ABSTRACT Background Recent theoretical work suggests that self-reflection on daily stressors and the efficacy of coping strategies and resources is beneficial for the enhancement of resilient capacities. However, coping insights emerging from self-reflection, and their relationship to resilient capacities, is an existing gap in our understanding. Objectives Given that insights come in many forms, the

ABSTRACT Background and objectives Perceptions of partners’ dyadic coping (DC) behaviors are associated with lower stress and higher relationship well-being. Albeit well-documented, these associations have predominately relied on cross-sectional data, overlooking temporal associations during conversations of mutual stress. Based on the systemic transactional model of DC [Bodenmann, G. (2005). Dyadic

ABSTRACT Meta-analyses indicated detrimental effects on some psychological dimensions from job loss and extended periods of unemployment. This study analyses three phenomena: causes attributed to unemployment; processes for coping with unemployment; and the emotional impact of joblessness. Using an SEM approach, a model is created in which unemployment normalization acts as a mediator between locus

ABSTRACT Background Depression is thought to generate stressful life events. However, other internalizing symptoms such as anxiety or post-traumatic stress and individual difference variables such as personality traits and alcohol use may contribute to stressful life events. Whether stress generation is specific to depression or generalized to these other variables is unclear. Therefore, we tested

ABSTRACT Objectives The current study aimed to identify patterns of situation selection and modification behaviors using a person-centered approach, and to examine to what extent the trait social inhibition (SI) is associated with these patterns of situation-targeted emotion regulation. Methods The sample comprised 504 participants (Mage = 21.5, SD = 8.2; 82% women), who completed questionnaires on

ABSTRACT Background After the worldwide outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020, many employees transitioned from in-office work to telework to slow down the spread of the virus. Building on the Job Demands-Resources model, we examined day-level relationships between job demands, home demands and emotional exhaustion during telework. Moreover, we tested if leisure crafting (i.e., the proactive pursuit and enactment

ABSTRACT Background and objectives An increasing number of college students in the U.S. report elevations in stress and anxiety. One approach to addressing this need is to offer skills training programs. Design This study used a stepped-wedge design to test the effects of a mindfulness-based coping-enhancement program on college students’ stress-management, emotion regulation, coping, and well-being

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives New diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were introduced by DSM-5 and ICD-11. It remains unclear how well these new definitions of PTSD capture the posttrauma responses of children, particularly when using parent report. This study compared different conceptual models of PTSD in children following the Boston Marathon bombing and manhunt. Design

ABSTRACT Background and objectives: Drawing upon previous research on turnover intentions and job crafting, this study examines whether employees’ turnover intentions are related to higher negative affect and lower task mastery over time. It further investigates if reframing and altering the meaning of one’s work (i.e., cognitive job crafting) buffers the relationships between turnover intentions,

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives Animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) are increasingly popular as treatments to reduce anxiety. However, there is little empirical evidence testing the mechanisms of action in AAIs, especially among adolescents. We examined whether two possible mechanisms, social interaction and/or physical contact with a therapy dog, might reduce anxiety during a social stressor.

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives Locus of control (LOC) is a modifiable mediator of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among traumatized individuals and a potential target of intervention. Compared with studies involving adults, the potential mediation effect of LOC on PTSD symptoms among trauma-exposed children and adolescents is relatively under-explored. This study, therefore, assessed

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: This research aimed at investigating the psychological impact of national quarantine in Italy, and the psychosocial factors that are may influence this impact. Methods: A convenience sample of 1569 people living in Italy responded to an online survey using virtual snowball sampling. The questionnaire included measures of mental health symptoms, well-being, worry

ABSTRACT Background The stress-to-disease association has been well-accepted for some time. However, the understanding of how stress exposure contributes to psychological disease progression remains unclear. Objective To test the real-time impact of variable stress exposure on risk-related clinical phenomena and affective disease progression in a high-risk sample of active-duty firefighters. Methods

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to examine individual differences in the day-by-day relationship between negative affect (NA) and rumination in terms of their inertia, innovation, and cross-lagged effects among people living with HIV (PLWH). Methods The participants were 217 PLWH with confirmed diagnoses of HIV and undergoing antiretroviral treatment. They assessed their NA and rumination

ABSTRACT Background and objectives Evidence shows that the centrality of a loss-event maintains emotional distress following loss. Aims of the current study were to examine (i) if subgroups of bereaved people can be distinguished based on their endorsement of different manifestations of loss-centrality, (ii) if subgroup membership was associated with socio-demographic and loss-related variables, and

