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Laws and Ethics Related to Emotional Support Animals. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-09-16 Joshua D Carroll,Brian S Mohlenhoff,Charlie M Kersten,Dale E McNiel,Renée L Binder
The use of animals for therapeutic benefit is well-established. For example, for individuals with a disability such as blindness, trained service dogs can enhance the ability to live independently and participate fully in society. An emotional support animal (ESA) is an untrained animal that is used to support a person disabled by an emotional or mental disorder. For an animal to qualify as an ESA
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Ethics in the Time of Injustice. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-09-08 Richard Martinez,Philip Candilis
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Letters. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Erik Roskes
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Letters. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Tahir Rahman
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Reconciling Heart with Head in Forensic Psychiatry. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Kimberly S Resnick
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More on "The Role and Responsibilities of Psychiatry in 21st Century Warfare". Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Stephen N Xenakis
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Applying Collaborative Justice to Sexually Violent Predator Civil Commitment. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-07-17 Shoba Sreenivasan,Amy Hoffman,James Cahan,Allen Azizian,Linda E Weinberger
Sexually violent predator (SVP) statutes are unique in that these laws allow for the indefinite civil psychiatric commitment of sex offenders after their criminal sentences have been served. In addition to the high cost of psychiatric hospitalization, recently observed low base rates of sexual recidivism of sex offenders released from custody suggest that, in select SVP cases, a collaborative justice
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Connecticut's Experience with Sell Legislation. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-07-16 Michael A Norko,Mark S Cotterell,Tamika Hollis
Since 2004, Connecticut has had two different mechanisms for involuntary medication of defendants hospitalized for restoration of competence to stand trial. In this article, we first describe the development of these two mechanisms and compare their procedural elements. The first procedure required a hearing in criminal court, in a process parallel to the subsequent U.S. Supreme Court holding in Sell
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Dignity and Transcultural Forensic Consultation. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-07-16 Ezra E H Griffith,Newlands E Greenidge
We analyze and comment on a legal case (Edward Gatherer v. Drexel Gomez, 1989) from Barbados. We theorize that in this kind of case a forensic psychiatrist consultant could helpfully advise the principals regarding pitfalls to avoid in resolving their conflict. Use of the consultant has certain advantages over taking such disputes to courts of law. In this case the rector of an Anglican Church in Barbados
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Evaluating Competency for Execution after Madison v. Alabama. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-07-16 Alexander H Updegrove,Michael S Vaughn
This article summarizes the evolution of the U.S. Supreme Court's standard for assessing defendants' competency for execution. In Ford v. Wainwright (1986), the Court categorically exempted insane defendants from execution but failed to agree on how to define insanity. In Panetti v. Quarterman (2007), the Court ruled that defendants may be executed only if they rationally understand why they are being
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Violent Video Games in Forensic Psychiatric Hospitals. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-07-16 Tobias D Wasser,Rocksheng Zhong,Jeffrey Mufson,Ayala Danzig,Livja Koka,Reena Kapoor
Popular media and the lay public have long expressed concerns about the association between violent video games and violent behavior. The current scientific literature exploring this connection focuses primarily on the relationship between violent video games and aggression in healthy populations. We are unaware of prior publications exploring the effect of such games on aggression in institutional
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A Principles-Based Analysis of Change in Forensic Mental Health Assessment During a Global Pandemic. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-07-06 Kirk Heilbrun,Stephanie C Burke,Amanda NeMoyer,Kelley Durham,Alisha Desai
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Vicarious Trauma and PTSD in Forensic Mental Health Professionals. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-06-30 John M W Bradford,Giovana V de Amorim Levin
In their article about countertransference and vicarious trauma in work with sexual offenders, Barros and colleagues highlight the importance of awareness of risk for vicarious trauma in forensic psychiatrists and psychologists. This commentary supports the need for more research related to the risk of vicarious trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in forensic experts. Also, forensic mental
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Forensic Psychiatry versus the Varieties of Delusion-Like Belief. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-06-11 Joseph M Pierre
The available categorical constructs within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, do not allow forensic psychiatrists to distinguish easily between the varieties of delusion-like belief. This dilemma is especially challenging when seemingly delusional beliefs are shared online. Although the term "extreme overvalued belief" has been proposed to aid with such distinctions
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A Personal Reflection on Psychiatrists and Homicidal Threats. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 Gautam Gulati
