ABSTRACT Introduction: Research to date has supported the use of multiple performance validity tests (PVTs) for determining validity status in clinical settings. However, the implications of including versus excluding patients failing one PVT remains a source of debate, and methodological guidelines for PVT research are lacking. This study evaluated three validity classification approaches (i.e. 0

ABSTRACT Objective: Two studies examined the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional ADHD Rating Scale (MARS), which assesses ADHD symptoms, related functional impairment, and symptom validity (SV). Method: Study 1 used MARS item responses from college students with and without ADHD (with some of the latter group assigned to feign ADHD) to create an SV-index, and to identify optimal cut scores

(2021). Assessing adult ADHD: New research and perspectives. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology. Ahead of Print.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) suffer from several neurocognitive deficits. We investigated the cognitive and socio-cognitive profiles of patients with severe OSA, controlling for potentially relevant mediating variables (i.e. age, body-mass index, cognitive reserve and depression). Moreover, we studied the neuropsychological profile of a high-risk OSA phenotype

ABSTRACT Introduction: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is a common symptom in psychiatric disorders. It is a cross-diagnostic symptom, although it has mainly been associated with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Research has suggested an association between DSH and deficits in executive functioning. The main aim of the current study was to assess three specific aspects of executive functioning (EF)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Previous research has suggested that individual differences in executive functions, memory and reinforcement sensitivity are associated with performance on behavioral decision-making tasks. Decision-making performance may also decline with age, however there is a lack of research on the interplay of cognitive and affective processes, and their impact on older adult decision-making

ABSTRACT Objective: The validity of neuropsychological test performance has scarcely been studied in patients with substance use disorders (SUD), despite the possibility that some SUD individuals may distort their performance for compensation seeking (e.g., work leave, permanent or total disability, or the designation of services such as sheltered housing). Thus, the aim of the present study is to

ABSTRACT Introduction: Significant advances in neuro-oncological treatment led to considering neurocognitive functioning and everyday functional needs in patients with long-term survival. Since a potentially lethal disease interrupts normal life and represents a threat to physical and psychological integrity, patients have to cope with the new challenges. Long-term survival and even “cure” is possible

ABSTRACT Specific reading disability (SRD) is defined by genetic and neural risk factors that are not fully understood. The current study used imaging genetics methodology to investigate relationships between SEMA6D, brain structure, and reading. SEMA6D, located on SRD risk locus DYX1, is involved in axon guidance, synapse formation, and dendrite development. SEMA6D’s associations with brain structure

ABSTRACT Background: The Learning Ratio (LR) is a novel learning slope score that has been developed to reduce the inherent competition between the first trial and subsequent trials in traditional learning slopes. Recent findings suggest that LR is sensitive to AD pathology along the AD continuum – more so than the traditional learning calculations that employ raw changes across trials. However, research

ABSTRACT Introduction: While use of performance validity tests (PVTs) has become a standard of practice in neuropsychology, there are differing opinions regarding whether to interpret cognitive test data when standard scores fall within normal limits despite PVTs being failed. This study is the first to empirically determine whether normal cognitive test scores underrepresent functioning when PVTs

ABSTRACT Objective: Younger subjective age predicts better episodic memory and executive functioning performance independent of chronological age. This study examined whether subjective age is associated with performance in five cognitive domains, quantified the extent to which these relationships are mediated by depressive symptoms, and tested whether these associations are moderated by chronological

ABSTRACT Introduction: The Rey 15-item Test is a public-domain, memory-based performance validity test, frequently used in clinical settings. Various efforts have been made to modify the test to make it more sensitive and more robust to effects of lower education and intelligence. The most promising of these is the addition of a recognition trial to the existing free recall paradigm. Method: The present

(2021). Correction. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology: Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. (i)-(i).

