The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of oral vs. long-acting injectables (LAIs) antipsychotics, as well as, to compare the effectiveness of different LAI antipsychotics [aripiprazole-1-month, paliperidone-1-month (PP1M), paliperidone-3-month (PP3M) and risperidone long-acting injectable (RLAI)] in patients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD), by evaluating the following

The aim of the study was to conduct a multicenter randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical study to evaluate the efficacy of a generic form of escitalopram in treating major depressive disorder (MDD). A total of 390 MDD patients admitted to hospitals in six cities in China were randomized to receive the generic version of escitalopram, the proprietary form of escitalopram (Lexapro) or

In a previous study, dasotraline demonstrated efficacy at a dose of 8 mg/day in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dasotraline in doses of 4 and 6 mg/day. Adults meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition criteria for ADHD were randomized to 8 weeks of double-blind, once-daily

Poststroke depression (PSD) is the most frequent complication after stroke. Statin is a widely used prophylactic for stroke. However, some researchers reported that poststroke statin may lead to a depressive change in stroke patients. We aimed to study the effect of different statin medication timing especially prestroke timing on PSD to adopt appropriate intervention around stroke. Patients with first-ever

Nonadherence to medication regimens is frequently reported in bipolar I disorder (BDI) patients. However, little is known about the relationship between cognitive functions and adherence in BDI. To establish possible associations between medication adherence and cognitive function in patients with BDI. A total of 110 inpatients with BDI were subjected to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV

In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, we assessed the efficacy and safety of pentoxifylline combination therapy with sertraline in treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). A total of 56 patients with MDD were assigned into two parallel groups to receive sertraline (100 mg/day) plus placebo or sertraline (100 mg/day) plus pentoxifylline (400 mg three times daily)

Clozapine-induced constipation is a frequently overlooked side effect that can prove fatal. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of constipation and the breakdown of laxatives, and to identify whether use of laxative may be predicted by demographics or baseline metabolic markers in 53 Japanese treatment-resistant schizophrenia inpatients switched to clozapine. Differences of present age,

Prolonged stress has been associated with elevated levels of circulating proinflammatory cytokines. Cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors such as celecoxib exert anti-inflammatory effects and may enhance the response to antidepressant drug treatment in patients with depressive disorders, but their effect on anxiety symptoms in patients with anxiety disorders is uncertain.

The aim of the study was to examine the effectiveness and safety of cariprazine in routine psychiatric settings on schizophrenia patients with negative symptoms who have been treated with antipsychotics previously but without sufficient success. This was an open-label, flexible-dose, 16-week, observational study in Latvia. The primary outcome measure was an array of anamnesis-based clinical questions

The aim of this study was to evaluate discontinuation and hospitalization rates in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder who were treated with long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics. We recorded clinical data about the period before the LAI treatment, when LAI treatment was initiated, and during the LAI treatment. Variables related to early (<8 weeks) and other LAI discontinuations and

Approximately 40% of patients treated for depression do not respond to a trial of an antidepressant. The aim of the proposed study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of switching to vilazodone in patients with major depressive disorder who are unresponsive or only partially responsive to a trial of citalopram. Seventy-nine adults with major depressive disorder were enrolled in an open-label study

The aim of this study was to explore the significant predictors associated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) outcome for patients with major depressive disorder. Major depressive disorder inpatients (N=130) requiring ECT were recruited from a major psychiatric center in South Taiwan. ECT was generally performed for a maximum of 12 sessions. Symptom severity was assessed using the 17-item Hamilton

The aim of our study was to investigate the risk of any, ischemic, and hemorrhagic stroke associated with incident benzodiazepine and related drug (BZDR) use among community-dwelling individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Data from the MEDALZ cohort including all community-dwelling persons newly diagnosed with AD between 2005 and 2011 in Finland were utilized. Incident BZDR users were identified

Although the effectiveness of clozapine (CLZ) for patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) has been well established, its active mechanism has not been completely clarified. Several clinical studies showed that neuroleptic-induced dopamine supersensitivity psychosis (DSP) could be involved in the etiology of TRS. We preliminarily explored the possible beneficial effect of CLZ for dopamine

The aim of this study was to determine whether the incidence of pneumonia in patients taking clozapine was more frequent compared with those taking risperidone or no atypical antipsychotics at all before admission to a tertiary care medical center. This was a retrospective, case-matched study of 465 general medicine patients over a 25 month period from 1 July 2010 to 31 July 2012. Detailed electronic

We investigated the effects of simvastatin adjunctive therapy on the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. In this double-blind trial, inpatients with chronic schizophrenia were clinically stabilized on a constant dose of risperidone for at least 4 weeks before the study and were then randomized to receive risperidone (4-6 mg/day) plus either simvastatin (40 mg/day) (n=33) or placebo (n=33) for 8 weeks