ABSTRACT Background and objectives Anxiety sensitivity (AS) refers to a fear of the negative implications of anxiety, and arises due to gene-environment interactions. We investigated whether genetic variation in two neuropeptides implicated in the stress response, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor 1, interacted with childhood trauma (CT) to influence

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives Media trauma in civilians is linked to intrusive imagery-based memory symptoms. We investigated whether mental imagery of the 9/11 terrorist attacks following media exposure is dampened by taxing working memory (WM). Methods Forty-five young adult UK residents, who were exposed to the 9/11 terrorist attacks as children via the media, identified a personally-relevant

ABSTRACT Background Although numerous self-report measures of social anxiety exist, most instruments assess symptom severity by examining the range of social situations that provoke anxiety, rather than the distress and impairment associated with social anxiety. The Ryerson Social Anxiety Scales (RSAS; Lenton-Brym, A. P., Rogojanski, J., Hood, H. K., Vorstenbosch, V., McCabe, R. E., & Antony, M. M

ABSTRACT Background Recent research postulated that organizational identification plays an important role in employees’ health and well-being. Building on the Social Identity Approach as a framework, we test the so-called social cure hypothesis, according to which group-based processes of social support should reduce employees’ psychological distress. Design and Methods While there is a considerable

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives This research identified profiles characterized by distinct levels of overcommitment, rumination, psychological detachment (Studies 1 and 2), and need for recovery (Study 2). This research also considers the role of hindrance demands and resources in the prediction of profile membership, and the outcomes of these profiles. Methods These objectives were addressed in

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives Recent approaches suggest that emotion regulation (ER) abilities represent potential predictors of emotional response among youths navigating stressful situations. To test this, we investigated whether ER abilities predicted the subjective and physiological emotional response experienced by youths during a stressful situation. Design A cross-sectional design was employed

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: Anxiety and stress influence the onset and prognosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD), but little is known about what CVD patients do when experiencing stress/anxiety. This study aimed to identify the behavioral strategies CVD patients use to regulate these emotions. Design: Instrumental and longitudinal. Methods: A theoretically-guided scale, the Stress and Anxiety

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives of the article Loss aversion bias, whereby losses loom larger than gains, can be reduced by stress. At the same time, vigorous physical exercise is a powerful neuroendocrine stressor and heart rate variability (HRV) provides an objective measure of the actual exercise impact, relative to each individual physical condition. Our aim was to study whether vigorous exercise

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: Although anxiety consists of multiple components, including cognitive, affective, motivational, and physiological, and some findings suggest that there might be differences regarding their control antecedents and effects on performance, previous studies have largely neglected to examine these components separately and for reasons of convenience often assessed test

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives Social interactions involving personal disclosures are ubiquitous in social life and have important relational implications. A large body of research has documented positive outcomes from fruitful social interactions with amicable individuals, but less is known about how self-disclosing interactions with inimical interaction partners impacts individuals. Design and

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives Cancer caregivers are at risk for experiencing health issues due to the stress of caregiving. Despite this, it is possible to prompt adaptive coping during the cancer experience. Adaptive coping is associated with improved health for caregiver populations. Forms of emotional disclosure are associated with caregiver reports of post-traumatic growth (PTG), which is

ABSTRACT Background How personality traits, anxiety, and depressive disorders relate longitudinally has implications for etiologic research and prevention. We sought to determine how neuroticism and extraversion relate to first-onset anxiety and depressive disorders in young adults. Design An inception cohort of 489 university freshmen was followed for 6 years. Method Participants self-reported personality

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives Individuals with social anxiety disorder show pronounced perceptual biases in social contexts, such as being hypervigilant to threat and discounting positive social cues. Parasympathetic activity influences responses to the social environment and may underlie these biases. This study examined the associations among social anxiety symptoms, heart rate variability (HRV)

ABSTRACT Background It has been well established that challenge and threat evaluations affect the performance of potentially stressful tasks. However, the factors that influence these evaluations have rarely been examined. Objective : This study examined the effects of ego depletion on challenge and threat evaluations during a public speaking task. Method : 262 participants (150 males, 112 females;

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives Media trauma in civilians is linked to intrusive imagery-based memory symptoms. We investigated whether mental imagery of the 9/11 terrorist attacks following media exposure is dampened by taxing working memory (WM). Methods Forty-five young adult UK residents, who were exposed to the 9/11 terrorist attacks as children via the media, identified a personally-relevant

