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Order, please! Explicit sequence learning in hybrid search in younger and older age Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-04-19 Iris Wiegand, Erica Westenberg, Jeremy M. Wolfe
Sequence learning effects in simple perceptual and motor tasks are largely unaffected by normal aging. However, less is known about sequence learning in more complex cognitive tasks that involve attention and memory processes and how this changes with age. In this study, we examined whether incidental and intentional sequence learning would facilitate hybrid visual and memory search in younger and
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The effects of perceptual cues on visual statistical learning: Evidence from children and adults Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-04-19 Yingying Yang, Qiongya Song
In visual statistical learning, one can extract the statistical regularities of target locations in an incidental manner. The current study examined the impact of salient perceptual cues on one type of visual statistical learning: probability cueing effects. In a visual search task, the target appeared more often in one quadrant (i.e., rich) than the other quadrants (i.e., sparse). Then, the screen
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The missing-VP effect in readers of English as a second language Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-04-16 Stefan L. Frank, Patty Ernst, Robin L. Thompson, Rein Cozijn
English sentences with double center-embedded clauses are read faster when they are made ungrammatical by removing one of the required verb phrases. This phenomenon is known as the missing-VP effect. German and Dutch speakers do not experience the missing-VP effect when reading their native language, but they do when reading English as a second language (L2). We investigate whether the missing-VP effect
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Relationships between expertise and distinctiveness: Abnormal medical images lead to enhanced memory performance only in experts Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-04-14 Hayden M. Schill, Jeremy M. Wolfe, Timothy F. Brady
Memories are encoded in a manner that depends on our knowledge and expectations (“schemas”). Consistent with this, expertise tends to improve memory: Experts have elaborated schemas in their domains of expertise, allowing them to efficiently represent information in this domain (e.g., chess experts have enhanced memory for realistic chess layouts). On the other hand, in most situations, people tend
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Animacy and animate imagery improve retention in the method of loci among novice users Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-04-09 Janell R. Blunt, Joshua E. VanArsdall
Recently, researchers have identified word animacy as a strong predictor of recall. In contrast, the method of loci is an ancient mnemonic technique which takes advantage of highly structured encoding and recall processes alongside a strong imagery component to create easily remembered “memory palaces.” The present experiments examine the combined effectiveness of these techniques: Experiment 1 (N
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Correction to: attention effects in working memory that are asymmetric across sensory modalities Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-04-08 Yu Li, Nelson Cowan
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-021-01177-y
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Prompt-facilitated learning: The development of unprompted memory integration and subsequent self-derivation Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-04-08 Julia T. Wilson, Patricia J. Bauer
What are the boundaries that limit expansion of semantic knowledge across development? One striking contender is the necessity of a prompt to integrate and self-generate new information. The present research was an investigation of 7- to 9-year-olds’ and 18- to 22-year-olds’ prompted versus unprompted memory integration and subsequent self-derivation of new knowledge. Children and adults (Experiments
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The simultaneous recognition of multiple words: A process analysis Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-04-08 Anne Voormann, Mikhail S. Spektor, Karl Christoph Klauer
In everyday life, recognition decisions often have to be made for multiple objects simultaneously. In contrast, research on recognition memory has predominantly relied on single-item recognition paradigms. We present a first systematic investigation into the cognitive processes that differ between single-word and paired-word tests of recognition memory. In a single-word test, participants categorize
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The role of prior-event retrieval in encoding changed event features Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-04-06 Mary M. Hermann, Christopher N. Wahlheim, Timothy R. Alexander, Jeffrey M. Zacks
When people experience everyday activities, their comprehension can be shaped by expectations that derive from similar recent experiences, which can affect the encoding of a new experience into memory. When a new experience includes changes—such as a driving route being blocked by construction—this can lead to interference in subsequent memory. One potential mechanism of effective encoding of event
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Metamemory for pictures of naturalistic scenes: Assessment of accuracy and cue utilization Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-04-02 Monika Undorf, Arndt Bröder
Memory for naturalistic pictures is exceptionally good. However, little is known about people’s ability to monitor the memorability of naturalistic pictures. We report the first systematic investigation into the accuracy and basis of metamemory in this domain. People studied pictures of naturalistic scenes, predicted their chances of recognizing each picture at a later test (judgment of learning, JOL)
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Interleaved practice benefits implicit sequence learning and transfer Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Julia M. Schorn, Barbara J. Knowlton
