-
The Sobering Effects of Jailhouse Informant Testimony on Perceptions of an Intoxicated Rape Victim Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2021-03-24 Alexis M. Le Grand, Baylee D. Jenkins, Jonathan M. Golding, Jeffrey S. Neuschatz, Andrea M. Pals, Stacy A. Wetmore
Abstract This study investigated the impact of jailhouse informant (JI) testimony on mock-jurors’ perceptions of an alcohol-facilitated rape trial. Male and female participants (N = 186) read a rape trial summary of an adult female after attending a concert. The trial varied whether the victim was intoxicated or sober and whether a JI testified that the defendant confessed to the rape. The results
-
Sustainable Consumption: What Works Best, Carbon Taxes, Subsidies and/or Nudges? Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2021-03-17 Magda Osman, Pauline Schwartz, Saul Wodak
Abstract Behavioral change techniques may show positive changes to sustainable consumption, but as with many other domains, how they interact with other typical regulatory measures is unknown. To address the empirical lacuna, the present study uses a discrete-choice set-up to simulate a lunchtime canteen in order to investigate the effects of choice preserving and choice incentivizing interventions
-
When It’s Bad to Be Lucky: Observers’ Judgments of Fortuitous Victims Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Olof Wrede, Erik Mac Giolla
Abstract We framed crime victims as lucky, through downward counterfactual comparisons, and tested this “luck framing” influence on observers’ judgments of the victims. Victims framed as lucky and aware (Experiment 1) or unaware (Experiment 3) of their luck were rated as in need of less social support than victims who were not framed as lucky. This luck framing effect generalized to victim compensation:
-
COVID-19 Behavioral Health Mindset Inventory: A Method for Enhancing Employee and Consumer Safety Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2021-03-04 Michael R. Cunningham, Perri B. Druen, Anita P. Barbee, John W. Jones, Brian W. Dreschler
Abstract The COVID-19 Behavioral Health Mindset inventory (CVBHM) was designed to protect consumers and workers by assessing biosafety risk through acceptance of responsibility for the protection of oneself and others, social distancing, and adhering to prevention measures. The 30-item inventory was evaluated in two surveys of 1,455 (Time 1) and 431 respondents (Time 2). The CVBHM has strong internal
-
The Effects of Emotion Recognition Training on Interpersonal Effectiveness Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2021-02-12 Katja Schlegel
Abstract Emotion recognition ability (ERA) predicts more successful interpersonal interactions. However, it remains unknown whether ERA training can affect behaviors and improve social outcomes in such interactions. Here, 83 dyads of same-gender students completed either a self-administered 45 min ERA training based on audio-visual clips of 14 different emotions, or a control training about cloud types
-
Qualitative Exploration of Chinese Students’ Perspectives on Long-Term Goal Striving Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2021-02-24 Kelly Ka Lai Lam, Mingming Zhou
Abstract Many scholars have emphasized the role of passion and effort in successfully achieving goals, but others have argued that many factors can affect goal achievement. This qualitative study explored Chinese students’ perspectives on how one achieves long-term goals. We conducted individual, in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 13 Chinese university students to capture their past experiences
-
Meta-Analytic Analysis of Invariance Across Samples: Introducing a Method That Does Not Require Raw Data Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2020-11-09 A. E. af Wåhlberg, Guy Madison, Ulrika Aasa, Jeong Jin Yu
Abstract Invariance of surveys across different groups means that the respondents interpret the items in the same way, as reflected in similar factor loadings, for example. Invariance can be assessed using various statistical procedures, such as Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis. However, these analyses require access to raw data. Here, we introduce a meta-analytic method that requires only
-
When It’s Bad to Be Lucky: Observers’ Judgments of Fortuitous Victims Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Olof Wrede, Erik Mac Giolla
Abstract We framed crime victims as lucky, through downward counterfactual comparisons, and tested this “luck framing” influence on observers’ judgments of the victims. Victims framed as lucky and aware (Experiment 1) or unaware (Experiment 3) of their luck were rated as in need of less social support than victims who were not framed as lucky. This luck framing effect generalized to victim compensation:
-
Meta-Analytic Analysis of Invariance Across Samples: Introducing a Method That Does Not Require Raw Data Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2020-11-09 A. E. af Wåhlberg, Guy Madison, Ulrika Aasa, Jeong Jin Yu
Abstract Invariance of surveys across different groups means that the respondents interpret the items in the same way, as reflected in similar factor loadings, for example. Invariance can be assessed using various statistical procedures, such as Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis. However, these analyses require access to raw data. Here, we introduce a meta-analytic method that requires only
-
Does Repetition Always Make Perfect? Differential Effects of Repetition on Learning of Own-Race and Other-Race Faces Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2020-11-05 Tomás A. Palma, Leonel Garcia-Marques