Populations using herbs and herbal preparations are widespread and growing. As many herbal ingredients exert actions on psychotropic drug targets, psychiatrists should be well informed and aware of potential drug-drug interactions in clinical practice. Reliable and clinically useful information in this area, however, is fragmented, if not deficient. This paper reviewed the clinical aspects of herb-drug

We screened 216 patients in a retrospective observational investigator-initiated study, of whom 45.37% patients (n=98) were retained after the inclusion criteria were applied. These patients had been prescribed paliperidone palmitate long-acting injection (PPLAI) with diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar affective disorder. We investigated whether PPLAI has an effect on

Performance-based cognitive data were collected using the Cognitive Drug Research System in a study of levomilnacipran extended-release (ER) 40-120 mg/day (NCT01034462) in adults with major depressive disorder. These data were analyzed post-hoc to explore the relationship between cognitive measures, depression symptoms (Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, MADRS), and self-reported psychosocial

Trichotillomania is characterized by repetitive pulling that causes noticeable hair loss. Data on the pharmacological treatment of trichotillomania are limited, with no clear first-line agent. The aim of the current study was to determine the efficacy and tolerability of inositol in adults with trichotillomania. A total of 38 individuals (35 women; mean age: 28.9±11.4) with trichotillomania entered

Patients with chronic schizophrenia-related disorders are at a heightened risk of developing cardiovascular disease. The presence and interpretation of cerebral vascular lesions in neuroimaging tests in these patients represents a common clinical challenge. Nevertheless, the literature on cerebrovascular disease in this population is scarce and contradictory. The aim of this study was to analyse the

Although a percentage of patients report cognitive side-effects when taking lithium, it can be difficult to determine from the literature whether any cognitive changes reflect lithium itself, the lithium serum level, residual mood symptoms, the underlying nature of bipolar disorder, or biological alterations such as hypothyroidism. This review was carried out to synthesize and evaluate relevant literature

Quetiapine is a low-affinity dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, approved for the treatment of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in children and adolescents by the Food and Drug Administration, but not by European Medicine Agency. Although knowledge of adverse drug reactions in children and adolescents is scarce, quetiapine is increasingly being used for youth in Denmark. The aim of this case study is

The aim of this study was to evaluate flexibly dosed brexpiprazole for early-episode schizophrenia through the assessment of efficacy, social functioning, and tolerability. This was an exploratory, 16-week, open-label, flexible-dose (1, 2, 3, or 4 mg/day; target dose 3 mg/day) study in outpatients with early-episode schizophrenia (18-35 years old, ≤5 years' duration of illness). Efficacy was assessed

Dopamine D2-receptor blockade by antipsychotic medication reduces psychotic symptoms, but may reduce subjective well-being. The current study aims to further explore the relation between dopamine D2-receptor affinity and subjective well-being within a large sample of patients with psychotic disorders. Patients participated in a longitudinal naturalistic cohort study: the Genetic Risk and Outcome of

Treatment-emergent suicidal ideation and behavior are ongoing concerns with antidepressants. Vilazodone, currently approved for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults, has also been evaluated in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Post-hoc analyses of vilazodone trials were carried out to examine its effects on suicidal ideation and behavior in adults with MDD or GAD. Data were

The aim of this study was to measure advanced glycation end products (AGEs) among participants maintained on antipsychotics using the AGE Reader and to compare them with controls from the general population. Participants maintained on antipsychotics for at least 6 months were recruited from the Psychiatry Department at Rumailah Hospital, Doha, Qatar. Healthy controls were recruited from the primary

We investigated the relative efficacy and tolerability of aripiprazole once monthly (AOM) versus paliperidone palmitate (PP) for treating schizophrenia. Extensive databases searches on short-term, placebo-controlled, randomized studies of AOM and PP were performed. Indirect treatment comparisons were performed between the two long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIAs). The primary efficacy endpoint

Development of payment systems for mental health services has been hindered by limited evidence for the utility of diagnosis or symptoms in predicting costs of care. We investigated the utility of functioning information in predicting costs for patients with mood and anxiety disorders. This was a prospective cohort study involving 102 adult patients attending a tertiary referral specialist clinic for

The present paper reports in parallel the findings of the two phase III trials that evaluated the efficacy of agomelatine in older depressed patients. It describes how the particular methodological innovations (particularly in relation to patient selection, design and accuracy of diagnosis of depression) introduced in study 2 have improved the quality of recruitment of patients and the assay sensitivity