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Neuropsychiatric Reflections on Madison v. Alabama. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 Manish A Fozdar
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The Pedophilia and Orientation Debate and Its Implications for Forensic Psychiatry. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 J Paul Fedoroff
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Bestiality Among Sexually Violent Predators. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-05-14 Brian Holoyda,Ravipreet Gosal,K Michelle Welch
Bestiality, or sexual contact between humans and nonhuman animals, is a poorly understood aspect of sexual behavior. There is a dearth of scientific research on the prevalence of bestiality, the motivations for individuals to engage in the behavior, and the risk that such individuals pose for interpersonal sexual and nonsexual violence. This study is a descriptive analysis of bestiality in all individuals
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Extreme Overvalued Beliefs. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-05-14 Tahir Rahman,Sarah M Hartz,Willa Xiong,J Reid Meloy,Jeffrey Janofsky,Bruce Harry,Phillip J Resnick
An extreme overvalued belief is shared by others in a person's cultural, religious, or subcultural group. The belief is often relished, amplified, and defended by the possessor of the belief and should be differentiated from a delusion or obsession. Over time, the belief grows more dominant, more refined, and more resistant to challenge. The individual has an intense emotional commitment to the belief
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Panel Bias During Sexual Assault Courts-Martial. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-05-14 Karl Umbrasas
This article examines criticism from the scholarly community and findings from the military's Judicial Proceedings Panel that training in the U.S. Department of Defense Sexual Assault Prevention and Response program biases panel members during courts-martial. The topic is examined from the perspective of psychological science. Studies on jury bias, stereotypes, decision-making dynamics, and behavioral
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Ethics Implications of the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Violence Risk Assessment. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-05-14 Richard G Cockerill
Artificial intelligence is rapidly transforming the landscape of medicine. Specifically, algorithms powered by deep learning are already gaining increasingly wide adoption in fields such as radiology, pathology, and preventive medicine. Forensic psychiatry is a complex and intricate specialty that seeks to balance the disparate approaches of psychiatric science, which strives to explain human behavior
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The Realities of Pregnancy and Mothering While Incarcerated. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-05-13 Susan Hatters Friedman,Aimee Kaempf,Sarah Kauffman
Women of reproductive age may experience pregnancy and mothering in a correctional environment designed for men. Rates of incarceration for women in the United States are high by international standards, and they continue to rise. Mothers were often single mothers prior to incarceration, and they are often separated from their children for the first time upon entering prison. Pregnancy, delivery, lactation
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Arsenic, Familicide, and Female Physiology in Nineteenth-Century America. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-05-13 Kenneth J Weiss
Sarah Jane Whiteling was accused of fatally poisoning her husband and two children in Philadelphia in 1888. The case prompted public outrage over the appearance that Ms. Whiteling's motive was to collect life insurance. It was evident, however, that she was disturbed, raising a question of culpability. Dr. Alice Bennett, the first female physician in charge of an asylum, provided the defense with expert
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Psychosocial and Mental Health Characteristics of RePresent Game Users. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-05-13 Jack Tsai,Minda Huang,Billy Huang,Kathleen Daniels,Casper Harteveld,Dan Jackson
The RePresent games are online video games that are publicly available and designed to educate people about legal self-representation in civil court. This study was part of a project to examine use of the RePresent games in Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, and New Hampshire from January 2018 to May 2018. Data on game use across the four states were analyzed, and an online survey was conducted to
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Caffeine-Induced Psychosis and a Review of Statutory Approaches to Involuntary Intoxication. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-05-13 John K Hearn,Thea Reiff,Anne B McBride,Michael B Kelly
Caffeine is the most commonly ingested psychoactive substance in the world. Although caffeine-use disorder is not recognized as a formal diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, five disorders related to caffeine use are enumerated therein. An evolving literature suggests that caffeine is one of many licit substances that may cause psychotic symptoms in
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Countertransference, Defense Mechanisms, and Vicarious Trauma in Work With Sexual Offenders. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-05-13 Alcina J S Barros,Stefania P Teche,Carolina Padoan,Pricilla Laskoski,Simone Hauck,Claudio L Eizirik
This study aimed to examine the associations between countertransference induced by sex offenders, defense mechanisms, and manifestations of vicarious trauma in forensic psychiatrists and psychologists. A cross-sectional study using a mixed-methods design was performed with 56 Brazilian forensic psychiatrists and psychologists from October 2016 to May 2017. Countertransference, defense mechanisms,
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A Duty to Protect Our Patients from Physician Sexual Misconduct. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-05-11 Chinmoy Gulrajani