Abstract People have a remarkable capacity to process and recognize faces. Yet, they fail to recognize the faces of individuals from other racial groups - the Other-Race Effect (ORE). We investigated the role of repetition - a powerful determinant of learning and memory - in reducing the ORE. We predicted that repetition would improve face learning, particularly for other-race faces, as these are poorly
-
Multiple Feet-in-the-Door and Obedience Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2020-10-22 Tomasz Grzyb, Dariusz Dolinski
Abstract Gilbert’s hypothesis regarding the possible effect of the feet-in-the-door procedure on obedience to an authority figure in Milgram’s paradigm was tested in the course of two studies. Neither the first experiment, conducted in a laboratory (N = 80), which was a true copy of the model proposed by Milgram, nor the second study, conducted online (N = 485), validated Gilbert’s hypothesis. Actually
-
To Apologize or Justify: Leader Responses to Task and Relational Mistakes Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2020-10-19 Andrea L. Hetrick, Lily D. Blocker, Joshua Fairchild, Samuel T. Hunter
Abstract Leadership roles are complex, creating an environment where leaders are likely to make mistakes that result in negative outcomes. We shift the conversation in the literature from examining the effectiveness of mistake responses toward exploring why leaders use different mistake recovery methods. We employ an online experimental method to distinguish between task and relationship mistakes for
-
Ambivalent Classism: The Importance of Assessing Hostile and Benevolent Ideologies about Poor People Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2020-10-05 Jessica A. Jordan, Joanna R. Lawler, Jennifer K. Bosson
Abstract We present a model of ambivalent classism in which hostile (overtly negative and insulting) and benevolent (subjectively positive but condescending) attitudes about poor people co-exist and independently predict endorsement of restrictive and poverty-perpetuating welfare policies. Whereas existing classism scales predominantly measure antipathy toward poor people, we developed and validated
-
Supervisor Narcissism and Employee Performance: A Moderated Mediation Model of Affective Organizational Commitment and Power Distance Orientation Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2020-09-09 Hanwei Wang, Xue Han, Jie Li
Abstract Drawing upon social exchange theory, this research investigates how and when supervisor narcissism influences subordinates’ performance. Study 1 uses a two-wave survey and reveals that supervisor narcissism is negatively related to subordinates’ in-role performance. Subordinates’ affective organizational commitment mediates the relationship between supervisor narcissism and subordinates’ in-role
-
Is Affirmation the Cure? Self-Affirmation and European-Americans’ Perception of Systemic Racism Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Tara L. Lesick, Ethan Zell
Abstract Racial-ethnic gaps in perception of racism are persistent in the United States, perhaps because the acknowledgement of racism is threatening to European Americans. Supporting this argument, preliminary research indicates that self-affirmation boosts European Americans’ perception of racism and reduces the gap between European and Hispanic Americans’ perception of racism. Although promising
-
There is Nothing Magical about Bayesian Statistics: An Introduction to Epistemic Probabilities in Data Analysis for Psychology Starters Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2020-07-25 Wojciech Świątkowski, Antonin Carrier
This paper is a reader-friendly introduction to Bayesian inference applied to psychological science. We begin by explaining the difference between frequentist and epistemic interpretations of probability that underpin respectively frequentist and Bayesian statistics. We use a concrete example—a student wondering whether s/he carries the virus statisticus malignum—to explain how both approaches are
-
Unjudge Someone: Human Library as a Tool to Reduce Prejudice toward Stigmatized Group Members Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2020-07-14 Sabahat Cigdem Bagci, Olesya Blazhenkova
Human Library (HL) is a nonprofit community event aimed at increasing awareness and reduction of prejudice toward stigmatized groups in the society. HL implements an unusual methodology in the format of a pretend ‘library’ where HL attendants so-called ‘Readers’ engage in short, face-to-face, direct contact with so-called ‘Books’ who are real individuals from various stigmatized social groups. Although
-
I Read, I Imagine, I Feel: Feasibility, Imaginability and Intensity of Emotional Experience as Fundamental Dimensions for Norming Scripts Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2020-07-28 Dalit Milshtein, Avishai Henik
Emotional imagery procedures can be used as beneficial means for study of a variety of issues (e.g., emotion, episodic memory, imagination, consciousness, attitudes, social domain, and so on) from an ecological perspective. Emotional imagery is also a worthy subject of research by itself. There are several procedures to encourage participants to generate, manipulate and maintain emotional imagery during
-
Failure to Replicate: Testing a Growth Mindset Intervention for College Student Success Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2020-08-12 Caitlin Brez, Eric M. Hampton, Linda Behrendt, Liz Brown, Josh Powers