Silexan, a special active substance produced from Lavandula angustifolia, is efficacious in subsyndromal anxiety at a dose of 80 mg/day, but its effective dosage in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has yet to be defined. In two double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, daily doses of 10, 40, 80, and 160 mg silexan were administered for 10 weeks. A total of 925 adults with GAD according to Diagnostic

The objective of this study was to assess the response of anxiety and depression symptoms to methylphenidate (MPH) treatment in patients with Asperger syndrome (AS) combined with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A group of 12 patients with AS/ADHD, aged 8-18 years, received 12 weeks of MPH treatment. The severities of ADHD, anxiety, and depression symptoms were assessed by means of

Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia often lead to the prescription of antipsychotics, especially in nursing homes, but their use remains controversial. This study aimed to assess antipsychotic drug use in residents with dementia compared with those without dementia. Data were obtained through the cross-sectional 'inappropriate medication in patients with renal insufficiency in nursing

Sexual dysfunction, a common side effect of antipsychotic medications, may be partly caused by dopamine antagonism and elevation of prolactin. In QUALIFY, a randomized study, aripiprazole once-monthly 400 mg (AOM 400), a dopamine D2 receptor partial agonist, showed noninferiority and subsequent superiority versus paliperidone palmitate (PP), a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, on the Heinrichs-Carpenter

Polypharmacy is common in psychiatry. Usage of cognitive enhancers is increasing in the psychiatric population. Many clinicians are not familiar with these new psychoactive compounds. This paper reviews the potential drug-drug interactions when these cognitive enhancers are used together with psychotropic drugs and their confounding effects on diagnosis and clinical management.

Tachycardia is a known adverse effect during clozapine treatment. However, prevalence reported differs widely between studies and hitherto there are no studies comparing clozapine-treated patients with a similar control group. The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence of tachycardia in patients treated with clozapine and antipsychotic long-acting injections (LAI). Data on heart rate

There has only been limited research into the predictors of readmission in bipolar disorder. We carried out a 1-year follow-up of patients discharged from a single mental health unit following admission for treatment of an acute bipolar episode. Of 519 patients followed up for 1 year, 167 (32.2%) were readmitted. There was no association between readmission and any drug regimen. Prescription of antidepressants

Studies have examined the differences in sociodemographic/clinical characteristics between patients on long-acting injectable (LAI) versus oral medications. However, most studies did not focus specifically on patients for whom LAIs would clearly be indicated. We performed a chart review of patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Patients were categorized as having an 'indication for

The aim is to determine whether serum drug concentrations obtained from the neonate's umbilical cord can be used as a prognostic factor for admission to the neonatology ward and the occurrence of withdrawal symptoms. A retrospective observational monocenter cohort study was carried out among pregnant women using psychotropic drugs and their baby. Binary logistic regression was used for the multivariate

Comorbidity between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) is high and relevant as alcohol consumption seems to worsen BPD symptomatology. One of the newest treatments for AUD, nalmefene, may be useful to improve BPD symptoms not only indirectly by reducing alcohol consumption but also directly by acting on the opioid system as this system has been related to specific

Acute extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) occur frequently in schizophrenia, mostly caused by antidopaminergic substances. There have been no published reports on the impact of acute EPS on cerebral blood flow (CBF) or related measures. In the following study, we examined schizophrenic patients with and without EPS during a planning task and measurements of CBF velocity. Sixteen patients with chronic schizophrenia

Hyperprolactinaemia may affect sexual and reproductive functioning. However, recent studies suggest that increased prolactin levels may also have negative effects on cognition. We aimed to study whether the reduction in prolactin levels by cabergoline in patients with hyperprolactinaemia is followed by an improvement in cognitive tasks. We studied seven patients with hyperprolactinaemia caused by a

An association between bipolar disorder (BD) and cancer risk has been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate this association through linkage analysis of a national HMO database and a national cancer registry. All members of the Leumit Health Services (LHS) HMO of Israel from 2000 to 2012 were included. Members with a recorded diagnosis of BD and a record of at least one written or

Patients with treatment-resistant unipolar depression (TRD) are treated with antidepressant combinations (ADs) or with second-generation antipsychotics plus AD (SGA+AD) augmentation; however, the clinical characteristics, the factors associated independently with response to SGA+AD, and the outcome trajectories have not yet been characterized. We performed a naturalistic study on the latest stable

Hospital-acquired infections have been recognized as a significant factor in increased morbidity and mortality across our health system. Unique to infections associated with inpatient psychiatric hospitalization is the additional hypothesized association of the role that antipsychotic agents and/or underlying disease may play in an increased risk for infection. In this paper, we explore the types of

The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the effects of 1-month paliperidone palmitate (PP1M) for the treatment of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders in terms of outcomes reported in real-world evidence studies. A systematic review of real-world randomized and nonrandomized studies with PP1M was performed and is reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Comparative effectiveness