Compared to blocked practice, interleaved practice of different tasks leads to superior long-term retention despite poorer initial acquisition performance. This phenomenon, the contextual interference effect, is well documented in various domains but it is not yet clear if it persists in the absence of explicit knowledge in terms of fine motor sequence learning. Additionally, while there is some evidence
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The item/order account of word frequency effects: Evidence from serial order tests Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-03-30 Ian Neath, Philip T. Quinlan
According to the item/order hypothesis, high-frequency words are processed more efficiently and therefore order information can be readily encoded. In contrast, low-frequency words are processed less efficiently and the focus on item-specific processing compromises order information. Most experiments testing this account use free recall, which has led to two problems: First, the role of order information
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The role of metacognition and schematic support in younger and older adults' episodic memory Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-03-29 Mary C. Whatley, Alan D. Castel
Older adults experience deficits in associative memory. However, age-related differences are reduced when information is consistent with prior knowledge (i.e., schematic support), suggesting that episodic and semantic memory are interrelated. It is unclear what role metacognitive processes play in schematic support. Prior knowledge may reduce encoding demands, but older adults may allocate cognitive
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Cumulative semantic cost without successful naming Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-03-29 Eduardo Navarrete, Silvia Benavides-Varela, Riccardina Lorusso, Barbara Arfè
Accessing semantic information has negative consequences for successive recovering attempts of similar information. For instance, in the course of picture-naming tasks, the time required to name an object is determined by the total number of items from the same category that have already been named; naming latencies increase proportionally to the total number of semantically related words named previously
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Why do learners ignore expected feedback in making metacognitive decisions about retrieval practice? Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-03-26 Thomas C. Toppino, Kelsey A. Heslin, Taylor M. Curley, Michael K. Jackiewicz, Colin S. Flowers, Heather-Anne Phelan
We report two experiments investigating why learners, in making metacognitive judgments, often seem to ignore or otherwise fail to appreciate that feedback following retrieval practice provides a restudy opportunity. Learners practiced word pairs for a final cued-recall test by studying each pair initially, making a judgment of learning (JOL), and then deciding whether to practice the pair again after
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Selective memory disrupted in intra-modal dual-task encoding conditions Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-03-24 Alexander L. M. Siegel, Shawn T. Schwartz, Alan D. Castel
Given natural memory limitations, people can generally attend to and remember high-value over low-value information even when cognitive resources are depleted in older age and under divided attention during encoding, representing an important form of cognitive control. In the current study, we examined whether tasks requiring overlapping processing resources may impair the ability to selectively encode
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Does morphological structure modulate access to embedded word meaning in child readers? Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-03-22 Jana Hasenäcker, Olga Solaja, Davide Crepaldi
Beginning readers have been shown to be sensitive to the meaning of embedded neighbors (e.g., CROW in CROWN). Moreover, developing readers are sensitive to the morphological structure of words (TEACH-ER). However, the interaction between orthographic and morphological processes in meaning activation during reading is not well established. What determines semantic access to orthographically embedded
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In search of the proximal cause of the animacy effect on memory: Attentional resource allocation and semantic representations Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-03-17 Heather C. Rawlinson, Colleen M. Kelley
People recall and recognize animate words better than inanimate words, perhaps because memory systems were shaped by evolution to prioritize memory for predators, people, and food sources. Attentional paradigms show an animacy advantage that suggests that the animacy advantage in memory stems from a prioritization of animate items when allocating attentional resources during encoding. According to
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Multiple components of statistical word learning are resource dependent: Evidence from a dual-task learning paradigm Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-03-17 Tanja C Roembke, Bob McMurray
It is increasingly understood that people may learn new word/object mappings in part via a form of statistical learning in which they track co-occurrences between words and objects across situations (cross-situational learning). Multiple learning processes contribute to this, thought to reflect the simultaneous influence of real-time hypothesis testing and graduate learning. It is unclear how these
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Correction to: The role of self-reference and personal goals in the formation of memories of the future Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-03-15 Olivier Jeunehomme, Arnaud D’Argembeau
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-021-01165-2
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Can rotated words be processed automatically? Evidence from rotated repetition priming Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-03-15 András Benyhe, Péter Csibri
