Abstract Objective Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an established risk factor for developing alcohol use disorder (AUD), and AUD-ADHD comorbidity is associated with additional psychiatric diagnoses. Several lines of evidence support the role of impulsivity as a pathway of these relationships; however, impulsivity is not a unitary construct. Thus, we sought to explore whether separate

Abstract Objective This multicenter, parallel randomized, open study examined the effect of using vouchers and session reminders as an added element to outpatient treatment for drug use disorders in youth. It was hypothesized that being randomly assigned to a contingency management condition would lead to a reduction of psychiatric symptoms, and that this reduction would be mediated through abstinence

Abstract Objective Tobacco smoking is a major driver of premature mortality in people with serious mental illness (SMI; e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder). This systematic literature review described randomized control trials of psychosocial smoking cessation interventions for people with SMI, rated their methodological rigor, evaluated the inclusion of racial/ethnic and sexual/gender minorities

Abstract Objectives Young adults have the highest rates of substance use of any age group. Although men historically have higher rates of substance use disorders (SUDs) than women, research shows this gender gap is narrowing. Young adults with comorbid psychiatric disorders are at increased risk for developing a SUD. Co-occurring psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, eating and post-traumatic

Abstract Objective Previous research has demonstrated the effectiveness of both extended-release injectable naltrexone (XR-NTX) and buprenorphine/naloxone (BUP-NX) in the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD). However, studies using real-world samples with multiple medical and psychiatric comorbidities are lacking. The study’s primary aims were to: (1) compare clinical presentations in an inclusive

(2021). In Memory of Alan I. Green. Journal of Dual Diagnosis: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 99-100.

Abstract Objective Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a significant problem among US veterans with increasing rates of OUD and overdose, and thus has substantial importance for service delivery within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Among individuals with OUD, several sex- specific differences have begun to emerge regarding co-occurring medical, psychiatric and pain-related diagnoses. The rates

Abstract Objective Cannabis and synthetic cannabinoids (SC) are related to several neuropsychiatric symptoms and disorders, especially psychotic symptoms and disorders. Interestingly, catatonia-like symptoms associated with cannabis and SC have been generally neglected in research and scarcely described despite the clinical repercussions. Hence, this review aims to analyze current clinical publications

Abstract Objective The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a great challenge for the existing health systems. The restrictions imposed across countries on the movement of people and the realignment of health care services in response to the pandemic are likely to negatively affect the health status and delivery of mental health services to persons with dual disorders (PWDD). Methods: An online survey was conducted

Abstract Mobile mental health apps can help bridge gaps in access to care for those with substance use disorders and dual diagnoses. The authors describe a portfolio of free, publicly available mobile mental health apps developed by the National Center for PTSD. The authors also demonstrate how this suite of primarily non-substance use disorder-specific mobile mental health apps may support the active

Abstract Objectives Comorbid needs of people attending substance use treatment has been well documented although there is an assumption of heterogeneity in the treated population. This study utilized hierarchical cluster analysis to explore the extent and nature of client segments within the treated population. Methods: A retrospective review of comorbid health and social needs of a random sample of

(2021). A Tribute to Alan I. Green, MD, Former Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Dual Diagnosis. Journal of Dual Diagnosis: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 95-95.

(2021). Generative and Generous. Journal of Dual Diagnosis: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 98-98.

(2021). In Memoriam—Alan Ivan Green, MD (1943–2020) Journal of Dual Diagnosis: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 96-97.

Abstract Objective Substance abuse is common among patients with schizophrenia, is related to worse course and outcome of illness. Unfortunately, little is known about how substance abuse affects the cognitive function of schizophrenia patients, whose cognitive function is often already comprised. Neurocognitive functioning includes inhibition control and decision-making, and both schizophrenia and

Abstract Objective Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and hazardous alcohol use are prevalent among trauma survivors. Despite higher rates of both PTSD and hazardous alcohol use among military combat veterans than civilians, scant research has examined whether military combat experience is associated with drinking alcohol to cope with PTSD symptoms. This study tested the hypothesis that compared

Abstract Objective Change talk, or client language that is consistent with making a behavioral change, has been found to improve the efficacy of motivational interviewing (MI). It is not known, however, if change talk helps to explain MI’s effect on instigating a quit attempt in smokers with serious mental illness. Methods: We measured change talk in smokers with a serious mental illness (SMI) randomized

(2021). Journal of Dual Diagnosis: Highlights from the 2020 Issues. Journal of Dual Diagnosis: Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 1-2.

