasoning"). To further understand the mechanism underpinning such crossmodal effects, the time at which a soundtrack was presented relative to tasting was manipulated in a series of experiments. Participants
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The interplay of interval models and entrainment models in duration perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-07-02 Tzu-Han Zoe Cheng,Sarah C Creel
Despite extensive research demonstrating the effect of temporal context on time perception, its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. One influential proposal to explain the temporal context effect is McAuley and Jones' (2003) framework that incorporates 2 classic timing models, interval and entrainment models. They demonstrated that listeners' duration estimates were shifted from reality
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Only time will tell the future: Anticipatory saccades reveal the temporal dynamics of time-based location and task expectancy. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-07-02 Christina U Pfeuffer,Stefanie Aufschnaiter,Roland Thomaschke,Andrea Kiesel
Humans form associations between time intervals and subsequent events and thus develop time-based expectancies that enable time-based action preparation. For instance, when each of two foreperiods (short vs. long) is frequently paired with one specific task (e.g., number magnitude judgment vs. number parity judgment) and infrequently with the alternative task, participants are faster to respond to
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Eye-tracking the time course of distal and global speech rate effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-07-02 Merel Maslowski,Antje S Meyer,Hans Rutger Bosker
To comprehend speech sounds, listeners tune in to speech rate information in the proximal (immediately adjacent), distal (nonadjacent), and global context (further removed preceding and following sentences). Effects of global contextual speech rate cues on speech perception have been shown to follow constraints not found for proximal and distal speech rate. Therefore, listeners may process such global
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Can change detection succeed when change localization fails? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-07-02 Chris Oriet,Candice Giesinger,Kaiden M Stewart
Statistical summary representations (SSRs) are thought to be computed by the visual system to provide a rapid summary of the properties of sets of similar objects. Recently, it has been suggested that a change in the statistical properties of a set can be identified even when changes to the individual items comprising the set cannot. Haberman and Whitney (2011) showed that subjects were correctly able
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Association between action kinematics and emotion perception across adolescence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 Rosanna Edey,Daniel Yon,Iroise Dumontheil,Clare Press
Research with adults suggests that we interpret the internal states of others from kinematic cues, using models calibrated to our own action experiences. Changes in action production that occur during adolescence may therefore have implications for adolescents' understanding of others. Here we examined whether, like adults, adolescents use velocity cues to determine others' emotions and whether any
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What can be learned in a context-specific proportion congruence paradigm? Implications for reproducibility. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-06-25 Julie M Bugg,Jihyun Suh,Jackson S Colvett,Spencer G Lehmann
Crump and Milliken (2009) reported a context-specific proportion congruence (CSPC) effect for inducer and diagnostic sets, the strongest evidence to date of context-specific control. Attempts to replicate/reproduce this evidence have failed, including Experiment 1. Using a picture-word Stroop task, we tackled the question of how to interpret such failures by testing the consistency hypothesis (Hutcheon
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The role of visual error and reward feedback in learning to aim to an optimal movement endpoint. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-06-18 Kevin A LeBlanc,Chelsey K Sanderson,Heather F Neyedli
When presented with a target circle horizontally overlapped by a penalty circle, participants initially aim closer to the penalty circle than optimal and with experience and feedback shift their endpoint horizontally to the optimal endpoint. Our purpose was to determine whether solely reward feedback or reward feedback in combination with visual error feedback of the movement and final movement endpoint
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The fast-same effect of an exclusive-OR task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-06-18 Marc-André Goulet,Denis Cousineau
Participants are faster to decide that two stimuli are identical than to decide that they are different. Opposing theories suggested that this fast-same effect is either due (a) to a response bias toward similarity or (b) to facilitation caused by the repetition of the stimuli attributes. Although both theories predict the fast-same effect in a conventional same-different task, they make distinct predictions
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The visual system does not compute a single mean but summarizes a distribution. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-06-04 MyoungAh Kim,Sang Chul Chong
Ongoing discussions on perceptual averaging have the implicit assumption that individual representations are reduced into a single prototypical representation. However, some evidence suggests that the mean representation may be more complex. For example, studies that use a single item probe to estimate mean size often show biased estimations. To this end, we investigate whether the mean representation
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Attention shifting during the reading of Chinese sentences. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-05-21 Weilin Liu,Albrecht W Inhoff,Xingshan Li
An eye-movement-contingent probe detection task was used to determine the allocation of visual attention during Chinese reading. On a subset of trials, a to-be-detected visual probe replaced visual text when the eyes crossed and landed to the right of an invisible interword boundary. The probe was either near the fixated location or at a more distant location in the right or left visual field. Probe
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Anticipatory memory for regular and random patterns. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-05-14 Irem Yildirim,Helene Intraub
Real-world scenes elicit anticipatory representation in long-term memory (LTM) and working memory (WM) resulting in boundary extension (BE). Would the same results hold for nonscene patterns of objects? In Experiment 1A (LTM-paradigm), 15 regular or 15 random object-patterns were sequentially presented (10 s each); a boundary-rating-task followed. Both pattern-types elicited BE. Surprisingly, regularity
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Learned distractor rejection in the face of strong target guidance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-05-11 Brad T Stilwell,Shaun P Vecera