ABSTRACT Objective: Previous research indicated that adults with ADHD may have deficits in metacognition, yet the evidence base is scarce. This study aims to explore the existence and nature of metacognitive deficits in adults with ADHD, how psychopathology (such as inattention and depression) may affect metacognition and whether metacognition may impact daily functioning in adults with ADHD. Method:

ABSTRACT Introduction: The rapid development of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) into a pandemic required people to quickly acquire, evaluate, and apply novel complex health-related information about the virus and transmission risks. This study examined the potentially unique and synergistic roles of individual differences in neurocognition and health literacy in the early uptake and use of COVID-19

ABSTRACT Topographical disorientation is the impairment or inability to successfully navigate in three-dimensional space. Differing topographical disorientation syndromes have been associated with distinct lesion sites in the acquired brain injury (ABI) literature. This meta-analysis attempted to investigate the relationship between lesion location and dysfunctions in specific navigational abilities

ABSTRACT Given the functional impairments associated with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD), a valid diagnosis is important. However, particularly when carried out in adulthood, the diagnostic process can be challenging and is complicated by conclusive evidence that a proportion of individuals referred for evaluation of AD/HD exaggerate or feign their symptoms. Relatively few methods

ABSTRACT Evidence-based practice in psychology (EBPP) has long focused on treatment, but evidence-based psychological assessment (EBPA) is also crucial given the important role of accurate and reliable diagnostic practices in treatment planning. In terms of the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), EBPA practices are well-established for children, and more recently for adults

ABSTRACT Introduction: Both symptoms and functional impairment should be assessed in college students seeking evaluations for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, impairment is not specific to ADHD. Although it is well documented that self-reported symptoms can be reported noncredibly, there is less research examining credibility of self-reported impairment, and few clinicians

ABSTRACT Introduction: In the context of limited research assessing outcomes following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in older adults, this study evaluated cognitive outcomes through prospective memory, and expected that performance of an older mTBI group (≥65 years) would be lower compared to orthopedic and community controls. The study also explored whether cognitive resources (retrospective

ABSTRACT Introduction: Adult Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is prone to misdiagnosis because its symptoms are subjective, share features with a broad range of mental, behavioral and physical disorders, and express themselves heterogeneously. Furthermore, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) criteria for adult ADHD diagnosis remain underdeveloped, prompting a

ABSTRACT Objective: Cognitive impairment affects as many as 65% of people with multiple sclerosis (PWMS), and memory impairment confers greater severity of disability and functional impairment. Depression is also common among PWMS, and lifetime prevalence rates are as high as 50%. Research has yet to clearly define the relationship between memory dysfunction and depression among PWMS, and may reflect

ABSTRACT Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with an impairment of autobiographical memories, leading to the production of nonspecific memories. Recent research has demonstrated that odor can serve as a powerful cue for the retrieval of autobiographical memories in AD. Moreover, studies conducted in young adults have showed that odor-evoked autobiographical memories are evoked with more details

ABSTRACT Introduction: Previous studies of neuropsychological performance in electrical injury (EI) patients have produced evidence of deficits in various cognitive domains, but studies have yet to investigate relationships among performance in cognitive domains post-EI. This study examined whether dispersion among neuropsychological test scores was associated with injury parameters and neuropsychological

ABSTRACT Introduction: The Chinese Smell Identification Test (CSIT) was developed specifically for Chinese populations. This work investigated the utility of this test in detecting Parkinson’s disease (PD). Olfactory dysfunction is a common non-motor symptom of PD. There are different opinions on the efficacy of drugs for anosmia in PD. Objective: To investigate the olfactory function of Chinese PD

ABSTRACT Introduction: Executive functions (EFs) impairment is common in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), and could be a significant vulnerability associated with this medical disorder. However, we still know little about EFs in preschool NF1. Our study assessed EFs in NF1 children using performance-based tests and daily life questionnaires, which combined the views of parents and teachers

ABSTRACT Objective: Although impaired time perception is associated with significant disturbance in the everyday functioning of adult patients with Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), it is not very well studied. The present study aimed to evaluate both visual and auditory time reproduction (TR) by using eight time intervals in adult ADHD patients compared to healthy controls (HC). Method:

ABSTRACT Introduction: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is known to be heterogeneous in its cognitive features and course of progression. Whilst memory impairment is characteristic of amnestic MCI (aMCI), cognitive deficits other than memory can occur in both aMCI and non-amnestic MCI (naMCI) and accurate assessment of the subtypes of MCI is difficult for clinicians without the application of extensive

ABSTRACT Some studies have found that bilingualism promotes cognitive reserve. Objective: We aimed to determine whether bilingualism, defined as regularly (i.e. daily) using at least two languages at least since early adulthood, is associated with cognitive advantages in Parkinson’s disease (PD) or whether the possible benefits of bilingualism are lost in the context of PD, possibly affecting quality

ABSTRACT Objective: The base rate of neuropsychological performance invalidity in electrical injury, a clinically-distinct and frequently compensation-seeking population, is not well established. This study determined the base rate of performance invalidity in a large electrical injury sample, and examined patient characteristics, injury parameters, and neuropsychological test performance based on

(2021). Correction. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology: Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 224-224.