(2021). Reviewers for Journal of Dual Diagnosis. Journal of Dual Diagnosis: Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 3-3.

Abstract Objective Smoking is among the greatest international public health concerns, causing excessive levels of preventable premature death, disability, and economic costs. The prevalence of tobacco use among people with psychiatric disorders (PDs) remains persistently high relative to the general population, highlighting the need to improve smoking cessation (SC) strategies in this group. We aimed

Abstract Objectives The Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system is one of the main providers of substance use treatment within the United States, and many veterans with a substance use disorder (SUD) present with co-occurring diagnoses or other concerns. Though there has been increasing recognition of the need for integration of treatments for SUD and comorbid mental illness, there have been limited

(2021). Reviewers for Journal of Dual Diagnosis. Journal of Dual Diagnosis. Ahead of Print.

Abstract Objective Substance abuse comorbidity is highly prevalent and is linked to detrimental outcomes in individuals with psychotic disorder, but the role of personality traits as the underlying mechanism is being increasingly underscored. This study aimed to profile temperamental risks of comorbid substance use disorder in psychotic disorders by performing meta-analyses on personality trait differences

OBJECTIVE Substance abuse comorbidity is highly prevalent and is linked to detrimental outcomes in individuals with psychotic disorder, but the role of personality traits as the underlying mechanism is being increasingly underscored. This study aimed to profile temperamental risks of comorbid substance use disorder in psychotic disorders by performing meta-analyses on personality trait differences

(2021). Journal of Dual Diagnosis: Highlights from the 2020 Issues. Journal of Dual Diagnosis. Ahead of Print.

OBJECTIVE Firefighters represent a distinct group of first responders that are at heightened risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Assessing the role of transdiagnostic factors that underlie PTSD-AUD associations can inform specialized interventions among this population. This study included urban firefighters (N = 657) with probable PTSD-AUD (n = 27)

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of alcohol or non-alcohol substance use dual diagnosis among inpatients with severe mental illness in a psychiatric institution in Malaysia. In addition, this study aimed to determine adverse outcomes between dual diagnosis versus single diagnosis. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the inpatient ward using

Abstract Objectives Cocaine use is on the rise and it is comorbid with marijuana use. We examined the association between lifetime cocaine + marijuana polysubstance use (CM PSU) versus cocaine only and lifetime cocaine use disorder (CocUD) and examined the potential mediation by cocaine use patterns. Methods A total of 2,968 lifetime cocaine users were identified from the National Epidemiologic Survey

OBJECTIVES Cocaine use is on the rise and it is comorbid with marijuana use. We examined the association between lifetime cocaine + marijuana polysubstance use (CM PSU) versus cocaine only and lifetime cocaine use disorder (CocUD) and examined the potential mediation by cocaine use patterns. METHODS A total of 2,968 lifetime cocaine users were identified from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol

OBJECTIVE Anxiety sensitivity, distress tolerance, and emotion regulation difficulties have each demonstrated significant individual associations with problematic alcohol use and negative reinforcement motives for alcohol use among college students. However, extant research has yet to examine these three factors simultaneously with regard to the possibility of differential associations with alcohol

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the evidence for impaired executive functioning in patients diagnosed with a dual pathology of personality disorder (PD) and substance use disorder, and to identify whether differences exist in comparison to those with a single diagnosis. Methods: A systematic search was conducted to identify studies using measures of executive functioning

OBJECTIVE Substance use disorders are commonly comorbid with anxiety and depressive disorders and are associated with poor treatment outcomes. The mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear-one possibility is that patients with anxiety/depressive disorders and substance use disorders receive poorer treatment. Concerns have been raised about the quality of inpatient care received by patients