Visual word processing has its own dedicated neural system that, due to the novelty of this activity, is unlikely to have acquired its specialization through natural selection. Understanding the properties of this system could shed light on its recruitment and the background of its disorders. Although recognition of simple visual objects is orientation invariant, this is not necessarily the case for
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Testing the attention-distractibility trait Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-03-11 Matt E. Meier
Forster and Lavie (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 40[1], 251–260, 2014; Psychological Science, 27[2], 203–212, 2016) found that task-irrelevant distraction correlated positively with a measure of mind-wandering and a report of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptomology. Based primarily on these results, Forster and Lavie claimed to establish an
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Attention effects in working memory that are asymmetric across sensory modalities Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-03-10 Yu Li, Nelson Cowan
A key unanswered question about working memory is the nature of interference between items. At one extreme of existing theories, interference occurs between any two items because of a general capacity limit. At another extreme, interference depends on the similarity between particular features of different items. We examine this question in three experiments by presenting two sets of items on each
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When statistics collide: The use of transitional and phonotactic probability cues to word boundaries Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Rodrigo Dal Ben, Débora de Hollanda Souza, Jessica F. Hay
Statistical regularities in linguistic input, such as transitional probability and phonotactic probability, have been shown to promote speech segmentation. It remains unclear, however, whether or how the combination of transitional probabilities and subtle phonotactic probabilities influence segmentation. The present study provides a fine-grained investigation of the effects of such combined statistics
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Effects of prior-task failure on arithmetic performance: A study in young and older adults Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-03-08 Patrick Lemaire
Effects of prior-task failure (i.e., decreased performance on a target task following failure on a prior task) were tested in young and older adults. Young and older participants (N=120) accomplished a computational estimation task (i.e., providing the best estimates to arithmetic problems) before and after accomplishing a dot comparison task in a control or in a failure condition. Both groups decreased
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How cognitive conflict affects judgments of learning: Evaluating the contributions of processing fluency and metamemory beliefs Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-03-05 Xiaofei Li, Gongxiang Chen, Chunliang Yang
Previous research has documented that cognitive conflict affects basic cognitive processes such as memory, reasoning, and attention allocation. However, little research has explored whether its effect can be extended to higher cognitive processes such as metacognitive monitoring. The current study took a novel variant of a Stroop task that employed words presented in a color opposite to the color of
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Repetition blindness for words and pictures: A failure to form stable type representations? Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-03-05 Irina M. Harris, William G. Hayward, Manuel S. Seet, Sally Andrews
Repetition blindness (RB) is the failure to detect and report a repeated item during rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP). The RB literature reveals consistent and robust RB for word stimuli, but somewhat variable RB effects for pictorial stimuli. We directly compared RB for object pictures and their word labels, using exactly the same procedure in the same participants. Experiment 1 used a large
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A conceptual space for episodic and semantic memory Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-03-01 David C. Rubin
I propose a model that places episodic, semantic, and other commonly studied forms of memory into the same conceptual space. The space is defined by three dimensions required for Tulving’s episodic and semantic memory. An implicit–explicit dimension contrasts both episodic and semantic memory with common forms of implicit memory. A self-reference dimension contrasts episodes that occurred to one person
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The role of self-reference and personal goals in the formation of memories of the future Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Olivier Jeunehomme, Arnaud D’Argembeau
Recent evidence suggests that some simulations of future events are encoded in memory and later recalled as “memories of the future,” but the factors that determine the memorability of future simulations remain poorly understood. The current research aimed to test the hypothesis that imagined future events are better memorized when they are integrated in autobiographical knowledge structures. Across
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Forgetting under difficult conditions: Item-method directed forgetting under perceptual processing constraints Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-03-01 Tracy L. Taylor, Jason Ivanoff
Intentional forgetting of unwanted items is effortful, yet directed forgetting seems to improve when a secondary task is performed. According to the cognitive load hypothesis of directed forgetting, allocating attentional resources to another task improves forgetting by restricting unwanted encoding of to-be-forgotten (TBF) items. Alternatively, it might be that anything that makes studying more difficult
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Value-directed memory effects on item and context memory Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Jonathan J. Villaseñor, Allison M. Sklenar, Andrea N. Frankenstein, Pauline Urban Levy, Matthew P. McCurdy, Eric D. Leshikar