ABSTRACT Neuropsychologists are often asked to evaluate students for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to provide documentation to support their requests for academic accommodations in college. Research points to the importance of multi-method, multi-informant data when evaluating ADHD and determining the need for accommodations. However, the Association on Higher Education and Disability

ABSTRACT Introduction: Burnout and depression both occur with chronic work-related stress, and cognitive deficits have been found when symptom severity results in work disability. Less is known about cognitive deficits associated with milder symptoms among active workers, and few studies have examined whether cognitive deficits predict persistent burnout and depression symptoms. The goal of this study

ABSTRACT Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) [Also referred to as Specific Language Impairment (SLI)] and dyslexia are neurodevelopmental disorders which show similar behavioral manifestations. In this study, between-group comparisons and frequency analysis were combined to investigate the relationship between DLD and dyslexia. European Portuguese children aged 7–10 years, with DLD (N = 7) or dyslexia

ABSTRACT Introduction: Healthy people often experience headache, cognitive failures, or mental fatigue. Some people even experience these symptoms on a level comparable to patients with mild spectrum brain injuries. In these individuals, the fear-avoidance model explains symptoms as a consequence of catastrophizing and fear-avoidance toward mental activities. This experimental study investigated in

ABSTRACT Objective: Similarities between spouses in cognitive functions have been mainly explained by the assortative mating phenomenon and the convergence for age and education. The mutual influence between spouses is another explanation particularly relevant in the elderly population. Today, it remains difficult to determine whether cognitive similarities exclusively result from the convergence effect

ABSTRACT Introduction: Anosognosia for hemiplegia (AHP) is a condition in which patients with paralysis are unaware of their motor deficits. Research into AHP is important for improving its treatment and providing insight into the neurocognitive mechanism of motor awareness. Unfortunately, most studies use assessments with widely recognized limitations. The study aims at developing a psychometrically

ABSTRACT Introduction: The neurocognitive outcomes of sustaining a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) during late adulthood are vastly understudied. In young, asymptomatic adults, mTBI-related synaptic plasticity alterations have been associated with persistent implicit motor sequence learning impairments outlasting the usual cognitive recovery period. The current study examined whether uncomplicated

ABSTRACT Objective: Similarities between spouses in cognitive functions have been mainly explained by the assortative mating phenomenon and the convergence for age and education. The mutual influence between spouses is another explanation particularly relevant in the elderly population. Today, it remains difficult to determine whether cognitive similarities exclusively result from the convergence effect

ABSTRACT Visual search is not only less accurate but also less organized in children than in adults. However, visual search strategies in children have not been extensively studied and they are not evaluated in clinical practice. Working memory could play a critical role for the execution and the maintaining of a visual search strategy. Few studies if any have explored the links between visual search

ABSTRACT Objective The Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) is a battery of tests designed to measure executive functions (EF). Additionally, the D-KEFS contains lower-order tasks, designed to control for speed of visual scanning, sequencing, and verbal and graphomotor output. The construct and criterion validities of D-KEFS scores that are time-based are well established. However, the constructs

ABSTRACT Objective The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and the Delay Discounting Test (DDT) are two of the most widely used decision-making tests within the field of addiction research. The IGT creates a context of uncertainty where immediate rewards or long-term benefits are chosen, whilst the DDT measures the change in value of a reward as the time taken to obtain it increases. The objective of this study

ABSTRACT Introduction Impairments in visual search are a common symptom in visuospatial neglect (VSN). The severity of the lateralized attention bias in visual search tasks can vary depending on the number of distractors: the more distractors, the more targets are missed. However, little is known about how the number of targets affect search performance in VSN. The aim of the current study was to examine

ABSTRACT Introduction: Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD) is associated with interpersonal problems and difficulties in inferring other peoples’ emotions. Previous research has focused on face processing, mostly in children. Our study investigated configural processing of emotional bodies and faces in adults with ADHD in comparison with healthy controls, analyzing P100, N170 and P250 event-related potentials

ABSTRACT Introduction A complicated mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) is defined as mild by all clinical severity indicators but is complicated due to a traumatic intracranial abnormality visible on neuroimaging. Researchers have reported mixed findings regarding whether neuropsychological and functional outcomes following complicated MTBI are worse than, or similar to, outcomes following uncomplicated