Interventions surrounding mindset have recently been applied as a tool for student success in higher education. The current study tested the efficacy of a growth mindset intervention at a university with a diverse student population. Using gateway math and introductory psychology courses, students were randomly assigned to receive a mindset message or one endorsing study skills. Dependent variables
-
Controlling Language and Irony: Reducing Threat and Increasing Positive Message Evaluations Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2020-07-13 Thomas V. Staunton, Eusebio M. Alvaro, Benjamin D. Rosenberg, William D. Crano
High-controlling (HC) language is explicit, clear, and efficient; however, it can be perceived as threatening, thus risking rejection. The benefits and drawbacks of using HC language presents a dilemma for message designers. Psychological reactance researchers have begun to examine strategies designed to utilize the virtues of HC language while mitigating the vices. We conducted three experiments to
-
Perceptions of and Behavior toward University Students with Autism Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2020-07-02 Joshua Lipson, Caitlin Taylor, Joshua A. Burk, Cheryl L. Dickter
This study examined neurotypical university students’ (n = 116) perceptions of and behavior toward student confederates they believed to have autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or not. Confederates were labeled by membership in an ASD student organization, behavior stereotypical of ASD, both, or neither. Perceptions of the confederate, verbal and non-verbal behavior toward the confederate, and explicit
-
Gender Differences in the Effects of Support Exchanges on Self-Esteem and Mastery for Mid- to Late-Life Adults Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2020-06-02 Amy Irby-Shasanmi, Christy L. Erving
Applying social psychological theories of social exchange and gender socialization perspectives, we assess gender differences in the effects of receiving and giving social support on self-esteem and mastery (i.e., self-concept) for respondents in the United States. We also explore whether imbalances in support exchanges are beneficial or detrimental to self-concept for women (mean age = 72) and men
-
Changing Negative Perceptions of Individuals With Facial Disfigurement: The Effectiveness of a Brief Intervention Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2020-05-29 Anna Stone, Veronica Fisher
Can a brief personal narrative by an individual with facial disfigurement enhance perceptions of their skills and personality? Participants (n = 224) mainly from Europe and the USA completed the study online. Four experimental conditions presented either a video clip or the audio soundtrack, relating either a positive message or a message about overcoming adversity. In the control condition, participants
-
Group-Level Perspective-Taking Effects on Injustice Standards and Empathic Concern When the Victims Are Categorized as Outgroup Versus Ingroup Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2020-05-20 Anca M. Miron, Nyla R. Branscombe, David A. Lishner, Anthony C. Otradovec, Scott Frankowski, Haley R. Bowers, Brittany L. Wierzba, Madison Malcore
We investigated the effects of group-level perspective taking when the target is an outgroup versus an ingroup. Men and women adopted the perspective of women suffering from wage inequality or remained objective. Men set lower injustice standards (i.e., required less evidence to conclude that gender inequality was unfair) and experienced higher empathic concern for women when they adopted women’s perspective
-
Student Evaluations of Teaching Encourages Poor Teaching and Contributes to Grade Inflation: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2020-05-13 Wolfgang Stroebe
Student Evaluations of Teaching (SETs) do not measure teaching effectiveness, and their widespread use by university administrators in decisions about faculty hiring, promotions, and merit increases encourages poor teaching and causes grade inflation. Students need to get good grades, and faculty members need to get good SETs. Therefore, SETs empower students to shape faculty behavior. This power can
-
Can Accepting Criticism Be an Effective Impression Management Strategy for Public Figures? A Comparison with Denials and a Counterattack Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2020-04-24 Nicole Methner, Susanne Bruckmüller, Melanie C. Steffens
The way public figures react to criticism can influence perceptions of and trust in them. We tested whether politicians who openly accepted criticism were perceived as more moral and warmer (i.e., more communal) and were trusted more than politicians who rejected criticism. Using fictitious politicians, Experiments 1–3 showed the expected positive effect of accepting criticism on communion and trust
-
Not All Scientists Are Equal: Role Aspirants Influence Role Modeling Outcomes in STEM Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2020-03-06 Danfei Hu, Janet N. Ahn, Melissa Vega, Xiaodong Lin-Siegler
Three experiments examined how role aspirants’ (i.e., people exposed to role models) views of scientists’ exceptional talent affected motivation. Study 1 demonstrated that when exposed to a scientist whose success is associated with effort (i.e., Thomas Edison), rather than inborn talent (i.e., Albert Einstein), role aspirants’ motivation increased. Study 2 found that role aspirants benefitted less
-
Affirmation and Majority Students: Does Affirmation Impair Academic Performance in White Males? Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2020-03-06 Eduardo O. Jones, Stanley J. Huey Jr.