The ability to prioritize learning some information over others when that information is considered important or valuable is known as value-directed remembering. In these experiments, we investigate how value influences different aspects of memory, including item memory (memory for the to-be-learned materials) and context memory (memory for peripheral details that occurred when studying items) to get
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Commonalities of visual and auditory working memory in a spatial-updating task Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-02-22 Tomoki Maezawa, Jun I. Kawahara
Although visual and auditory inputs are initially processed in separate perception systems, studies have built on the idea that to maintain spatial information these modalities share a component of working memory. The present study used working memory navigation tasks to examine functional similarities and dissimilarities in the performance of updating tasks. Participants mentally updated the spatial
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The development of retro-cue benefits with extensive practice: Implications for capacity estimation and attentional states in visual working memory Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-02-22 Paul Zerr, Surya Gayet, Floris van den Esschert, Mitchel Kappen, Zoril Olah, Stefan Van der Stigchel
Accessing the contents of visual short-term memory (VSTM) is compromised by information bottlenecks and visual interference between memorization and recall. Retro-cues, displayed after the offset of a memory stimulus and prior to the onset of a probe stimulus, indicate the test item and improve performance in VSTM tasks. It has been proposed that retro-cues aid recall by transferring information from
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The interplay between inhibitory control and metaphor conventionality Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-02-22 Faria Sana, Juana Park, Christina L. Gagné, Thomas L. Spalding
When a metaphor is first encountered (lawyers are sharks), several meanings are activated, but the literal ones (lawyers have fins) need to be inhibited to successfully compute the figurative meaning (lawyers are aggressive). With repeated exposure that metaphor becomes conventionalized, and its figurative meaning may be easily accessible without the need to inhibit the corresponding literal meaning
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Think slow, then fast: Does repeated deliberation boost correct intuitive responding? Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-02-11 Matthieu Raoelison, Marine Keime, Wim De Neys
Influential studies on human thinking with the popular two-response paradigm typically ask participants to continuously alternate between intuitive (“fast”) and deliberate (“slow”) responding. One concern is that repeated deliberation in these studies will artificially boost the intuitive, “fast” reasoning performance. A recent alternative two-block paradigm therefore advised to present all fast trials
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Correction to: The visual and semantic features that predict object memory: Concept property norms for 1,000 object images Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-02-09 Mariam Hovhannisyan, Alex Clarke, Benjamin R. Geib, Rosalie Cicchinelli, Zachary Monge, Tory Worth, Amanda Szymanski, Roberto Cabeza, Simon W. Davis
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-021-01145-6
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Category learning in a transitive inference paradigm Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-02-09 Greg Jensen, Tina Kao, Charlotte Michaelcheck, Saani Simms Borge, Vincent P. Ferrera, Herbert S. Terrace
The implied order of a ranked set of visual images can be learned without reliance on information that explicitly signals their order. Such learning is difficult to explain by associative mechanisms, but can be accounted for by cognitive representations and processes such as transitive inference. Our study sought to determine if those processes also apply to learning categories of images. We asked
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Re-assessing age of acquisition effects in recognition, free recall, and serial recall Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-02-08 Molly B. Macmillan, Ian Neath, Aimeé M. Surprenant
Age of acquisition (AoA) refers to the age at which a person learns a word. Research has converged on the conclusion that early AoA words are processed more efficiently than late AoA words on a number of perceptual and reading tasks. However, only a few studies have investigated whether AoA affects memory on recognition, serial recall, and free recall tests, and the results are equivocal. We took advantage
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How do recall requirements affect decision-making in free recall initiation? A linear ballistic accumulator approach Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-02-02 Adam F. Osth, Aimee Reed, Simon Farrell
Models of free recall describe free recall initiation as a decision-making process in which items compete to be retrieved. Recently, Osth and Farrell (Psychological Review, 126, 578–609, 2019) applied evidence accumulation models to complete RT distributions and serial positions of participants’ first recalls in free recall, which resulted in some novel conclusions about primacy and recency effects
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Responsible remembering and forgetting as contributors to memory for important information Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-01-20 Dillon H. Murphy, Alan D. Castel
The ability to control both what we remember and what is forgotten can enhance memory. The present study used an item-method directed forgetting paradigm to investigate whether participants strategically remembered items they were responsible for remembering rather than items a hypothetical friend was responsible for remembering. Specifically, participants were presented with a 20-word list (either