ABSTRACT Background and objectives Emotional exhaustion is considered to be the key symptom of burnout. Although it has been defined that emotional exhaustion rather results from work-related experience than from other life domains, this has rarely been studied empirically. The study aimed to investigate the role of different life domains in predicting emotional exhaustion. More precisely, we examined

ABSTRACT Introduction There is a clear bi-directional link between stressful events and depressive symptoms in adolescence, but the directionality of this link for anxiety symptoms remains underexamined. We critically evaluate the longitudinal relationship between stressors and anxiety among youth. Specifically, we examine whether stressors predict anxiety symptoms over a 1.5-year period (stress causation)

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives Construct and discriminant validity of the ICD-11 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) has been examined worldwide. However, little is known about CPTSD in Korean population who are suffering with long-term responses of organized violence in their context. Design This study conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess the construct and discriminant

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives Socially anxious individuals often exhibit signs of anxiety that might elicit discomfort in others and negatively influence their interactions, due in part to emotional contagion. However, there is limited research examining the phenomenon of emotional contagion in social anxiety, which is the topic of the current study. Design and Methods An experimental design was

ABSTRACT Background One mechanism by which acute psychosocial stress effects health-related cognitions and behaviors is through changes in the level of mental abstraction when processing information. However, it is unclear whether levels of mental abstraction would be higher or lower after an acute psychosocial stressor. Objectives This research examined acute psychosocial stress’s impact on levels

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives Anxiety disorders are costly; however, the relationship with treatment outcome has been neglected. This study examined healthcare costs and quality of life by diagnostic status (treatment outcome and the presence of comorbidity) at long-term follow-up. Design and Methods This cohort study comprized 317 patients entering treatment for at least one Axis I anxiety disorder

ABSTRACT Background Perceived stress decreases memory performance and escalates the risk of developing cognitive impairment. Despite these concerning cognitive outcomes, longitudinal assessment of the relationship between perceived stress and memory complaints within a racially diverse sample remains scant. Method 391 cognitively intact older adults (M = 77.31, SD = 4.75) from the Einstein Aging Study

ABSTRACT Background: The appraisal of a stressor substantially influences how we adapt to it. We used an experimental paradigm to test and replicate the effects of threat appraisals on subsequent intrusive memories, as well as their moderation by neuroticism. Method: In three studies (total N = 562), participants were randomly assigned to an aversive or control video and then asked to report their

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: The incidence of novel coronavirus infection across the globe has been uneven, hitting some population subgroups harder than others. Media coverage has proffered explanations for this differential vulnerability, but psychosocial risk factors have been largely ignored. In contrast, multiple theories, medical and psychological, point to one psychosocial factor – stress

ABSTRACT Background: High job demands and low job resources may cause job strain and eventually result in burnout. However, previous research has generally ignored the roles of time and self-regulation. Objectives: This theoretical article synthesizes the literature to propose a multilevel model that delineates how acute job strain translates into enduring and severe job burnout. Methods: We integrate

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: The role of interpretation bias in generating and maintaining persecutory beliefs/paranoid ideation is becoming established in the literature, but how negative mood affects this relationship remains unclear. The current study investigated the mediating role of anxiety and depression in the association between interpretation bias and paranoia in patients with persistent

ABSTRACT Background: and Objectives: This research examined whether life meaning promotes resilience to stressor-related psychological distress and repetitive negative thinking. Design and Methods: Three studies (total N = 273) used cross-sectional (Study 1) and prospective (Studies 2 and 3) designs to assess the relation between life meaning and response to various stressors. Results: Results showed

ABSTRACT Background: Although ICD-11 adjustment (AjD), posttraumatic stress (PTSD) and complex posttraumatic stress (CPTSD) are commonly diagnosed disorders following exposure to stressful or traumatic life events, their dimensional structure and co-occurrence has never been tested in a single study. The present study explored the latent structure of AjD, PTSD, and CPTSD symptoms and their relationship

ABSTRACT Background and objectives: Cognitive–behavioral interventions have been shown to be effective treatments for test anxiety. Studies on school-aged populations, however, are lacking. Design and methods: In the present study we evaluated a six-session cognitive–behavioral intervention for test anxiety in a sample of secondary school students aged 14–16 years preparing for high-stakes examinations

ABSTRACT Background: Hormonal variation throughout the menstrual cycle influences physiological and psychological symptoms, although not for all women. Individual differences in health anxiety (HA) might help to explain the differences in physiological and psychological symptoms and perceived stress observed across women. Design: We examined the moderating role of HA in the relation between menstrual