Self-affirmation is a promising brief intervention for reducing the academic achievement gap between majority and stigmatized groups (e.g., underrepresented minorities, women in STEM fields). Affirmations are thought to improve academic performance among stigmatized groups by expanding one’s sense of self, buffering social belonging, and reducing social identity threat. Despite encouraging results
-
Remembering that “Everybody Hurts”: The Role of Self-Compassion in Responses to Rejection Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2020-02-17 Erika J. Koch
Self-compassion involves treating oneself kindly, acknowledging that all humans experience suffering, and maintaining a balanced awareness of negative thoughts and feelings. Three studies (N = 614) examined the potential role of self-compassion in response to interpersonal rejection. Study 1 recruited a large, diverse internet sample and explored relationships between general perceived acceptance and
-
Existential Threat Fuels Worldview Defense, but not after Priming Autonomy Orientation Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2020-02-13 Kenneth E. Vail III, Joseph P. Conti, Alexis N. Goad, Dylan E. Horner
Although mortality salience (MS) typically motivates worldview defensiveness, priming an autonomy/self-determined orientation may attenuate that defensiveness. In Study 1 (n = 156) MS (vs. pain) had higher support for militaristic defense of American interests abroad, unless participants were also primed with autonomy-oriented (vs. controlled) concepts. In Study 2 (n = 205), a pilot survey found participants
-
Moving Toward Helping Behavior: The Roles of Sympathy, Helping Goal Attainability, and Locomotion Orientation Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2020-02-20 Conrad Baldner, Antonio Pierro, Arie W. Kruglanski
Why do some people help others in need, and some do not? One potential answer is sympathy, which reflects an other-focused desire to help others in need. Consequentially, we posit that sympathy toward a specific target joined with the attainability of successful helping forms a helping goal. In three experiments we found that helping behavior was highest when a helping goal was present, although there
-
The Experiences with Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (EASI) Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2020-04-15 Kristen Salomon, Jennifer K. Bosson, Mona El-Hout, Elizabeth Kiebel, Sophie L. Kuchynka, Samantha L. Shepard
We developed and validated a self-report scale assessing women’s daily experiences with hostile and benevolent sexism within domains of paternalism, gender differentiation, and heterosexuality. Women in two independent samples (Ns = 540 and 345) reported how frequently they experienced various hostile and benevolent forms of gender-based treatment derived from ambivalent sexism theory. Exploratory
-
Acculturation Coping Leads to Heightened Sensitivity to Socially Hurtful Events Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2020-03-25 Minjie Lu, Takeshi Hamamura, Michelle Y. P. Chan, Chengjin Li, Justin H. Park
This research examined the hypothesis that challenging experiences in acculturation may lead to heightened reactivity to socially hurtful events. Study 1 found that compared to a prime of acculturating to a similar foreign culture, priming acculturation to a distant culture (indicating more challenges) led to greater reported pain toward hurtful interpersonal events. Study 2 examined whether foreign
-
The Effect of Age-Stigma Concealment on Social Evaluations Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2020-03-19 Laura Tian, Nadia Y. Bashir, Alison L. Chasteen, Nicholas O. Rule
Many older adults try to avoid age discrimination by hiding visible signs of aging. But using cosmetic procedures to conceal one’s age also incurs negative evaluations. This paradox prompted us to ask whether people can detect age concealment and, if so, whether they would either negatively evaluate concealers due to age-concealment stigmas or positively evaluate concealers because they look better
-
Parental Depression and Emerging Adult Psychological Problems: Indirect Effects by Parents’ Social Support and Emerging Adult Engagement Coping Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2020-03-18 Erica Szkody, Cliff McKinney
The role of parents’ social support in relation to the socialization of coping strategies in emerging adults rarely has been studied. Parental depression has been related to both internalizing and externalizing problems in children. We examined the relationships of maternal and paternal depression on emerging adult internalizing and externalizing problems through perceived parents’ social support and
-
Distributive Justice Beliefs are Guided by Whether People Think the Ultimate Goal of Society is Well-Being or Power Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2019-10-03 Peter Meindl, Ravi Iyer, Jesse Graham