The current analysis assessed symptomatic and functional remission achieved following paliperidone palmitate 3-month (PP3M) versus 1-month (PP1M) treatment in patients (age: 18-70 years) with schizophrenia, previously stabilized on PP1M. Following a less than or equal to 3-week screening, and a 17-week, flexible-dosed, open-label phase [PP1M: day 1 (150 mg eq. deltoid), day 8 (100 mg eq. deltoid),

Dopamine agonists have been associated with an increased risk of developing impulse control disorders (ICDs). The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a safety warning in 2016 of a possible association between ICDs and aripiprazole. Recently, one large epidemiological study has confirmed this risk. In the present study, we aim to determine whether the safety signal of ICDs associated with aripiprazole

The aim of this study was to quantify the risk of hair loss with different antidepressants. A retrospective cohort study design using a large health claims database in the USA from 2006 to 2014 was utilized. A cohort of new user and mutually exclusive users of fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, citalopram, escitalopram, paroxetine, duloxetine, venlafaxine, desvenlafaxine, and bupropion were followed

Fatigue and low energy are cardinal symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) that have an impact on work functioning. Antidepressants with noradrenergic activity have been hypothesized to improve symptoms of fatigue and low energy. We examined the impact of these symptoms on work functioning in patients with MDD treated with the serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, desvenlafaxine. A secondary

Cariprazine is a new dopamine D2 and D3 receptor partial agonist antipsychotic. Meta-analytic evidence of efficacy in acute schizophrenia and specific groups of patients is lacking. We carried out a meta-analysis in patients with acute schizophrenia to evaluate the efficacy of cariprazine over placebo and active comparators in overall symptoms, positive and negative symptoms and quality of life. Low

Clozapine is widely underused. No study has assessed views of patients suitable for, but not yet receiving, clozapine. We aimed to assess views of clozapine in patients eligible for clozapine but not yet prescribed it by conducting semistructured interviews with acutely unwell hospital in-patients. We interviewed 61 of 116 eligible patients and 50 (82%) answered all questions. At interview, 33 (54%)

Cariprazine, a potent dopamine D3 and D2 receptor partial agonist antipsychotic with preferential binding to D3 receptors, is Food and Drug Administration approved for treating schizophrenia and manic or mixed episodes of bipolar I disorder. A post-hoc safety/tolerability analysis of data from the four acute trials in the cariprazine schizophrenia clinical development program (NCT00404573; NCT00694707;

A significant number of patients with major depression do not respond optimally to current antidepressant drugs. As depression is likely to be a heterogeneous disorder, it is possible that existing neurotransmitter-based antidepressant drugs do not fully address other pathologies that may exist in certain cases. Biological pathologies related to depression that have been proposed and studied extensively

Trichotillomania is a functionally impairing, often overlooked disorder with no Food and Drug Administration-approved medications indicated for its treatment. The ability of clinical trials to detect the beneficial effects of pharmacologic treatment in trichotillomania has been hampered by the high placebo response rate. Very little is known about baseline demographic and clinical characteristics that

To evaluate psychotropic drug use in undocumented migrants and natives in the same conditions of poverty. We studied drug dispensation by a nongovernmental organization during the year 2014. Drugs were identified according to the Anatomical Chemical Therapeutic classification and their quantity was measured in defined daily doses (DDD). We determined the percentage of patients taking at least one medicine

This post-hoc analysis evaluated long-term psychosocial outcomes in patients with recurrent major depressive disorder treated with venlafaxine extended release (ER) 75-225 mg/day or placebo. Patients who responded to 10-week venlafaxine ER 75-300 mg/day treatment and maintained response through a 6-month continuation treatment were assigned randomly to venlafaxine ER or placebo maintenance-phase treatment

This study aimed to examine the trends and factors associated with antipsychotic prescriptions for elderly outpatients with dementia in Taiwan from 2005 to 2013. We assessed the annual prescription patterns of antipsychotic medications among elderly patients attending outpatient visits for dementia between 2005 and 2013 using the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. We also carried

The aim of the nationwide retrospective matched cohort study was to evaluate health service utilization and medical costs between patients with schizophrenia who received long-acting injectable (LAI) risperidone and those who took risperidone orally. Data were sourced from the 2008 to 2013 Psychiatric Inpatient Medical Claim Dataset in Taiwan. The sample selection process was performed by propensity

A close association between vegetative regulation and affect is common knowledge. Recently, the role of aldosterone and the activity of its receptor [mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)] in the clinical outcome for treatment with standard antidepressants has been shown including low systolic blood pressure and a low concentration of plasma sodium (Na), both of which appear to be related to therapy resistance