Abstract Objectives Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a problem of growing importance among female veterans, which is especially challenging when accompanied by comorbid substance use disorder (SUD). Since women are still a small minority of Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients, there is concern that outcomes among dually diagnosed women may be worse than among men. Method National program

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to examine health, demographic, and service utilization characteristics of veterans with multimorbid tobacco use disorder (TUD) and morbid obesity compared to those with either condition alone. Methods: Health record data were extracted from the computerized patient record system of the Veterans Health Administration (VHA; October 1, 2011 to September 30

Objective The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the unique explanatory role of cannabis use motives above the effects of each other, for the relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptomatology and different aspects of cannabis misuse among young adults. The transitional years of young adulthood are characterized by new opportunities for experimentation as well as novel external

Objective Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the US. Screening has decreased CRC mortality. However, disadvantaged patients, particularly those with mental illness or substance use disorder (SUD), are less likely to be screened. The aim of this trial was to evaluate the impact of a patient navigation program on CRC screening in patients with mental illness and/or

Abstract Objective To determine the prevalence of self-induced vomiting (SIV) in a sample of patients with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), and to explore whether such behavior is associated with a comorbid eating disorder psychopathology and other clinical symptomatology, such as impulsivity. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at the Alcohol Rehabilitation Unit at Stikland

Abstract Objective The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the unique explanatory role of cannabis use motives above the effects of each other, for the relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptomatology and different aspects of cannabis misuse among young adults. The transitional years of young adulthood are characterized by new opportunities for experimentation as well as novel

Abstract Objective Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the US. Screening has decreased CRC mortality. However, disadvantaged patients, particularly those with mental illness or substance use disorder (SUD), are less likely to be screened. The aim of this trial was to evaluate the impact of a patient navigation program on CRC screening in patients with mental illness

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility and acceptability of a multi-component mobile contingency management (CM) pilot intervention for smoking cessation for people with schizophrenia. Methods: This intervention included mobile CM (i.e., monetary compensation for bioverification of abstinence through using a phone app), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT),

Abstract Objectives Technology-assisted treatment (TAT) holds promise for innovative assessment, prevention, and treatment of substance use disorders (SUD). The widespread access to TAT makes it a potentially cost-effective and inventive option available for delivery in multiple settings. This study assessed acceptability of the web-based Therapeutic Education System (TES) in hospitalized dual diagnosis

Abstract Objective Rhabdomyolysis is associated with methamphetamine, amphetamine, and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MA) use. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency, severity, and risk factors of rhabdomyolysis associated with MA use. Methods: We reviewed patients with an MA-positive toxicology screen with and without diagnosed rhabdomyolysis based on initial creatine kinase (CK) concentration

Abstract Objective The objective of the study was to investigate whether a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; full or partial) or specific PTSD symptom clusters predicted failure in quitting smoking in a trauma-exposed population. Methods: Participants were 310 smokers who attempted quitting smoking, either successfully (quitters, n = 213) or not (relapsers, n = 97), who lived in slums

Abstract Objective: The high prevalence of alcohol/substance use among individuals with psychiatric disorders elucidates the import of investigations into associations between types and severity of psychiatric symptoms and alcohol/substance use. This study examined the likelihood of alcohol use disorder and substance use among individuals with varying depression and anxiety symptoms and severity thereof

Abstract Objectives: This cross-sectional study explored personality traits of individuals receiving treatment in a private clinic for an eating disorder (ED) compared to those receiving treatment for a dual diagnosis (DD; defined as an addiction to illegal drugs and/or alcohol along with a mental illness, in this case an ED). The aims of this study were to: (a) assess the personality profiles and

Abstract Objective: Ethnic minorities report different levels of drinking and smoking and higher rates of depression compared to native populations. In this study we aimed to investigate in six ethnic groups whether tobacco and alcohol use were associated with depressive symptoms, which are more prevalent in ethnic minorities. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the multi-ethnic Healthy Life in an Urban