Disagreements about how resources should be distributed are often heated, perhaps because people suspect that distributive justice beliefs that clash with their own derive from nefarious motives. In this paper, we consider a less pessimistic explanation for diversity in distributive justice beliefs: such beliefs are influenced by what one considers the primary utility or value of their society in the
-
When Group Influence Is More or Less Likely: The Case of Moral Judgments Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2019-09-18 James F. M. Cornwell, Carl P. Jago, E. Tory Higgins
We investigated whether group influence can change judgments even for high-consensus (i.e., unambiguous) moral norms. We found that participants often matched the judgment of the other current group members even when this moral judgment was normatively incorrect (nonstandard), and this occurred more for more ambiguous issues. Moreover, this social influence on public judgments was generally followed
-
Unpacking Backlash: Individual and Contextual Moderators of Bias against Female Professors Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2019-09-04 Alexandra N. Fisher, Danu Anthony Stinson, Anastasija Kalajdzic
This research unpacks backlash against female professors by examining how individual characteristics and social context interact to predict student evaluations on RateMyProfessors.com. As predicted, students evaluated female professors in high-status departments more negatively than female professors in low-status departments, and this backlash effect was attenuated when the female professor was “hot
-
Work-Related Impression Formation: Reviewing Parenthood Penalties and Investigating a “Fatherhood Penalty” for Single Fathers Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2019-08-29 Melanie C. Steffens, Sabine Preuß, Carolin Scheifele
We review the evidence that mothers, compared to childless women or fathers, are discriminated at work (“motherhood penalty”) and that fathers may receive “caregiver penalties.” We conclude that (implicitly or explicitly) expected family roles appear to determine parenthood penalties. On this basis, we examined penalties for fathers who are only assumed to be primary caregivers. We found “fatherhood
-
Influence of Internet-Based Messages and Personal Motivations on Water-Use Decisions Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2019-08-29 Daniel Harmon, Mary Gauvain
This research investigates motives behind individual willingness to conserve water and if media messages can promote sustainable behaviors. Experiment 1 (n = 143) assessed water conservation motives after participants viewed a pro-conservation or neutral video. Disgust motivated refusing most sustainable water uses, especially for personal consumption. Experiment 2 (n = 591) examined the effectiveness
-
Interminority Contact and Solidarity under Conflict: Evidence from the Hungarian and Roma Minorities in Romania Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2019-08-23 Vasile Cernat
This study investigated the relationship between interminority contact and solidarity underconflict. The analysis of representative samples of Hungarian (N = 604) and Roma (N = 602) ethnics from Romania revealed restricted positivity among the high-status minority (i.e., positive associations of interminority contact with outgroup attitudes and support for nonspecific pro-outgroup policies, but negative
-
A Dual Process Theory Explanation for Door-in-the-Face Effectiveness Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2019-08-22 Daniel J. Howard
Two field experiments demonstrate that additive effects of heuristic and systematic processing can explain door-in-the-face technique (DITF) compliance. In Study 1, additive effects of heuristic and systematic processing resulted in an increase in charitable donations. Study 2 replicated the additive effects mean differences observed in the first. Attitude toward a charitable issue was also more strongly
-
What Drives Work Addicts to Action? The Extended Model of Work Craving Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2019-08-05 Kamila Wojdylo
The theory of work craving highlights three pathological components of work addiction: the behavioral wanting component (an obsessive-compulsive desire for work), the hedonic liking components (the reduction of negative emotions and compensation for low self-worth), and the cognitive learning component (neurotic perfectionism). In this article, I link the theory of work craving with the theory of motivation
-
What the World Needs Now: An Intervention for Promoting Prosocial Behavior Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2019-07-24 Rachel Baumsteiger
Prosocial behavior benefits individuals and society. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop a new, integrative intervention for fostering prosocial behavior. The intervention combines activities such as watching an elevating video, enacting prosocial behaviors, and reflecting on how those behaviors relate to one’s values. An experiment with 116 adolescents and young adults indicated that the