In this issue of The Journal, MacIntyre and Appel have reviewed state laws and medical boards' policies to ascertain which states require reporting of sexually exploitive psychiatrists, specifically when the patient reveals the exploitation during treatment. They highlight the competing ethics duties faced by physicians who are in a position to report such conduct and provide guidance for future development
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COVID-19 and the Duty to Protect from Communicable Diseases. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-05-08 Elias Ghossoub,William J Newman
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Misuse of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Diagnosis in Sexually Violent Predator Cases. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-05-08 Allen Frances
Supreme Court rulings supporting the constitutionality of sexually violent predator (SVP) statutes require that evaluators determine whether the rapist has a mental disorder (which justifies psychiatric commitment) or is just a common criminal (who cannot be preventively detained psychiatrically), but they offer no guidelines on making this crucial distinction. Until recently, state evaluators ignored
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Acquittal by Reason of Insanity Is a Positive Outcome for Defendants Who Cannot Be Restored. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-04-22 Joy Stankowski
Bloom and Kirkorsky discuss three models of special commitment procedures in use today in California, Oregon, and Ohio, regarding the management of individuals found incompetent to stand trial, not restorable (IST/NR) and considered dangerous. They suggest that a fourth model, one merging the population of dangerous IST/NR individuals into the system of insanity acquittees, would offer this group the
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Our Thanks To Reviewers. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-03-01 Michael A Norko,Susan Hatters Friedman,Jacquelyn T Coleman
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LETTERS. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-03-01 Liza Gold
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Lessons Learned from a Mother. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-03-01 Ronil S Shah
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The Case for Progress in Forensic Psychiatry. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-03-01 Graham D Glancy
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Drug Formularies in Correctional Settings. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-03-01 Nathaniel P Morris,Matthew E Hirschtritt,Anthony C Tamburello
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Case Law Considerations in the Use of ASPD in SVP/SDP Evaluations. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-02-20 Shoba Sreenivasan,James Rokop,Melinda DiCiro,Jeremy Colley,Linda E Weinberger
The use of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) as a qualifying mental disorder for a sexually violent predator (SVP) or a sexually dangerous person (SDP) commitment continues to arouse controversy. Two common questions arise. Is ASPD considered a qualifying mental disorder in statutory or case law definitions? Can ASPD be the sole qualifying mental disorder? We review case law for guidance as to
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Effectiveness of the Miranda Acquiescence Questionnaire for Investigating Impaired Miranda Reasoning. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-02-12 Richard Rogers,Tanveer Otal,Eric Y Drogin,Brittney M Dean
The capacity of arrestees to comprehend their Miranda rights adequately and to waive them intelligently remains largely unexamined by most defense attorneys and forensic practitioners. Although much is now known about Miranda comprehension, only recently has forensic research emerged on Miranda reasoning. This archival study utilizes an extensive dataset of 847 pretrial detainees who were administered
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Incompetent to Stand Trial, Not Restorable, and Dangerous. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-02-12 Joseph D Bloom,Scott E Kirkorsky
This article focuses on the preferred disposition for an individual charged with a serious crime against another person, adjudicated incompetent to stand trial and not restorable to competence, whose original criminal charges are dismissed without prejudice, and who is regarded by the state as dangerous to the general public. Three current models used today in California, Oregon, and Ohio are described
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Misconceptions About Working in Correctional Psychiatry. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-02-12 Nathaniel P Morris,Sara G West
Incarcerated individuals have high rates of mental disorders and substance use disorders compared with the general population, yet correctional facilities in the United States have difficulty recruiting mental health professionals. This has led to shortages in the availability of clinicians who can provide psychiatric care in these settings. During training and in practice, mental health professionals
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Neurocognitive Function and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder in Offenders with Mental Disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-02-12 Mansfield Mela,Katherine Flannigan,Tara Anderson,Monty Nelson,Sudheej Krishnan,Chibuike Chizea,Sarah Takahashi,Rohan Sanjanwala
Individuals with a history of offending behavior show high rates of mental disorder as well as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Neurocognitive impairments are common in both mental disorders and FASD and may interface with offending behavior. Understanding these impairments could effectively inform clinical considerations among this population. The purpose of this study was to characterize the
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Legal and Ethics Considerations in Reporting Sexual Exploitation by Previous Providers. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-02-12 Michael R MacIntyre,Jacob M Appel