ABSTRACT Introduction: People diagnosed with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) are at risk for poor cognitive flexibility and excessive attention to detail. These difficulties are traditionally quantified using neuropsychological tests. These tests do not capture the subjective repercussions of these cognitive styles. The Detail and Flexibility Questionnaire (DFlex) has been specifically developed to measure these

ABSTRACT Introduction: Personal neglect (PN) refers to a form of hemi-inattention toward the contralesional body space and it usually occurs following a right brain lesion. Recent studies suggest that PN indicates a disorder of body representation. Specifically, patients with PN show difficulties in identifying differences between left and right hands and have an altered visuospatial body map, which

ABSTRACT Introduction: The automatic interaction between a cue and a memory trace can give rise to the vivid recollection of a purely sensory past experience. But are humans able to reach back intentionally to purely sensory experiences in the absence of any exogenous or endogenous cue? In the present study, we propose an alternative hypothesis, claiming that the retrieval of associated semantic memories

ABSTRACT Introduction: The Brief Visual Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) is a frequently used visuospatial declarative memory test, but normative data in the Czech population are lacking. Moreover, the BVMT-R includes promising learning indexes that can be used to detect learning deficits in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, its clinical usefulness has not yet been thoroughly examined. Early detection

ABSTRACT Introduction: Growing access to both legitimate and dubious sources of health information makes accurate source memory increasingly important, yet it may be negatively impacted by conditions that impair prefrontal functioning, including HIV. This study hypothesized that instructions supporting source encoding on a health-related memory task would disproportionately benefit source memory of

ABSTRACT Introduction: Growing access to both legitimate and dubious sources of health information makes accurate source memory increasingly important, yet it may be negatively impacted by conditions that impair prefrontal functioning, including HIV. This study hypothesized that instructions supporting source encoding on a health-related memory task would disproportionately benefit source memory of

ABSTRACT Introduction: We hypothesized that diabetic patients without mild cognitive impairment would present deficiencies in visuospatial incidental/intentional memory processing and alterations in the underlying EEG alpha, theta and gamma patterns. Methods: Non-diabetic, diabetic-controlled, and diabetic-uncontrolled patients underwent a visuospatial incidental-intentional memory test under simultaneous

ABSTRACT Objective Older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) develop Alzheimer’s type dementia approximately 10 times faster annually than the normal population. Adrenal hormones are associated with aging and cognition. We investigated the relationship between acute stress, cortisol, and memory function in aMCI with an exploratory analysis of sex. Method Salivary cortisol was sampled

ABSTRACT Reversal learning is frequently used to assess components of executive function that contribute to understanding age-related cognitive differences. Reaction time (RT) is less characterized in the reversal learning literature, perhaps due to the daunting task of analyzing the entire RT distribution, but has been deemed a generally sensitive measure of cognitive aging. The current study extends

ABSTRACT Introduction This study investigated the effect of pictorial cues on autobiographical memory in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We assessed autobiographical memory of patients with AD and cognitively normal older adults in two conditions. Methods In one condition, the participants were provided with verbal instructions to retrieve three autobiographical memories. In the second condition, the same

ABSTRACT The verbal fluency test (VFT) is utilized in neuropsychology to evaluate the cognitive function of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the human brain. We present a novel Chinese VFT similar to the established Japanese VFT; both tests prompt a syllable to the subject. However, it was uncertain whether the Chinese VFT can activate the PFC and whether PFC activation patterns are similar between the

ABSTRACT Introduction: Emotional issues are often reported among individuals with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) and some studies have suggested that deficits in ability to quickly encode emotions may contribute to these problems. However, poor performance on emotion encoding tasks could also be explained by a more general cognitive deficit (Full Scale IQ [FSIQ]), rather than a specific deficit in

ABSTRACT Individuals with neurocognitive disorders (NCD) frequently experience psychotic symptoms, such as delusions. Delusions can contribute to other behavior problems, create dangers for patients and caregivers, and contribute to inpatient hospitalization of individuals with NCD. The current study aimed to identify cognitive symptoms associated with the presence of delusions and to differentiate

ABSTRACT Introduction Older adults with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are at high risk for deficits in the resource-demanding, strategic aspects of prospective memory (PM) that can adversely affect health outcomes. This study examined the frequency and correlates of spontaneous compensatory strategy use during a laboratory-based PM task and its associations with the use of mnemonic