-
Aversive Affect Versus Racism as Predictors of Racial Discrimination in Helping Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2019-06-26 Jessica L. McManus, Donald A. Saucier, Conor J. O’Dea, Donte L. Bernard
We examined aversive affect and racism as predictors of differences in helping White versus Black targets. According to aversive racism theory, Whites may express egalitarian attitudes but experience discomfort in interracial interactions, producing discrimination. Participants completed racism measures and reported their likelihood of helping White or Black targets. Racism negligibly predicted discriminatory
-
Discrepant Data and Improbable Results: An Examination of Vohs, Mead, and Goode (2006) Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2019-06-19 Doug Rohrer, Harold Pashler, Christine R. Harris
A highly cited article by Vohs, Mead, and Goode (2006) reported several experiments in which an incidental reminder of money produced large effects on subsequent behaviors unrelated to money. We attempted 2 high-powered direct replications of the first experiment, which found that money-primed subjects worked on a puzzle nearly twice as long as controls before quitting. The replication studies showed
-
Light in Darkness: Low Self-Control Promotes Altruism in Crises Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2019-06-04 Yilu Wang, Xin Zhang, Jingyu Li, Xiaofei Xie
People struggle regularly with the selfish impulse to maximize personal benefits and the prosocial impulse to care for others. However, little is known about how people naturally react in crises. We propose that people with lowered state self-control are more inclined to help in crisis situations. Four studies showed that individuals with lower self-control (both measured and manipulated) were more
-
Investigating Stereotypes Towards the Outgroup: The Role of Religious Concepts and Group Membership Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2019-05-12 Lipaz Shamoa-Nir, Irene Razpurker-Apfeld
We examined the effects of exposure to religious concepts on stereotypes of two unique groups in Israel—Arab Muslims and Arab Christians. In Study 1, Muslim persons exposed to Jewish concepts and Christian persons exposed to Christian concepts showed increased negative stereotypes toward Jews. The findings were replicated in Study 2, additionally showing that identification with the religious ingroup
-
Green Tea and Ham: Cultural Mixing Reminders Decrease Considerate Behavior Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2019-05-01 Aurelia Mok, Chi-yue Chiu
Past research examined how encounters with cultural mixing affect people’s responses toward those cultures. We examined broader effects of cultural mixing—on general social behavior. We tested that reminders of mixing between one’s local culture and a foreign culture make people less considerate. Also, this response is more likely for people who are voluntarily psychologically distant (vs. close) to
-
Comprehensive Intervention for Anxiety and Depression among the Community Elderly with Tuberculosis Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2019-04-16 Xuhui Li, Bin Wang, Yihua Xu, Yanshu Chen, Ying Zhang, Jiayu Huang, Jie Yang, Dixin Tan, Mengyu Li, Dandan Zhang, Cong Tang, Xiaonan Cai, Yaqiong Yan
Anxiety and depression are common comorbidities in the elderly who have tuberculosis. We conducted a community-based trial to explore the effect of comprehensive interventions on anxiety and depression of the elderly tuberculosis patients. The control group (n = 122) received health education, and the intervention group (n = 61) received health education, psychotherapy, home visit, peer support, and
-
Do You Reap What You Sow? The Effect of Cyberostracism on Moral Impurity Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2019-03-27 Kai-Tak Poon
Two experiments tested whether cyberostracism increases people’s perceived moral impurity and their tendency to purchase cleansing products. In both experiments, participants were first either ostracized or included in a web-based social interaction. Next, they completed self-report measures to assess their perceived moral impurity and tendency to purchase cleansing products. The results showed that
-
Can Imagination Reduce Prejudice Over Time? A Preregistered Test of the Imagined Contact Hypothesis Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2019-03-19 Jennifer Schuhl, Eric Lambert, Armand Chatard
Research on the imagined contact hypothesis suggests that simply imagining a positive interaction with an out-group member can reduce prejudice toward stigmatized social groups. To date, however, it remains unclear whether imagined contact has transient or long-lasting effects. This preregistered study (N = 153) tested the hypothesis that a single session of imagined contact is sufficient for reducing