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: Most individuals experience multiple potentially traumatizing events (PTEs); hence, it is important to consider count and types of PTEs (polytraumatization) in relation to post-trauma health. Notably, no research has examined polytraumatization typologies in relation to positive memory count and phenomenology. We examined (1) latent subgroupings of individuals based

ABSTRACT Background: Coping behavior is known to moderate the effect of stressors on depressive symptoms. Increased reassessing coping, that is, waiting patiently for an appropriate opportunity to handle a stressful relationship, as coping strategy for interpersonal stressors is associated with lower depressive symptoms. Objectives: We hypothesized that higher reassessing coping would be associated

Background and objectives: Coping and resilience, how we deal with problems and difficulties and recover from misfortune or change, are two well-known interrelated concepts within psychology. The question remains, however, to what extent the two overlap or differ. Design: The present study investigated coping, resilience and their relationship using cross-sectional network analysis. Participants (N = 502)

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: The mental health needs of those in internally displaced persons camps are significant and are compounded by a number of barriers to care. Traditional methods of mental health care are often not feasible and thus a need exists for interventions that can successfully meet these conditions. The current study introduces and tests a new positive-psychology intervention

ABSTRACT Background and objectives: Anxiety and depression are prevalent psychopathologies that affect twice as many women than men. Although the role of biological factors has been investigated, it has been argued that gender roles – defined by the feminine and masculine characteristics that society attributes to men and women – should also be considered. Gender roles are dynamic and shaped by life

ABSTRACT Background: Extant self-report measures of social anxiety primarily assess the breadth of social situations in which respondents feel anxious, rather than assessing severity in terms of the distress and impairment that individuals experience due to their social anxiety symptoms. This paper describes the development and validation of the Ryerson Social Anxiety Scales (RSAS; Rogojanski et al

ABSTRACT Background: Performing physical activity whilst exposed to nature can improve health. However, there is little evidence of its impact on stress outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of the visual exercise environment on the response to a psychosocial stressor. Methods: Eighteen participants were randomized to one of three conditions: i. nature; ii. built or; iii. control

ABSTRACT Background and objectives: This study investigated the efficacy of guided self-reflection to strengthen resilience in adults over 50 by exploring the effects of the training on mental health and positive emotional outcomes. Design: A nested clustered-randomized controlled trial was conducted to test the efficacy of the training. Measures occurred at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and

ABSTRACT Objectives: We develop and evaluate a Trans and Gender Diverse Social Anxiety Scale (TSAS) suitable for use with trans and gender diverse (TGD) people. Methods: We evaluate the TSAS on a sample of 171 TGD adults (40 transmen, 80 transwomen, and 51 gender nonbinary). We test the TSAS’s construct validity against measures of perceived and enacted anti-trans stigma, and in comparison to a generic

Background and Objectives: It is widely recognized that posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms, resulting from adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), have a myriad of detrimental effects on the wellbeing of sufferers. Yet the extent to which PTS symptoms mediate positive and negative outcomes is less well-known. This study, therefore, explored whether PTS symptoms indirectly explain avoidant personality

ABSTRACT Background: Exercise training has a history of alleviating anxiety in various populations, but research into its effects on prison inmates is limited. Confinement to prison is a highly distressing event for those who have never experienced incarceration, which can dramatically increase anxiety-related symptoms and may exacerbate suicidal risk. Methods: Thirty-seven first-time prisoners with

Background and Objectives: Individuals evaluate the demands and resources associated with a pressurized situation, which leads to distinct patterns of cardiovascular responses. While it is accepted that cognitive evaluations are updated throughout a pressurized situation, to date, cardiovascular markers have only been recorded immediately before, or averaged across, these situations. Thus, this study

Background: The current study examined whether test-related reassurance seeking is associated with lower scores on a high stakes, standardized test (i.e., the ACT) after controlling for academic performance in high school, and with spoiled answers (i.e., changing correct answers to incorrect) on a subsequent academic exam. Method: Students (N = 59) completed measures of test-related reassurance seeking

BACKGROUND The tendency to repetitively and intrusively think about a particular negative event, goal failure, or problem (i.e., goal-directed rumination) is generally associated with impairments in well-being, thus decreasing performance in solving this failure. However, rumination is also associated with higher levels of resources invested in problem solving, likely leading to an improvement in performance

BACKGROUND In this research, we examine the relationship between goal-directed rumination, psychological distress, and performance. Although previous research has largely contributed to our understanding of how these constructs are related, the direction of their relationships remains unclear. OBJECTIVES We argue that goal-directed rumination and psychological distress (conceived as perceived stress