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Letter identity and visual similarity in the processing of diacritic letters Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Sachiko Kinoshita, Lili Yu, Rinus G. Verdonschot, Dennis Norris
Are letters with a diacritic (e.g., â) recognized as a variant of the base letter (e.g., a), or as a separate letter identity? Two recent masked priming studies, one in French and one in Spanish, investigated this question, concluding that this depends on the language-specific linguistic function served by the diacritic. Experiment 1 tested this linguistic function hypothesis using Japanese kana, in
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The visual and semantic features that predict object memory: Concept property norms for 1,000 object images Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Mariam Hovhannisyan, Alex Clarke, Benjamin R. Geib, Rosalie Cicchinelli, Zachary Monge, Tory Worth, Amanda Szymanski, Roberto Cabeza, Simon W. Davis
Humans have a remarkable fidelity for visual long-term memory, and yet the composition of these memories is a longstanding debate in cognitive psychology. While much of the work on long-term memory has focused on processes associated with successful encoding and retrieval, more recent work on visual object recognition has developed a focus on the memorability of specific visual stimuli. Such work is
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Can you believe it? An investigation into the impact of retraction source credibility on the continued influence effect Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Ullrich K. H. Ecker, Luke M. Antonio
The continued influence effect refers to the finding that people often continue to rely on misinformation in their reasoning even if the information has been retracted. The present study aimed to investigate the extent to which the effectiveness of a retraction is determined by its credibility. In particular, we aimed to scrutinize previous findings suggesting that perceived trustworthiness but not
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From perception to inference: Utilization of probabilities as decision weights in children Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Tilmann Betsch, Stefanie Lindow, Anne Lehmann, Rachel Stenmans
In a probabilistic inference task (three probabilistic cues predict outcomes for two options), we examined decisions from 233 children (5–6 vs. 9–10 years). Contiguity (low vs. high; i.e., position of probabilistic information far vs. close to options) and demand for selectivity (low vs. high; i.e., showing predictions of desired vs. desired and undesired outcomes) were varied as configural aspects
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Correction to: Do metaphorical sharks bite? Simulation and abstraction in metaphor processing Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-01-12 Hamad Al-Azary, Albert N. Katz
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-020-01124-3
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Cognitive and motivational factors driving sharing of internet memes Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-01-08 Emily F. Wong, Keith J. Holyoak
As naturally occurring examples of folk culture and creativity, internet memes provide a rich testbed to examine the interrelationships among cognitive and motivational factors that influence their impact. In two studies with participants recruited over the internet, we measured a variety of appraisals of both apolitical and political memes with a focus on the role of metaphorical aptness and personal
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Improving prospective memory with contextual cueing Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-01-08 Vanessa K. Bowden, Rebekah E. Smith, Shayne Loft
Prospective memory (PM) involves remembering to perform an intended action in the future. Researchers have demonstrated that, under certain conditions, contextual information about when PM performance opportunities are likely to occur can support PM performance while decreasing the cognitive demands of the PM task. The current study builds upon prior work to investigate whether warning participants
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Influences of domain knowledge on segmentation and memory Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Kimberly M. Newberry, Daniel P. Feller, Heather R. Bailey
Much research has shown that experts possess superior memory in their domain of expertise. This memory benefit has been proposed to be the result of various encoding mechanisms, such as chunking and differentiation. Another potential encoding mechanism that is associated with memory is event segmentation, which is the process by which people parse continuous information into meaningful, discrete units
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Personal reminders: Self-generated reminders boost memory more than normatively related ones Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Di Zhang, Jonathan G. Tullis
People generate reminders in a variety of ways (e.g. putting items in special places or creating to-do lists) to support their memories. Successful remindings can result in retroactive facilitation of earlier information; in contrast, failures to remind can produce interference between memory for related information. Here, we compared the efficacy of different kinds of reminders, including participant’s
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Construing events first-hand: Gesture viewpoints interact with speech to shape the attribution and memory of agency Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Dana Michelle Chan, Spencer Kelly
Beyond conveying objective content about objects and actions, what can co-speech iconic gestures reveal about a speaker’s subjective relationship to that content? The present study explores this question by investigating how gesture viewpoints can inform a listener’s construal of a speaker’s agency. Forty native English speakers watched videos of an actor uttering sentences with different viewpoints—that
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Effect of attentional selection on working memory for depth in a retro-cueing paradigm Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Zhuolun Li, Mengxuan Tong, Shiting Chen, Jiehui Qian