-
What Can We Learn from Many Labs Replications? Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2019-03-08 Wolfgang Stroebe
Several hundred research groups attempted replications of published effects in so-called Many Labs studies involving thousands of research participants. Given this enormous investment, it seems timely to assess what has been learned and what can be learned from this type of project. My evaluation addresses four questions: First, do these replication studies inform us about the replicability of social
-
What Makes Hypocrisy? Folk Definitions, Attitude/Behavior Combinations, Attitude Strength, and Private/Public Distinctions Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2019-02-06 Sean M. Laurent, Brian A. M. Clark
Past research has rarely examined what makes behaviors appear more or less hypocritical. This work expands our understanding, identifying and exploring factors contributing to perception of hypocrisy. An initial study surveyed participants’ definitions of the concept. Experiments 2a/2b then demonstrate that attitude–behavior inconsistency is viewed as most hypocritical, followed by attitude-attitude
-
Sorry is the Hardest Word to Say: The Role of Self-Control in Apologizing Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2019-01-24 Joshua R. Guilfoyle, C. Ward Struthers, Elizabeth van Monsjou, Ariel Shoikhedbrod
Apologizing is an effective strategy for reconciling relationships after transgressions. However, transgressors often resist or refuse to apologize. The current research investigated the role of self-control in apologizing. In Study 1, self-control was associated with participants’ proclivity to apologize and apologetic and nonapologetic behavior. In Studies 2 and 3, self-control was manipulated to
-
A Novel Measure of the Need for Moral Cognition Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2019-01-12 Matthew Vanaman, Mary-Page Leggett, Laura Crysel, Robert Askew
This research developed the first measure of the need for moral cognition, or the tendency to seek out, talk about, reflect on, or otherwise engage with ethical or moral issues. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was conducted on transcripts from interviews with members of the target population and focus groups with content experts. Pilot items were administered to a large online sample; 2 latent
-
Voicing One’s Ideas: Intragroup Respect as an Antecedent of Assertive Behavior Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2019-01-12 Daniela Renger, Alex Mommert, Sophus Renger, Marcel Miché, Bernd Simon
In this research, we tested equality-based respect from ingroup members as a social antecedent of positive assertiveness (i.e., voicing one’s opinions) and group performance. A pretest with employees at the workplace supported that the variables of interest were indeed correlated. The main experimental study then confirmed that participants who had received high as compared with low intragroup respect
-
Perceived Stigma and Self-Stigma in College Students: A Literature Review and Implications for Practice and Research Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2019-01-12 Joseph A. Guarneri, David E. Oberleitner, Sara Connolly
Perceived and self-adopted forms of stigma are omnipresent. Although stigma is often discussed alongside mental illness, constructs such as race, ethnicity, and sexuality can also cause individuals to adopt feelings of stigma within themselves. The literature has called for further inquiry examining the effects of perceived and self-stigmas among different populations. In response, this literature
-
When Social Perception Goes Wrong: Judging Targets’ Behavior toward Gay Versus Straight People Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2019-01-07 Jin X. Goh, Mollie A. Ruben, Judith A. Hall
Accurate social perception depends on many factors, including the extent to which perceivers hold correct beliefs about how behaviors reflect the characteristic being judged. In Study 1, target participants recorded videos introducing themselves to either a gay or straight student who was ostensibly in another room. Unbeknownst to the targets, the other student was illusory and not real. Analysis of
-
Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind? Mortality Salience, Death-Thought Accessibility, and Self-Forgiveness Basic Appl. Soc. Psychol. (IF 1.577) Pub Date : 2018-12-22 John M. McConnell
Terror management theory claims the quintessential indicator of cultural adherence is human self-esteem, and self-esteem is vital to suppressing death-thoughts into the unconscious to buffer against existential fear. Guilt—an emotional response to cultural-based rule violations—should therefore be an important motivation for self-forgiveness. In four studies, mortality salience, death-thought accessibility
Contents have been reproduced by permission of the publishers.