Visual attention is guided toward behaviorally relevant objects by target "templates" stored in visual memory. Visual attention also is guided away from nontarget distractors by learned distractor rejection. In a series of 5 visual search experiments, we asked if learned distractor rejection operated while attention was simultaneously guided by a target template. Participants performed a visual search
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Quantitative and qualitative differences in the top-down guiding attributes of visual search. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-05-07 Johan Hulleman
It is generally assumed that there is a category of undoubted guiding attributes in visual search: color, motion, orientation. Any differences between these attributes are a matter of degree, rather than kind. This assumption has led to a preferential use of color in experiments that involve top-down guidance, because it provides the strongest effects. Yet, results observed for color are considered
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More efficient shielding for internal than external attention? Evidence from asymmetrical switch costs. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-05-07 Sam Verschooren,Gilles Pourtois,Tobias Egner
At present, the process of switching attention between external stimuli and internal representations is not well understood. To address this, Verschooren, Liefooghe, Brass, and Pourtois (2019) recently designed a novel paradigm where participants were cued to switch attention between external and internal information on a trial-by-trial basis. The authors observed an asymmetrical switch cost, which
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Affordance matching predictively shapes the perceptual representation of others' ongoing actions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-05-07 Katrina L McDonough,Marcello Costantini,Matthew Hudson,Eleanor Ward,Patric Bach
Predictive processing accounts of social perception argue that action observation is a predictive process, in which inferences about others' goals are tested against the perceptual input, inducing a subtle perceptual confirmation bias that distorts observed action kinematics toward the inferred goals. Here we test whether such biases are induced even when goals are not explicitly given but have to
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Spatial alignment facilitates visual comparison. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-05-01 Bryan J Matlen,Dedre Gentner,Steven L Franconeri
Humans have a uniquely sophisticated ability to see past superficial features and to understand the relational structure of the world around us. This ability often requires that we compare structures, finding commonalities and differences across visual depictions that are arranged in space, such as maps, graphs, or diagrams. Although such visual comparison of relational structures is ubiquitous in
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Causality shifts the perceived temporal order of audiovisual events. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-04-30 Michele Fornaciai,Massimiliano Di Luca
Causality poses explicit constraints to the timing of sensory signals produced by events, as sound travels slower than light, making auditory stimulation to lag visual stimulation. Previous studies show that implied causality between unrelated events can change the tolerance of simultaneity judgments for audiovisual asynchronies. Here, we tested whether apparent causality between audiovisual events
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Examining bilingual language switching across the lifespan in cued and voluntary switching contexts. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-04-23 Angela de Bruin,Arthur G Samuel,Jon Andoni Duñabeitia
How bilinguals control their languages and switch between them may change across the life span. Furthermore, bilingual language control may depend on the demands imposed by the context. Across 2 experiments, we examined how Spanish-Basque children, teenagers, younger, and older adults switch between languages in voluntary and cued picture-naming tasks. In the voluntary task, bilinguals could freely
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Sex differences in tests of mental rotation: Direct manipulation of strategies with eye-tracking. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-04-23 Daniel Voyer,Jean Saint-Aubin,Katelyn Altman,Randi A Doyle
We conducted what is likely the first large-scale comprehensive eye tracking investigation of the cognitive processes involved in the psychometric mental rotation task with three experiments comparing the performance of men and women on tests of mental rotation with blocks and human figures as stimuli. In all 3 experiments, men achieved higher mean accuracy than women on both tests and all participants
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Online sensory feedback during active search improves tactile localization. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-04-23 Xaver Fuchs,Dirk U Wulff,Tobias Heed
Natural motor behavior is usually refined by ongoing sensory input in closed feedback loops. Research has suggested that humans make systematic errors when localizing touch on the skin, and that perceptual body representations underlying these behaviors are distorted. However, experimental procedures usually prevent participants from touching the target limb, interrupting the natural action-perception
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Statistical regularities across trials bias attentional selection. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-04-23 Ai-Su Li,Jan Theeuwes
Previous studies have shown that attentional selection can be biased toward locations that are likely to contain a target and away from locations that are likely to contain a distractor. It is assumed that through statistical learning, participants are able to extract the regularities in the display, which in turn biases attentional selection. The present study employed the additional singleton task
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Set size effects in spatial updating are independent of the online/offline updating strategy. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-04-23 Ruoyu Lu,Chencen Yu,Zeyu Li,Weimin Mou,Zhi Li
Spatial updating of self-to-object spatial relations may be performed online or offline. The set size effects in spatial updating are generally considered as a benchmark for indicating which updating strategy is used. Online updating is associated with transient egocentric representations and the presence of set size effects, whereas offline updating is associated with enduring allocentric representations
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Is working memory inherently more "precise" than long-term memory? Extremely high fidelity visual long-term memories for frequently encountered objects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-04-23 Annalise E Miner,Mark W Schurgin,Timothy F Brady