Abstract Objective: Alcohol use and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are an increasing concern among veterans, particularly those from recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. The study of biomarkers in alcohol use and AUD has moved to enhancing the understanding of the development and maintenance of AUDs, as well as investigating its association with clinical severity and potential predictors of treatment

Abstract Objective: Approaches for effectively treating smoking in those with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and with major depressive disorder (MDD) could be improved by identifying motivational processes underlying their tobacco dependence. The goal of this study was to identify the motivational processes influencing smoking dependence among smokers with PTSD and with MDD relative to non-diagnosed

Abstract Objective: Several challenges have been identified for patients with concurrent disorders and the providers that care for them, contributing to a pressing need for interventions to improve outcomes, particularly within inpatient mental health settings. Methods: A systematic search of peer-reviewed literature was conducted using four online databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE (Ovid), PsycInfo and Web

Abstract Objective: This case series describes and illustrates the effective use of a trauma-informed approach, GLAPE, to provide drug screens for individuals in substance use treatment programs. The GLAPE approach recognizes that individuals who have experienced traumatic events and are recovering from substance use difficulties may also face unique challenges when engaging in mental health treatment

Abstract Objective: The co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) is common. Individuals with PTSD/AUD commonly drink to cope with PTSD symptoms, which maintains PTSD/AUD, and may result in increased craving for alcohol. Negative affect is implicated in negative reinforcement models of craving. Further, Emotional Processing Theory posits that posttraumatic

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to assess the validity of the psychiatric problems subscale of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI-psych) to ascertain psychiatric comorbidity among individuals participating in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of substance use disorder (SUD) treatments. Methods: The ASI-psych score among 1,660 RCT participants of National Institute of Drug Abuse Clinical Trials

Abstract Objective: Depression is the most common psychiatric comorbidity among people with opioid use disorders (OUDs). However, whether and how comorbid depression is associated with the outcomes of opioid agonist therapy (OAT) remains poorly understood. The objective of this review was to identify and describe the association between depression and main outcomes (opioid use and treatment retention)

Abstract Objective: Extrapyramidal side-effects (EPSE) are frequent in patients treated with antipsychotics and comorbid substance use disorders (SUDs). Methamphetamine has been shown to act as a dopaminergic neurotoxin. We aimed to determine whether EPSE occur more often in patients with psychotic disorders and co-occurring methamphetamine (MA) use disorders, and we examined the relationship between

Abstract Objectives: Individuals with psychotic symptoms presenting to emergency psychiatry often have comorbid symptoms, such as substance misuse, depression, and anxiety. Many will also have symptoms linked to previous traumatic experiences such as impulsivity, often found in comorbid personality disorders. Although various studies have looked at specific comorbid symptoms, little is known regarding

The papers in this Special Issue address important questions surrounding the medicinal use of cannabis by reviewing the literature on (1) the impact of cannabis on neurocognition across the lifespan, (2) the therapeutic potential of cannabis, and (3) putative harms associated with cannabis use. In the last few years, record numbers of Americans continue to support the legalization of cannabis, with

Abstract Objectives: Physical health conditions cause significant disability and mortality among people living with alcohol and other drug problems. There has been limited research on the prevalence of health problems among clinical samples of people with substance use disorders, particularly among those in residential treatment. Yet residential settings provide unique opportunity for responding to

Abstract Objective: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a notable concern in the United States (US) and strongly associated with mortality. There is a high prevalence of OUD in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the mortality associated with OUD may be exacerbated in patients with PTSD. Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for OUD has become standard of care for OUD and has been shown to

Abstract Objective: Dual diagnosis (DD) is the co-occurrence of at least one substance use disorder and one or more mental disorders in a given individual. Despite this comorbidity being highly prevalent and associated with adverse clinical outcomes, its neurobiology remains unclear. Furthermore, patients with DD are at higher risk for suicidal behavior in comparison with single disorder patients.

Abstract Objective: Patients with a combination of chronic pain and opioid use disorder have unique needs and may present a challenge for clinicians and health care systems. The objective of the present study was to use qualitative methods to explore factors influencing the uptake of best practices for co-occurring chronic pain and opioid use disorder in order to inform a quantitative survey assessing