Recent studies have shown that the temporary storage and manipulation of depth information (working memory for depth; WMd) is largely different from that of visual information in a 2D context (visual working memory; VWM). Although there has been abundant evidence on VWM showing that cueing a memory item during retention could bias attention to its internal representation and thus improves its memory
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Examining the relationship between generation constraint and memory Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Matthew P. McCurdy, Andrea N. Frankenstein, Allison M. Sklenar, Pauline Urban Levy, Eric D. Leshikar
Self-generated information is often better remembered than read information (the generation effect). Recent research, however, has shown that generating information under fewer experimental constraints (i.e., fewer limitations on what can be generated) can increase the magnitude of the generation effect. This study systematically varied generation constraint to better understand the effects of constraint
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Characterizing spoken responses in masked-onset priming of reading aloud using articulography Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Michael Proctor, Max Coltheart, Louise Ratko, Tünde Szalay, Kenneth Forster, Felicity Cox
A key method for studying articulatory planning at different levels of phonological organization is masked-onset priming. In previous work using that paradigm the dependent variable has been acoustic response time (RT). We used electromagnetic articulography to measure articulatory RTs and the articulatory properties of speech gestures in non-word production in a masked-onset priming experiment. Initiation
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How quantifiers influence the conceptual representation of plurals Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Nikole D. Patson
This paper reports the results of two experiments that investigate the nature of plural conceptual representations that are created during sentence comprehension. Previous work has found that comprehenders seem to represent both a singular object and a plural set of objects during the comprehension of plural nouns. The activation of the singular object has been attributed to the pragmatic processing
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Framing the past (and future): Effects of generic photos on autobiographical judgments Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 Joseph C. Wilson, Deanne L. Westerman
Do the images we see every day influence how we remember our lives? Research on this matter often concerns how entire memories of events can be created or shaped through the use of doctored photographs of personal (Wade et al., Psychonomic bulletin & review, 9 (3), 597-603, 2002) and public events (Sacchi et al., Applied Cognitive Psychology, 21 (8), 1005-1022, 2007). Although this paradigm has yielded
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Making judgments of learning enhances memory by inducing item-specific processing Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 Olesya Senkova, Hajime Otani
A judgment of leaning (JOL) has been investigated to understand self-regulated learning. However, asking participants to make JOLs may increase memory by creating a reactivity effect. In two experiments, we examined whether making JOLs would enhance memory by inducing item-specific processing. We compared a JOL task with two other tasks that are known to induce item-specific processing: pleasantness
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Different inhibitory control components predict different levels of language control in bilinguals Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2021-01-04 Shuhua Li, Mona Roxana Botezatu, Man Zhang, Taomei Guo
In recent years, some studies have started to explore the impact of individual general executive functions (EFs) on bilingual language control. To our knowledge, few studies have systematically examined various components of EFs on different levels of language control in bilinguals. In two experiments, we investigated the effects of two components of IC on different levels of bilingual language control
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Moses, money, and multiple-choice: The Moses illusion in a multiple-choice format with high incentives Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2020-12-21 Felix Speckmann, Christian Unkelbach
When people answer the question “How many animals of each kind did Moses take on the Ark?”, they usually respond with “two,” although Moses does not appear in the biblical story of the Ark. We investigated this “Moses illusion” in a multiple-choice format and tested the influence of monetary incentives on the illusion’s strength. Thereby, we addressed the role of a cooperative communication context
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The effects of stress on eyewitness memory: A survey of memory experts and laypeople Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2020-11-25 Carey Marr, Henry Otgaar, Melanie Sauerland, Conny W. E. M. Quaedflieg, Lorraine Hope
This survey examined lay and expert beliefs about statements concerning stress effects on (eyewitness) memory. Thirty-seven eyewitness memory experts, 36 fundamental memory experts, and 109 laypeople endorsed, opposed, or selected don’t know responses for a range of statements relating to the effects of stress at encoding and retrieval. We examined proportions in each group and differences between
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The effect of intrinsic image memorability on recollection and familiarity Mem. Cogn. (IF 1.694) Pub Date : 2020-11-23 N. Broers, N.A. Busch
Many photographs of real-life scenes are very consistently remembered or forgotten by most people, making these images intrinsically memorable or forgettable. Although machine vision algorithms can predict a given image’s memorability very well, nothing is known about the subjective quality of these memories: are memorable images recognized based on strong feelings of familiarity or on recollection
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