Long-term memory is often considered easily corruptible, imprecise, and inaccurate, especially in comparison to working memory. However, most research used to support these findings relies on weak long-term memories: those where people have had only one brief exposure to an item. Here we investigated the fidelity of visual long-term memory in more naturalistic setting, with repeated exposures, and
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I haven't a clue! Expectations based on repetitions and hints facilitate perceptual experience of ambiguous images. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-04-23 Uri Hertz,Colin Blakemore,Chris D Frith
In recent years, the role of top-down expectations on perception has been extensively researched within the framework of predictive coding. However, less attention has been given to the different sources of expectations, how they differ, and how they interact. In this article, we examined the effects of informative hints on perceptual experience and how these interact with repetition-based expectations
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Task sets serve as boundaries for the congruency sequence effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-04-23 Lauren D Grant,Savannah L Cookson,Daniel H Weissman
Cognitive control processes that enable purposeful behavior are often context-specific. A teenager, for example, may inhibit the tendency to daydream at work but not in the classroom. However, the nature of contextual boundaries for cognitive control processes remains unclear. Therefore, we revisited an ongoing controversy over whether such boundaries reflect (a) an attentional reset that occurs whenever
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Concurrent working memory load may increase or reduce cognitive interference depending on the attentional set. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-04-16 Fernando G Luna,Maïka Telga,Miguel A Vadillo,Juan Lupiáñez
Perceptual grouping leads to interference when target and distractors are integrated within the same percept. Cognitive control allows breaking this automatic tendency by focusing selectively on target information. Thus, interference can be modulated either by goal-directed mechanisms or by physical features of stimuli that help to segregate the target from distractors. In three experiments, participants
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It goes with the territory: Ownership across spatial boundaries. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-04-09 James W A Strachan,Merryn D Constable,Günther Knoblich
Previous studies have shown that people are faster to process objects that they own as compared with objects that other people own. Yet object ownership is embedded within a social environment that has distinct and sometimes competing rules for interaction. Here we ask whether ownership of space can act as a filter through which we process what belongs to us. Can a sense of territory modulate the well-established
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Subjective confidence acts as an internal cost-benefit factor when choosing between tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-04-09 Nomi Carlebach,Nick Yeung
Upon making a decision, we typically have a sense of the likelihood that the decision we reached was a good one; that is, a degree of confidence in our choice. In a series of five experiments, we tested the hypothesis that confidence acts as an intrinsic cost-benefit factor when choosing between tasks, biasing people toward situations in which they experience higher confidence. Participants performed
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Eye-of-origin flash triggers eye-based attention only when the flash is task-relevant. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-04-09 Yanliang Sun,Xiaolin Wang,Wenhao Yu,Muyuan Yang
Attentional selection can be based on a particular location, feature, or object. In this study, we used a monocular cuing paradigm to investigate whether selective attention is based on the input's eye-of-origin. We found that unpredictive monocular flashing cues can trigger eye-based orienting when the cues are task-relevant. Specifically, the response to the target presented to the uncued location
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Persistent guidance of attention in visual statistical learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-04-09 Katelyn M Conn,Mark W Becker,Susan M Ravizza
When repeatedly selected features have predictive value, an observer can learn to prioritize them. However, relatively little is known about the mechanisms underlying this persistent statistical learning. In two experiments, we investigated the boundary conditions of statistical learning. Each task included a training phase where targets appeared more frequently in one of two target colors, followed
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Direct evidence for the optimal tuning of attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-04-09 Dirk Kerzel
In search arrays where the target is presented with similar nontarget stimuli, it is advantageous to shift the internal representation of the target features away from the nontarget features. According to optimal tuning theory (Navalpakkam & Itti, 2007), the shift of the attentional template increases the signal-to-noise ratio because the overlap of neural populations representing the target and nontarget
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Comparing exponential race and signal detection models of encoding stimuli into visual short-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-04-09 Axel Larsen,Bo Markussen,Claus Bundesen
The exponential race model embodied in the theory of visual attention (TVA) and the power law generalization of the sample size model (SSPL) provide competing accounts of the mechanisms that determine how exposure duration, set size, and attention influence how many items enter visual short-term memory (VSTM). In the exponential race model, items compete for entry into VSTM in a processing race with
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Cue the effects: Stimulus-action effect modality compatibility and dual-task costs. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-04-01 Jonathan Schacherer,Eliot Hazeltine
The pairings of tasks' stimulus and response modalities affect the magnitude of dual-task costs. For example, dual-task costs are larger when a visual-vocal task is paired with an auditory-manual task compared with when a visual-manual task is paired with an auditory-vocal task. These results are often interpreted as reflecting increased crosstalk between central codes for each task. Here we examine
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Performance feedback promotes proactive but not reactive adaptation of conflict-control. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance (IF 2.45) Pub Date : 2020-04-01 Christina Bejjani,Sophie Tan,Tobias Egner
Cognitive control refers to the use of internal goals to guide how we process stimuli, and control can be applied proactively (in anticipation of a stimulus) or reactively (once that stimulus has been presented). The application of control can be guided by memory; for instance, people typically learn to adjust their level of attentional selectivity to changing task statistics, such as different frequencies