When a patient reports a sexual relationship with a prior provider during treatment, a psychiatrist or therapist must balance conflicting ethics principles of autonomy, confidentiality, and social justice in deciding whether to report this behavior to the proper authority. Many states have statutes regarding such reporting that are unclear or ambiguous; others lack laws entirely. We surveyed state
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Clinician Perceptions of Implementing the Cultural Formulation Interview on a Mixed Forensic Unit. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-02-12 Neil K Aggarwal,Peter Lam,Samantha Diaz,Amanda G Cruz,Roberto Lewis-Fernández
The use of the Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI), a 16-item, semistructured, patient cultural assessment, in a forensic mental health setting has not been examined. Using a mixed-methods approach, we performed a pilot test of the CFI in an inpatient service that treats both forensic and nonforensic adult patients. Clinicians' attitudes toward adoption of the CFI was assessed quantitatively with
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Criminal Recidivism in Inmates with Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-02-12 Kristen M Zgoba,Rusty Reeves,Anthony Tamburello,Lisa Debilio
The relative contributions of mental illness and substance use disorders to criminal recidivism have important clinical and policy implications. This study reviewed 36 months of postrelease data for nearly 10,000 New Jersey state inmates released in 2013 to ascertain the rearrest rate of those diagnosed with mental illness, substance use disorders, both, or neither. We also examined whether certain
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A Continuum of Competency Restoration Services Need Not Include Jail. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-02-11 Reena Kapoor
Competency restoration in jails has grown steadily over the past decade, driven primarily by cost considerations and long wait times for inpatient restoration programs. Although jail-based programs may offer an attractive temporary solution to the shortage of beds, a longer-term solution involves enhancing the continuum of competency restoration services available outside of the correctional system
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Domestic Violence, Firearms, and Mass Shootings. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-02-05 Liza H Gold
The strong association between firearms, domestic violence (particularly intimate partner homicide), and additional victimization suggests that prioritization of measures to decrease access to firearms to perpetrators of domestic violence may also reduce the incidence of mass shootings. The majority of mass shootings are associated with domestic violence. The current study by Kivisto and Porter examines
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Pakistan's Blasphemy Laws and the Role of Forensic Psychiatrists. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-01-24 Adnan Ahmed,Chinmoy Gulrajani
Humans have been persecuted for the crime of blasphemy since biblical times. Today, about one quarter of the world's countries and territories, most of them Muslim-majority nations, still have anti-blasphemy laws. Pakistan is among the countries where blasphemy is punishable by death. In many instances, the accused are killed by mobs before legal proceedings even begin. Often, it is people with mental
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Term-of-Years Sentences Since Miller v. Alabama. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-01-24 Jennifer L Piel
Since the landmark case of Roper v. Simmons in 2005, the U.S. Supreme Court has ruled in a series of cases on sentencing for juvenile criminal offenders. Emphasizing that children are different for the purposes of criminal punishment, the Court has incrementally held that it violates the Eighth Amendment's prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment to impose death or life without parole for most
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Examining the Past and Advocating for the Future of Forensic Psychiatry Training. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-01-16 Richard L Frierson
The American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (AAPL) has been devoted to the teaching of forensic psychiatry, and as AAPL celebrates its 50th Anniversary, it seems fitting to examine the history and the current status of forensic psychiatry teaching in general psychiatry residencies and forensic psychiatry fellowships. After a brief review of the history of AAPL and forensic psychiatry training, this
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The Psychedelic Renaissance and Its Forensic Implications. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2020-01-16 Brian Holoyda
Recent years have seen a renaissance of research into the use of psychedelic compounds to address various psychiatric conditions. The study of these substances went dormant in 1970 when the United States government passed the Controlled Substances Act, which categorized lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly known as LSD or acid, as a Schedule I drug. The rise of psychedelics in research settings raises
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A Review of the Prevalence of Psychosis in Sexual Homicide. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2019-11-21 Austin A Lam,Stephanie R Penney,Alexander I F Simpson
Despite a growing body of research on the association between psychosis and homicide and between psychosis and sexual offending, research on psychosis and sexual homicide is limited. The objective of this review was to estimate the prevalence of psychosis in sexual homicide and to explore the extent to which prior research has investigated symptoms of psychosis as a motivating or causal variable leading
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A Jail-Based Competency Restoration Unit as a Component of a Continuum of Restoration Services. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2019-11-21 Peter Ash,Victoria C Roberts,Glenn J Egan,Kelly L Coffman,Tomina J Schwenke,Karen Bailey
This study reports on restoration outcomes of a sample of pretrial defendants (n = 877, 69% male) who were found incompetent to stand trial and underwent restoration services in a large urban county. Each male defendant was initially assigned to restoration in one of four settings on a continuum of services of varying intensity (ie, outpatient, jail general population, dedicated jail-based restoration
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Psychiatry and Fitness to Fly After Germanwings. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2019-11-21 Harold M Pinsky,Jeffrey Guina,Michael Berry,Charles Chesanow,Debra A Pinals
In March 2015, a co-pilot flying Germanwings Flight 9525 deliberately pointed his airplane into a descent, killing himself, five other crew members, and 144 passengers. Subsequent investigation and review teams examined the incident and considered potential lessons to maximize air safety. In this article, aviation industry clinical leaders, including the U.S. Federal Air Surgeon and Chief Psychiatrist
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Firearm Use Increases Risk of Multiple Victims in Domestic Homicides. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2019-11-21 Aaron J Kivisto,Megan Porter
Domestic homicides account for more than one in four homicides in the United States and frequently involve multiple victims. This study examined the prevalence of firearm use in domestic homicides in the United States and the associated risk of a multiple homicide event. We used weighted negative binomial regression to model the effects of firearm use on the number of additional victims in domestic
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Teaching Forensic Concepts to Residents Using Interactive Online Modules. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2019-11-21 Tobias D Wasser,Jason Hu,Ayala Danzig,Stephanie Yarnell-MacGrory,Juan Rodriguez Guzman,Katherine Michaelsen
Psychiatrists without specialty forensic training routinely encounter forensic questions and treat justice-involved patients, which underscores the importance of adequate forensic training in general psychiatry residency. Some programs may face challenges providing adequate forensic instruction due to a lack of local forensic psychiatrists or other forensic resources. Novel training approaches are
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The Need for a Structured Approach to Violence Risk Assessment in Autism. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2019-11-19 Alexander Westphal,Clare Allely
The relationship between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and violence is poorly understood. Several violence risk factors are either modified by or are unique to ASD; clinicians conducting violence risk assessment of people with ASD must consider these factors. An ASD-specific risk assessment tool is clearly needed. In the absence of this, clinicians often use risk assessment tools designed for other
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What Research on Crisis Intervention Teams Tells Us and What We Need to Ask. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2019-11-01 Amy C Watson,Michael T Compton
Developed over 30 years ago, the Crisis Intervention Team model is arguably the most well-known approach to improve police response to individuals experiencing mental health crisis. In this article, we comment on Rogers and colleagues' review (in this issue) of the CIT research base and elaborate on the current state of the evidence. We argue that CIT can be considered evidence based for officer level
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Assessing the Risk of Inpatient Violence in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2019-09-25 Alessandra Girardi,Ella Hancock-Johnson,Carlo Thomas,Paul M Wallang
The Historical Clinical and Risk Management scale (HCR-20) is a structured clinical judgment tool used to assess risk of violence in secure settings. But the scale does not account for difficulties typical of patients with autism spectrum disorder, which are thought to contribute to their engagement in violent behaviors. The present study is a preliminary investigation of the association between risk
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Effectiveness of Police Crisis Intervention Training Programs. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2019-09-24 Michael S Rogers,Dale E McNiel,Renée L Binder
Approximately 1,000 people in the United States were fatally shot by police officers during 2018, and people with mental illness were involved in approximately 25 percent of those fatalities. Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) training is a specialized police curriculum that aims to reduce the risk of serious injury or death during an emergency interaction between persons with mental illness and police
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Long-Acting Injectable versus Oral Antipsychotics for Restoration of Competency to Stand Trial. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2019-09-18 Elias Ghossoub,Susan Minchin,Davinder Hayreh,William J Newman
Treatment with antipsychotics is a mainstay of trial competency restoration, particularly given that most defendants deemed incompetent to stand trial have psychotic illnesses. We explored the association between competency restoration and antipsychotic type in a retrospective sample of defendants diagnosed with psychotic disorders and deemed incompetent to stand trial. Using regression models, we
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Passive Monitoring of Mental Health Status in the Criminal Forensic Population. Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law (IF 1.191) Pub Date : 2019-09-18 Kimberly S Resnick,Paul S Appelbaum
Current approaches to monitoring patients' mental status rely heavily on self-reported symptomatology, clinician observation, and self-rated symptom scales. The limitations inherent in these methodologies have implications for the accuracy of diagnosis, treatment planning, and prognosis. Certain populations are particularly affected by these limitations because of their unique situations, including